DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LAB TECHNICIAN

1st

Year

Subject Code Subject Title

IA

Max.

Marks

University

Examinations Total Marks Min. Pass Credits

Max.

Marks

Min.

Pass

DC101 LIFE SKILLS 25 75 35 100 35 4

DML102 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML103 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL

LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

25 75 35 100 35

6

DML104 GENERAL PATHOLOGY 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML105 COMMUNICATION SKILLS 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML106 HAEMATOLOGY 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML107 PRACTICAL 75 30 35 100 35 6

Total Credits 40

2nd Year

Subject Code Subject Title

IA

Max.

Marks

University

Examinations Total

Marks Min. Pass Credits

Max.

Marks

Min.

Pass

DC201 LIFE SKILLS 25 75 35 100 35 4

DML202 PARASITOLOGY 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML203 URINALYSIS 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML204 SEROLOGY 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML205 HEALTH LABORATORY

MANAGEMENT & QUALITY

ASSURANCE

25

75 35 100 35

6

DML206 COMPUTER SKILLS 25 75 35 100 35 6

DML207 PRACTICAL 25 75 35 100 35 6

Total Credits 40

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter One – Introduction To Human Anatomy And Physiology Chapter Two – Cell Chapter Three – Tissues And Membrane Chapter Four – The Integumentary System Chapter Five – The Skeletal System Chapter Six – The Muscular System Chapter Seven – The Nervous System Chapter Eight – The Endocrine System Chapter Nine – Cardiovascular System Chapter Ten – Respiratory System Chapter Eleven – Digestive System Chapter Twelve – The Urinary System Chapter Thirteen _ Fluid And Electrolyte Balance Chapter Fourteen – The Reproductive System

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Chapter: One Laboratory 1.1 General over view 1.2 Classification of medical laboratories 1.3 Organization of the laboratory 1.4 Structure of medical laboratory service 1.5 Role of medical laboratory services 1.6 Role of medical laboratory technologist 1.7 Lab. rules, ethics and professional code of conduct 1.8 Laboratory policies 1.9 Solutions used in medical Laboratory 1.10 Expressing concentration of solutions Chapter: Two 2.1 Laboratory glass wares 2.2 Plastic wares

Chapter: Three Laboratory instruments 3.1 Balances 3.2 Centrifuges 3.3 Refrigerators 3.4 Ovens 3.5 Water bath 3.6 Incubators 3.7 Colorimeter (photometer) 3.8 Desiccators 3.9 Instruments and materials used for pH determination 3.10 Instrument for purifying water 3.11 Microscope 3.12 Instruments and materials used for advanced laboratory techniques 3.13 Review questions 3.14 Automated analyzers Chapter: Four Sterilization and disinfection 4.1 Sterilization 4.2 Disinfection and decontamination of laboratory wastes Chapter: Five Laboratory accidents and safety 5.1 Laboratory hazards and accidents 5.2 Factors contributing to laboratory hazards 5.3 Firs aid for laboratory hazards 5.4 Safe use and storage of chemicals and reagents 5.5 Planning for safety 5.6 General precautions for the avoidance of laboratory accidents Chapter: Six Quality assurance 6.1 Types and causes of errors in medical laboratories

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology

I. Learning objectives II. The core aspects of diseases in pathology III. Diagnostic methods used in pathology IV. Causes of diseases V. Course of diseases VI. Outcomes & consequences of diseases VII. Clinical & biologic death Chapter 2: Cellular Reactions to Injury I. Learning objectives II. Introduction III. Types of cellular adaptation IV. Reversible cellular changes & accumulations V. Cell death VI. Pathologic calcification Chapter 3: Inflammation I. Learning objectives II. Introduction III. Acute inflammation IV. Chemical mediators of acute inflammation V. Morphology of acute inflammation VI. Effects of inflammation VII. Course of acute inflammation VIII. Chronic inflammation IX. Systemic effects of inflammation Chapter 4: Healing I. Learning Objective II. Definition of healing III. Processes of healing IV. Molecular control of healing process V. Wound healing VI. Factors that influence wound healing VII. Complications of wound healing VIII. Fracture healing Chapter 5: Hemodynamic Disorders I. Learning objectives

