„Emission & Regeneration“© Unified Field TheoryOsvaldo Domann

- Introduction- Methodology- Main characteristics of Fundamental Particles (FPs)- General theoretical part- Coulomb law- Ampere law- Induction law- Time, momentum and force Quantification- Miscellaneous (Special Relativity)- Quantum mechanics- Findings

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Copyright ©The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions, derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference to the author. To prevent plagiarism, all published versions of the work were deposited and attested by a notary since 2003 .

Methodology

2

Postulated

3

Particle representation

Characteristics of the introduced fundamental particles (FPs)

• Fundamental Particles are postulated.

• Basic Subatomic Particles (BSPs) are the positrons, the electrons and the neutrinos.

• Classification of Subatomic Particles.

• FPs store energy as rotations in moving and transversal directions

• FPs move with light speed and with nearly infinite speed.

• Complex Subatomic Particles (CSPs) are the proton, the neutron, nuclei of atoms and the photons.

• Pairs of FPs with opposed transversal angular momenta generate linear momenta on subatomic particles.

• FPs interact through their angular momenta.

4

Classification of electrons and positrons

Introduction

5

nnn

sss

eee

JdEdE

JdEdE

JdEdE

==

==

==

22

2

22

2

==

=

po

pn

po

os

nse

EE

EE

EE

EE

withEEE

2

2

222

1

= =

= =

cv

vmpcpE

cmEEEE

p

opoe

Distribution in space of the relativistic energy of a BSP with v c

Introduction

6

2sin

2

1=

2

dddr

r

rd o

2

d ddr sindV=r 2

7

Energy flux density

Energy density

34o

ii

i m

J

r

rE

2

1

dV

dEw

sm

J

r

r

12π

EνdS

dA

dP23

ooii

i

Introduction

2

d ddr sindV=r2

dγ dsinrdA 2

8

Linear momentum out of opposed angular momentum

Introduction

nn Jν Ed

nEd

nEd

ldEdR

dE np

21

pp s dEc

1pd

pd

9

Moving particles with their angular momenta

Introduction

10

Fundamental differences in the representation of particles compared with standard theory

Standard Proposed

Point-like simple particles Space-like structured particles

Particles are static entities Particles are dynamic entities

Origin of charge unknown Charge defined by the sense of rotationof emitted FPs

Light speed is maximum speed Infinite speed is maximum speed

One type of electron and positron Two types of electrons and positrons

Origin of linear momentum unknown Linear momentum generated by the interaction of FP with opposed angular momenta

Wave-particle duality No wave associated to a particle

eeeee EHwithsdHHd ==

Definition of field magnitudes dH

Longitudinal emitted field

Transversal regenerating field

Longitudinal regenerating field

eeee sdκJν=sdH

ndκJν=ndH nn

Relation between the angular momentum J and the dH Field

Introduction

11

ssss E= H with sdκ=HHd

nnnn E= H with ndκ=HHd

sdκJν=sdH ss 21p sdHsdH

c dt

1

c dt

dE

dt

dpdF

21

Time quantification

24

21105.4271= =

m

sKrrKt oo

Ampered

II

2π

μ=FCoulomb

d

QQ

4π

1=F 21o

dyn221

ostat

cvforEEEwithE

cr poo 22==

cvforE ==

The radius of focal points of BSPs.

Quantification

12

2oo K rtΔ

pppst

pF R =0= =

Interaction laws for field componenets dH of two BSPs

1) Interaction law between two static BSPs (Coulomb)

2) Interaction law between two moving BSPs (Ampere, Lorentz, Bragg) 3) Interaction law between a static and a moving BSP ( Maxwell, Gravitation)

13

Index

21 21sdHsdH=dEp

Differential energy generated by the interaction of two dH fields

The three possible combinations of the longitudinal and transversal dH fields give the three types of interactions.

1) Interaction law between two static BSPs (Coulomb)

Rrsrrer

se

RRstat sdHdHR

ssld

csdp

222111

21

2

)(1=

21 21sdHsdH=dE s

r

e

r

p

se

pdEc

dp1

sdκJν=s dH

Coulomb law

14

2) Interaction law between two moving BSPs (Ampere, Lorentz and Bragg)

iiininiin

nnn

ndJndH

withndHndHdE

=

= 2211

)(1

RrnrrnrRRdyn sdHdHR

nnld

csdp

222111

21

2

)(1=

Ampere law

15

3) Interaction law between a static and a moving BSP (Maxwell, Gravitation)

