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DESY - Overview

Mission: • Development, construction and running of accelerators

• Exploit the accelerators for particle physics and research with synchrotron-radiation (SR)

Budget: 165 M€ (2002)

Staff: 1560 in Hamburg and Zeuthen (including temp. staff)

Internationally used, nationally funded Research Institute

Accelerator development

Photon ResearchSR & FEL

Exp. & Theor. Particle Physics

Particle Physics at HERA: 1100 Scientists (25 countr) 700 from abroad

Research with SR: 2000 Scientists (33 countr) 700 from abroad

XFEL and SC e+e LC 1000 Scientists (36 countr)

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DESY - Research

• Study of the structure of matter from macroscopic to atomic scale at DORIS, PETRA and XFEL

• Structure of elementary particles, forces + origin of mass at (DORIS, PETRA), HERA, and a future LC

• Theory in particle physics + cosmology (including lattice gauge theory + development of specialised computers)

• Origin of cosmic high energy neutrinos (Amanda, IceCube at the South Pole)

• Detector R&D

• Accelerator R&D

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DESY’s Accelerators - today

TTF-Linac:

Photo-Injector at Zeuthen:

DESY-DORIS-PETRA-HERA:In total 16 km of accelerators

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HERA

Assure continued operation of HERA

Assure high integrated luminosity for the three experiments H1, ZEUS, HERMES until the end of running of HERA, December 2006/June 2007

Lifetime: 1992 - 2007

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HERA

Questions:

• How big are electron and quark

• What is the proton made of

• Which properties do the fundamental forces have

• What is the origin of spin

• Are there new phenomena

First collisions in 1992

Luminosity upgrade in 2000

HERA: Microscope - unique world-wide - with a resolution

of 1/1000 of proton radius (10-18 m)

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HERA Running

The HERA performance is further improving, the currents are increasing (Ip: >90 mA (90); Ie: >40 mA (50))

The background conditions even at high currents are good, but coasting beam and spikes need to be removed

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Integrated Luminosity

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Internationality at DESY

Particle physics experiments at DESY711 scientists from abroad

Netherlands

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Russia @ DESY

Plus R&D for LC

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Astroparticle physics

Original contributions to the field in framework of international major projects

Amanda/Icecube am Südpol

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HASYLAB: DESY’s Synchrotron-Radiation Laboratory

DORIS:

40 beam lines

80 experimental stations

7 operated by EMBL

1 operated by Max Planck Soc.

High photon flux, ideal for studying large samples

PETRA II:

1 undulator beam, 2 experiments, operation together with HERA

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PETRA III Layout

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DESY Strategy 2005 – 2009: PETRA III

Strategy:

• start of reconstruction: 2007• first users: 2009

• very low emittance mainly for hard X-rays• open for future upgrades • concept of outstations (e.g. EMBL, GKSS)

• 13 independent undulator beamlines, of which• 7 undulator beamlines built and operated by DESY• 1.5 beamlines financed by MPG (construction and operation)• 4-5 undulator beamlines expected to be operated in collaboration with external institutions (GKSS, EMBL, …)

• provide users with first class sample environment and a service comparable to ESRF

Parameters:

- rebuilt of 1/8 of PETRA- refurbishment of 7/8 of PETRA- energy: 6 GeV- top up operation mode

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XFEL a revolutionary photon

source

The excellent beam properties in the superconducting TESLA-LINAC allow to use the SASE (Self Amplifying Spontaneous Emission) principle

Brillance:gain ~ 109 compared to existing facilitiesPhoton beam:• X-rays at 0.1 nm• Full coherence (Laser)• Pulse length < 100 fs (time scale of chemical reactions) • Energy tuneable

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The Story of SC Cavities

Development of Gradients in superconducting RF cavities

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Gra

die

nt

(MV

/m)

World Average

CEBAF

TESLA

TESLA

TESLA el.polish

SC RF structures for accelerators were developed in many countries

To meet the challenge of high gradients needed for high energy Linear Colliders the TESLA collaboration has attracted ~ all the world expertise in SC, thus leading to major progress

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The TESLA Collaboration

• The TESLA Collaboration:

-at present 55 Institutes in 12 countries

These institutes have contributed through hardware, manpower, and ideas to the facility and share the know-how concerning the construction and operation of the Sc linac

JINR is member since 1995, many important contributions

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Science with the X-FEL

Movies of chemical reactions

Main fields of research with the X-FEL:Main fields of research with the X-FEL:

• atomic, molecular and cluster phenomena, plasma physics

• non-linear processes and quantum optics

• condensed matter physics and materials science

• ultra-fast chemistry and life-sciences

Plasma physics

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Experience with TTF

Proof of principle and first FEL-experiments at TTF I

laser driven

electron gun

photon beam

diagnostics

undulatorbunch

compressor

superconducting accelerator modules

pre-accelerator

e- beam diagnostics

e- beam diagnostics

Tasks:

Test of all components

Operation for > 13 000 h

Proof of Laser

Base for costing

Conclusion:

The technical readiness has been demonstrated

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Proof of the new Laser Principle

2/1 E Transverse coherence

Tuning of wave length

The measured properties of the laser agree in all aspects with the theoretical expectations

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250 m

RF gun

FEL experimenta

l area

bypass

4 MeV 150 MeV 450 MeV 1000 MeV

undulators

collimatorbunch compressorLaser

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7

bunch compressor

TTF and the VUV-FEL

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Steering Committee

chairman: H. Schunck (German Ministry of Science and Technology)

kick-off meeting: Febr. 2nd, 2004

Working Group on

Administrative & Funding Issues

chairman: H.-F. Wagner(German Ministry of Science and Technology

kick-off meeting: March 19th, 2004

Working Group on

Scientific & Technical Issues

chairman: F. Sette(ESRF, Grenoble, France)

kick-off meeting: April 1st/2nd, 2004

2nd meeting of Steering Committee: May 26th, 2004

European Steering and Working Groups

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XFEL Site Proposalplanned LC

Site chosen

to make maximum use of DESY infrastructure

to avoid interference XFEL/LC

Preparation of legal approval

‘Staatsvertrag’ in preparation

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2000 m 1200 m

start in 2005 ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● complete in 2011

time schedule

European XFEL Laboratory

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Linear Collider

Play leading role in this new develpoment of particle physics

Continue R&D in international context, to prepare the German participation in a world-wide project

The Technical Design Report incl. cost was published in March 2001

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The Scientific Case for a LC

A world-wide consensus has formed for a baseline LC project in which positrons collide with electrons at energies up to 500 GeV, with luminosity above 1034 cm-2s-1.

The energy should be upgradable to about 1 TeV.

Above this firm baseline, several options are envisioned whose priority will depend upon the nature of the discoveries made at the LHC and in the initial LC operation.

The consensus document has been signed by > 2600 scientists from all around the world. http://www-flc.desy.de/lcsurvey/

Substantial overlap in running with LHC recommended

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e+e- Colliders:The Challenges

The challenges:

Luminosity: high charge density (1010), > 10,000 bunches/s

very small vertical emittance (damping rings, linac)

tiny beam size (5*500 nm) (final focus)

Energy: high accelerating gradient (> 25 MV/m, 500 - 1000 GeV)

To meet these challenges: A lot of R&D on LC’s world-wide

For E > 200 GeV need to build linear colliders

Proof of principle:

SLC

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High Gradients in EP nine-cell Cavities

AC70: gradient of 39.4 MV/m at 2K using EP at DESY not treated at 1400 C

High gradients is a high priority item at DESY and in TESLA collab.

1,00E+09

1,00E+10

1,00E+11

0 10 20 30 40

Eacc [MV/m]

Q0

2 K

1,8 K

1,6 K

1011

109

1010 Test of 1/8th of a TESLA cryomodule at 5 Hz, 500 s fill, 800s flat-top->35 MV/m with no interruption related to cavity-coupler-klystron for more than 1000 hours

No field emission

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Next Milestones towards a Global Linear Collider

2004 Selection of Collider Technology (warm or cold) and setting up of an international project team with branches in America, Asia and Europe

Continuation of discussion between funding agencies

Further studies of organisation structures

2005 Start of work of project teams (‚Global Design Initiative‘)

2006 Completion of the project layout (CDR) including costing

2007 Submission of TDR to governments to go ahead with LC

2009 Start major spending

2015 Start of commissioning

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The Elements of DESY

The strength of DESY lies in its structure:

Accelerators & Development

Photon ResearchSR & FELs

Exp. & Theor. Particle Physics

Current Projects:

HERA

DORIS

VUV-FEL + Photoinjector

Amanda/Icecube

Upgrade Project: PETRA SREuropean Facility:

XFEL

Planned Global Project:

LC

Leading role in accelerator development (SC RF acceleration)

Clearly defined projects for the next 15-20 years

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DESY Summary

• DESY has a long history in particle physics, research with synchrotron radiation and accelerator development. These field are of strong mutual benefit for each other

• Very successful development of the superconducting accelerating technology in international partnership

• The activities of the TESLA collaboration have influenced significantly many other accelerator projects

• The European X-FEL laboratory will provide a new generation of photon source based on the TESLA technology

• Strong world enthusiasm for a LC, aiming at political decision in 2007