II. Introduction III. Edema 61 IV. Hyperemia & congestion V. Hemorrhage VI. Hemostasis VII. Thrombosis VIII. Embolism IX. Infarction X. Shock XI. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Chapter 6: Genetic Diseases I. Learning objectives II. Introduction III. Mutation: The basis of genetic diseases IV. Categories of genetic diseases V. Mendelian disorders VI. Chromosomal disorders VII. Multifactorial disorders VIII. Single gene disorders with nonclassic inheritance Chapter 7: Immunopathology I. Learning objectives II. Hypersensitivity Reactions III. Immunologic Tolerance IV. Autoimmune Diseases V. Immunodeficiency Diseases Chapter 8: Selected Tropical Diseases I. Learning objectives. II. Typhoid Fever III. Acute Osteomyelitis IV. Tuberculosis V. Leprosy VI. Syphillis VII. Malaria VIII. Leishmaniasis IX. Schisistosomiasis X.Fungal infections (Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis)

XI. Viral infections Chapter 9: Neoplasia I. Learning objectives II. Definition and nomenclature III. Characteristics of Neoplasms IV. Cancer Epidemiology V. Molecular Basis of Cancer (Carcinogenesis) VI. Clinical Features of Neoplasms VII. Laboratory Diagnosis of Cancer Chapter 10: Metabolic Diseases I. Learning objectives II. Introduction III. Diabetes Mellitus IV. Gout Chapter 11: Environmental Diseases I. Learning objectives II. Introduction III. Air Pollution IV. Industrial Exposures V. Tobacco Smoking VI.Chemical & Drug Injury VII. Physical Injuries COMMUNICATION SKILLS SECTION –I Chapter 1 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION 1.0. Objectives

1.1. Introduction 1.2. Communication Defined 1.3. The process of communication 1.4. Effective communication 1.4.1. C’s of communication 1.4.2. Objectives of communication 1.4.3. Types of communication

1.5. Points of remember Chapter 2 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION 2.0. Objectives

2.1. Introduction 2.2. Barriers of communication

2.2.1. Physical and external barriers 2.2.2. Language barriers (Semantic Barriers) 2.2.3. Socio culture Barriers 2.2.4. Psychological Barriers 2.2.5. Perceptual Barriers 2.2.6. Health Barriers 2.2.7. The barriers to communication restated 2.2.8. Barriers That Have To Do With The Communication 2.2.9. Barriers That Have To Do With The Receiver or The Message 2.2.10. Environmental Barriers And Physical Barriers 2.3. Strategies to overcome or control the Barriers to communication

Chapter 3 LISTENING SKILLS AND SUB SKILLS 3.0. Objectives

3.1. Introduction 3.2. Definition 3.3. Importance of listening 3.4. Process of listening 3.5. Purpose of listening 3.6. Types if listening 3.7. Barriers to listening 3.7.1. Overcoming Barriers 3.8. Sub skills of listening 3.8.1. Inculcating Listening Skills 3.8.2. Tips for being a good listener

Chapter 4 SPEAKING SKILLS AND SUB SKILLS

4.1 Objectives 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Features of a good Speech 4.4 Features of a good speaker 4.5 Speaking skills and sub skills 4.6 Developing Speaking skills

CHAPTER 5 FEATURES OF SPOKEN ENGLISH 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Spoken English

5.3 Features of Spoken English 5.3.1 Pronunciation 5.3.2 Word Accent or stress 5.3.3Weak forms of words and contracted words 5.3.4Tone groups or pauses in connected speech (Pausing & Phrasing) 5.3.5Rhythm – sentence stress (Pitch range) 5.3.6Intonation 5.3.7Variation in speed – But it is generally faster than writing 5.3.8Gestures – the body language 5.4 Functional spoken English