Rprpsprrrn

rrRRn

ind sdHdHR

nld

csdp

2

1=)(

„Induction law“

Induction law

16

17

s

kgII

q

mI ccm

121085,68563137==

Charge and current of Complex Subatomic Particles (CSPs)Introduction

=919n

918=n

MeVEprotB 0.43371=

MeVnn 0.511=0.511*)(

Proton Neutron

919=n

919=n

MeVEneutrB 0.34936=

MeVnn 0.0=0.511*)(

MeVEo 0.511=

Constituents

Positron

Electron

Binding Energy

Charge

Mass current

Energy of a resting electron

][Coulomb/s Ic

18

Fundamental differences in the representation of ineractions between BSPs and CSPs compared with standard theory

An Individual field for each force A common field for all forces(electric, magnetic, strong, weak, grav.) (dH field)

Neutral Particles interact only Neutral particles interact all the timein collisions

Electron and positron annihilate Electron and positron compensate and don’t mix in atomic nuclei

Standard Proposed

No quantization of linear momentum Quantized elementary linear momentum

No quantization of time Quantized interaction time

Power flow only between charged Constant power flow between all particles,particles also neutral particles.

Simple representation of Dynamic representation of atomic nuclei, atomic nuclei which reintegrate constantly migrated

electrons and positrons.

0.10 0=statp

1.80.1 2dpstat

2.11.8 constantpstat

5182.1 d

pstat

1

518 2

1

dpstat

Linear momentum as a function of the distance between static BSPsstatp

Coulomb

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Diffraction of BSPs at a Crystal due to reitegration of BSPs

Ampere law

20

Gravitation between two neutrons due to parallel reintegration of BSPs

21= MMd

RFR

Ampere law

21

227 /106.05= kgNmR

Gravitation between two neutrons due to aligned reintegration of BSPs

At stable nuclei migrated BSPs that interact with BSPs of same charge do not get the necessary energy to cross the potential barrier.

221=

d

MMGFG

Induction law

22

At unstable nuclei some of the migrated BSPs that interact with BSPs of same charge get the necessary energy to cross the potential barrier.

212RGT MMd

R

d

G=FFF

Total gravitation force due to the reintegration of BSPs

Induction +Ampere

23

Linear momentum balance between static and moving BSPs

“Induced dp”

Elastic scattering

Induction law

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Power flow between charged bodies

Coulomb+Ampere+Induction

25

26

Mechanism of permanent magnetism due to reintegration of BSPsAmpere

Synchronized reintegration of migrated electrons and positrons

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Quantification of force

2.0887Coulomb

5.8731Ampere

2.4662Induction

5.8731Ampere

Coulomb2

2o

C 4 d

a r(d)N

Δld

II

c64 m

r),I(d,IN

Ampere

m2m122

2o

m2m1A

Induction2

212o

2G21G d

MM rγ ),M(d,MN

Δl d

MM γ

644

1),M(d,MN

Ampere

212R21R

oelemRGRGT ν] pN[ NFFF

mc pelem too

1oelemνN pF

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Neutron and proton composed of accelerating positrons and decelerating electrons

Miscellaneous

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Spin of level electrons at Hydrogen and Helium Atoms

Miscellaneous

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30

Stern-Gerlach experiment and the spin of the electorn

Miscellaneous

31

Miscellaneous

Special Relativity

Absorbtion of a component of a photon and subsequent emission with light speed „c“.

32

Life time increase of moving radiating particles

33

Space-time variables

Frames for Lorentz transformations

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

o

o

o

cv

zcv

t

t

cv

vtzz

yy

xx

KK

24

1

24

1

)()(

i

i

i

i klil

i

ik aa

4

1

klli

i

ki aa

4

1

ikik

i ba

General Lorentz transformation

22222222 )()()()()()()()( ticzyxticzyx oo

2

2

1

1

ocv

2o

2222o

222 )t(iczyx)t(iczyx

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Dividing both sides with (no dilatation)22222222 ) () ( czyxczyx vivvvvivvv

with oc cv andt

tcv oc

Speed variables

xx vv *yy vv *

zz ff *

(no space contraction)

*KK

Frames for Lorentz transformations

KK

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

c

zc

c

c

c

zz

yy

xx

vv

vcv

v

v

vv

vvv

vv

vv

oz cv *

2)( t

22222222 )()()()()()()()( ticzyxticzyx oo

35

Relativistic equations

*

2

2

1z

o

zz p

cv

mvvmp

*

2

2

1z

o

zz a

cv

aa

ozp cpE

o

o

cv

cv

f

f

/1

/1*

o

o

cv

cv

/1

/1*

22*

2

2

2

1po

o

oco EEE

cv

mcvmcE

Doppler

Energy

Linear momentum Acceleration

with

Charge density Current density* *JJJ zz

36

• The transformation rules of SR describe the macroscopic results of the interactions of FPs emitted by electrons and positrons.