SECTION II

CHAPTER 6 PRONUNCIATION 6.0 Objectives 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pronunciation 6.2.1 Vowels and consonants 6.2.2 Pronunciation/Phonetic Symbols 6.2.3 Symbols for consonants sounds 6.2.4 Symbols for vowel sounds 6.2.5 Practice of confusing consonants sounds 6.2.6 Practice of Vowel sounds 6.2.7 Some rules for Pronunciation 6.2.8 Phonetic Transcription of some common English words 6.2.9 Practice set 6.3 Word Accent in English

6.3.1 Syllable 6.3.2 Word Accent 6.3.3 Some rules for Accent

6.4 Weak forms of words 6.4.1 Weak Forms 6.4.2 Contracted Words CHAPTER 7 PUNCTUATION

7.0 Objectives

7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Principal Marks of Punctuation

CHAPTER 8 ARTICLES

8.0 Objectives 8.1 Introductions 8.2 Indefinite Articles A and AN 8.3 Definite Article The 8.4 Omission of articles

CHAPTER 9 FRAMING QUESTION 9.0 Objective

9.1 Introductions 9.2 Open question and their Structure 9.3Closed question and their structure 9.3.1Yes / No Questions 9.3.2Indirect Questions 9.4 Question That Do Not Ask The Question 9.4.1Rhetorical Question 9.4.2Exclamatory Questions s9.4.3Requests and Suggestions 9.5 Questions Tags 9.6 Negative Questions 9.7 Using Questing Techniques

CHAPTER 10 WORD FORMATION 10.0 Objective 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Formation of Words 10.3 Prefixing and Suffixing

10.3.1 Prefixes 10.3.2 Suffixes

10.4 Miscellaneous Formation of Words 10.4.1 Formation of Adjectives 10.4.2 Formation of Nouns 10.4.2 Formation of Verbs

10.5 Compounding

HAEMATOLOGY

1. Blood 2. Blood Collection 3. Anticoagulants 4. Preparation of Blood Smears 5. Staining of Blood Smears 6. Hemocytometry 7. Differential Leucocyte Count 8. Reticulocyte Count 9. Hemoglobin 10. Packed Cell Volume 11. Red Cell Indices 12. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 13. Osmotic Fragility of the Red Cell 14. Bone marrow smear examination 15. Lupus Erythematosus Cell 16. Red cell Morphology Study 17. Anemia 18. Hematological Malignancies 19. Leucocyte cytochemistry 20. Hemostasis 21. Body fluid analysis 22. Automation in Hematology

PARASITOLOGY

CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Definition of terms used in parasitology 1.2 Sources of exposure to parasitic infections 1.3 Mode of transmission 1.3.1 Direct mode of transmission 1.3.2 Indirect mode of transmission 1.4 Route of transmission 1.5 Host parasite relationship 1.5.1 Effects of parasites on there hosts 1.5.2 Host susceptibility factors 1.5.3 Escape mechanism of the parasite from the immune system 1.6 General life cycle of parasites 1.6.1 Direct life cycle

1.6.2 Indirect life cycle 1.7 Types of specimen used for parasitological examination 1.8 Classification of Parasites 1.9 Major differences between parasitic protozoa and metazoa CHAPTER TWO - MEDICAL PROTOZOOLOGY 2.1 Class- Rhizopoda ( Amoebae) 2.1.1Free living amoeba 2.1.2Free living pathogenic amoebae 2.2 Class - Zoomastigophora ( Flagellates) 2.2.1 The Oro-intestinal and Urogenital flagellates 2.2.2 The Haemo-Somatic Flagellates 2.3. Class -Telosporidia 2.3.1 Intestinal and tissue Coccidian Parasite 2.3.2 Haemosporidia 2.4 Class -Ciliatea ( Ciliates) CHAPTER THREE -MEDICAL HELMINTHOLOGY 3.1 Platyhelminths 3.1.1 Class cestoda (tapeworm) 3.1.2 Class trematodes(flukes) 3.1.2.1 Blood Flukes (Schistosmes) 3.1.2.2 Liver Flukes 3.2.2.3 Intestinal Flukes 3.2.2.4Lung Flukes 3.2. Nemathelminths 3.3.1. Class Nematoda 3.3.1.1Intestinal nematodes 3.3.1.2. Tissue nematodes

URINALYSIS

CHAPTER ONE

Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney 1.1 Anatomy of the Kidney 1.2 Physiology of the Kidney & Formation of Urine 1.3 The Composition of Urine

1.4 Factors affecting the composition of urine 1.5 Renal clearance and renal threshold CHAPTER TWO Collection and Preservation of Urine Specimen 2.1 Collection of urine specimen 2.2 Preservation of urine specimen 2.3 Types of Examination in Routine Urinalysis CHAPTER THREE Physical Examination of urine 3.1 Volume 3.2 Odor 3.3 Foam 3.4 Color 3.5 Appearance (Transparency) 3.6 pH 3.7 Specific Gravity of urine CHAPTER FOUR Chemical Analysis Of Urine 4.1 Determination of Urinary Sugar 4.2 Determination of Ketone Bodies 4.3 Determination of Urinary Protein 4.4 Determination of Bilirubin 4.5 Determination of Urobilinogen 4.6 Determination of Urobilin 4.7 Determination of Hemoglobin 4.8 Determination of Calcium 4.9 Determination of Nitrite 4.10 Determination of Leukocytes Test 4.11 Determination of Indican 4.12 Determination of Melanin CHAPTER FIVE Microscopic Examinatin Of Urine 5.1 Procedure for urine microscopic examination 5.2 Source of errors in the microscopic examination of rine 5.3 Urinary Sediments 5.4 Organized Urinary Sediments

5.5 Non - Organized Elements (Urine Crystals)

SEROLOGY

CHAPTER ONE: Basic Principle of Immunologic and Serologic reactions

1 Introduction 2 Immunological Techniques 2.1. Primary binding tests 1.2.1.1. Immunofluorescence tests 1.2.1.2. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 1.2.1.3. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) 1.2.2. Secondary binding tests 1.2.2.1. Agglutination test 1.2.2.2. Precipitin test 3. Complement fixation test 3. Tertiary binding tests 1.3. Factors affecting antigen – Antibody reactions CHAPTER TWO: Serological 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Materials necessary for basic serological tests 2.3. Collection preparation and preservation of serological specimens 2.4. Shipment of serological specimens 2.5. Complement inactivation 2.6. Dilution 2.6.1.Serial dilution 2.6.2. Determination of End point and Titer CHAPTER THREE: Common Serologic tests for bacterial and parasitic infections 3.1. Syphilis Serology 3.1.1. Introduction 3.1.2. Stages of syphilis 3.1.3. Congenital syphilis 3.1.4. Immunologic manifestation 3.1.5. Diagnostic Evaluation 3.1.5.1. Dark field Microscopy