• The special Lorentz transformation is intrinsically a transformation of speed variables. Time and space are absolute variables and equal in all frames.

• Electromagnetic waves are emitted with light speed co relative to the frame of the emitting source.

• Electromagnetic waves that arrive at the atoms of measuring instruments like optical lenses or electric antennae are absorbed and subsequently emitted with light speed co relative to the measuring instruments. That explains why always light speed is measured in the frame of the instruments.

• The speed vc of the fourth orthogonal coordinate gives the speed of the FPs emitted continuously by electrons and positrons and which continuously regenerate them.

Characteristics of the special LT based on speed variables.

• All the transformation equations already existent for the electric and magnetic fields, deduced on the base of the invariance of the Maxwell wave equations are still valid for the present approach.

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Quantum mechanics

cvforEEEwithE

cr poo 22==

cxE 2

1

Proposed Newton Schrödinger

UΨΔΨ2m

Ψt

i2

xdt

dmxU

dx

d2

2

)( Ψtc2m

ΨUEΨx

ci2

2

2o

2

o

v=cforωand E=

Focal radius

Uncertainty principle

The wave packet

dmp(m)tmxc

iχ(m)exp2π

1Ψ(x,t)

2c

Emwith

c2

1ΔtΔp

38

Quantum mechanics

Hydrogen Atomo2Hk E

n

1hcRE

nn'

2'2Hk )(n

1

(n)

1h c R ΔEΔE

39

Hydrogen AtomQuantum mechanics

The relation between the magnetic and orbital quantum numbers is

lml with 32, 1, l and 32, 1, ml

sinθl

ml

Findings of the proposed approach

The main findings of the proposed model , from which the presentation is an extract, are: • The energy of a BSP is stored in the longitudinal rotation of emitted fundamental particles. The rotation sense of the longitudinal angular momentum of emitted fundamental particles defines the sign of the charge of the BSP. • All the basic laws of physics (Coulomb, Ampere, Lorentz, Maxwell, Gravitation, bending of particles and interference of photons, Bragg) are derived from one vector field generated by the longitudinal and transversal angular momentum of fundamental particles, laws that in today's theoretical physics are introduced by separate definitions. • The interacting particles (force carriers) for all types of interactions (electromagnetic, strong, weak, gravitation) are the FPs with their longitudinal and transversal angular momentums. • Quantification and probability are inherent to the proposed approach. • The incremental time to generate the force out of linear momentums is quantized.

Findings

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• The emitted and regenerating energies of a BSP are quantized in energy quanta Eo. • Gravitation has its origin in the momentum of migrated BSPs which is generated when they are reintegrated to their nuclei. • The gravitation force is composed of an induced component and a component due to parallel currents of reintegrating BSPs. For galactic distances the induced component can be neglected what explains the flattening of galaxies´ rotation curve. (no dark matter). • The photon is a sequence of neutrinos with potentially opposed transversal linear momentum, which are generated by transversal angular momentum of FPs that comply with specific symmetry conditions. • The two possible states of the electron spin are replaced by the two types of electrons defined by the proposed theory, namely the accelerating and decelerating electrons. • The magnetic moment which is responsible for the splitting of the atomic beam in the Stern-Gerlach experiment is replaced by the quantized interacting of parallel currents.• Permanent magnets are explained with the synchronization of reintegrating positrons and electrons at a closed line of atomic nuclei.

Findings

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• The addition of a wave to a particle (de Broglie) is effectively replaced by a relation between the particles focal radius and its energy. • The uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics form pairs of canonical conjugated variables between "energy and space" and "momentum and time". • The new general differential equation for the wave function differentiates two times towards time and one towards space, similar to Newton´s equation. • The Schrödinger equation results as a particular time independent case of the wave packet. • The new quantum mechanics theory, based on the wave functions derived from the focal radius-energy relation, is in accordance with the quantum mechanics theory based on the correspondence principle. • The present approach has no energy violation in a virtual process at a vertex of a Feynmann diagram. • As the model relies on BSPs permitting the transmission of linear momentum at infinite speed via FPs, it is possible to explain why entangled photons show no time delay when they change their state. • Special relativity based on speed variables are free of time dilatation and length contraction.

Findings

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The End of

“Emission & Regeneration” Unified Field Theory

I thank you for your attention.

Copyright ©The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions, derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference to the author. To prevent plagiarism, all published versions of the work were deposited and attested by a notary since 2003 .

Osvaldo Domann