3.1.5.2. Serologic tests 3.2. Agglutination tests for febrile Diseases 3.2.1. Salmonella 3.2.1.1. Serologic diagnosis 3.2.2. Rickettsiace 3.2.2.1. Serologic diagnosis 3.3 Serology of Streptolysin O (SLO) and Antistreptolysin O (ASO) 3.3.1. The Extra cellular Products of S. pyogens 3.3.2. Antistreptolysin O (ASO 3.3.2.1. Test for Streptolysin O 3.3.2.2. Antistreptolysin O titration 3.4. Toxoplasmosis 3.4.1. Serological tests 3.5. Hydatid disease CHAPTER FOUR: Common Serologic Tests for Viral Infections 4.1. Serology of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 4.1.1. HIV Antibody Tests 4.1.1.1. HIV Antibody Test Algorithm 4.1.1.2. Common HIV Antibody Tests 4.1.1.2.1. Explanation of the Meaning of HIV 4.2. Serology of Hepatitis Viruses 4.2.1. Introduction 4.2.2. HAV 4.2.3. HBV 4.2.4. HCV 4.2.5. HDV 4.2.6. HEV 4.2.7. HGV 4.3. Infectious mononucleosis 4.4. Rubella infection 4.5. cytomegalovirus CHAPTER FIVE: Serology of Rheumatoid Factors, Systemic Lupus Erytheromatsuos,Acute phase protein, Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Hormone 5.1. Rheumatoid Factors 5.1.1. Serologic tests 5.2.Systemic Lupus Erytheromatous 5.3. Acute phase protein

5.3.1. CRP 5.4. Human chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (HCG) 5.4.1. Introduction 5.4.2. Serology of urine HCG 5.4.2.1. Urine pregnancy test 5.4.2.2. Factors affecting urine pregnancy test 5.4.2.3. Urine specimen CHAPTER SIX: Some miscellaneous technique and monoclonal Antibody production 6.1. Some miscellaneous techniques 6.1.1. Isolation of lymphocyte populations 6.2. Monoclonal Antibody production 6.3. Effector-Cell Assay

HEALTH LABORATORY MANAGEMENT & QUALITY ASSURANCE

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT 1.1. Definition and General Principles 1.2. Concepts of Management 1.3. Function of Management CHAPTER TWO: HEALTH LABORATORY MANAGEMENT 2.1. Definition and Principles 2.2. Role of Laboratory in Health Care and Training of Laboratory Personnel 2.3. Code of Conduct CHAPTER THREE: LABORATORY ORGANIZATION 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Organization of Health Laboratory Service in Ethiopia 3.3. Structure and Function of Laboratory Service in Ethiopia 3.4. Safe Laboratory Design CHAPTER FOUR: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN THE LABORATORY 4.1. Communication 4.2. Guidelines for Effective Communication

CHAPTER FIVE: LABORATORY POLICIES 5.1. Definition and Purpose 5.2. Laboratory Hours and Emergency Work 5.3. Range of Tests to be Performed and Referral of Specimens 5.4. Work Load Capacity of the Laboratory 5.5. Collection of Specimens 5.6. Delivery of Reports 5.7. Reporting of Results and Record Keeping CHAPTER SIX: MANAGEMENT OF LABORATORY RESOURCES 6.1. Management of Time and Space 6.2. Management of Equipment and Supplies CHAPTER SEVEN: SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY 7.1. Importance of Safety 7.2. Source of Laboratory Hazards 7.3. Safety Measures 7.4. Preventing Laboratory Infection 7.5. Elements of Laboratory Safety Program CHAPTER EIGHT: QUALITY ASSURANCE 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Definition and Purposes of QA 8.3. Components of Quality Assurance CHAPTER NINE: QUALITY CONTROL 10.1. Definition 10.2. Types of QC 10.3. Assessing Value of Tests COMPUTER SKILLS

Module Objective

This module will make the students learn about the use of computer and its practical applications which will provide them with a competitive advantage to get jobs in the industry.

Section I

Introduction to computers, MS Word-Create simple document, opening files and saving text using different fonts, word art, bullets and numbering, inserting graphics and pictures, spell check, using header and footer, creating tables using tabs, templates, linking and embedding, mail merge, formulas, sorting, printing-its features.

Section II Ms Excel creating spreadsheets, work books and work sheet, entering data, editing, formatting cells using various financial functions, logical functions etc. Creating Macros, drawing graphs, Shearing spreadsheets, Charts, Pivot tables, Goal seek scenario, Filters and advance Filters, MIS reports, Analysis technique MS Power point, MS Access, Internet.