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FILARIASIS :

(LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS)

Transmission: mosquitoes transmit the infection duringbiting.CAUSATIVE PARASITE: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi andBrugia temori.

Geographic distribution and epidemiology:Bancroftian filariasis is widely distributed throughout the tropicalzone, Africa, Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, Central and SouthAmerica and some Caribbean islands. Malayan filariasis is found inSoutheast Asia, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Korea and Japan.Worldwide prevalence of lymphatic filariasis is estimated to be120 million infections; 20 million cases are due to Brugia malayi.Some zoonotic forms ofBrugia are found in the U.S. but humaninfections are uncommon.

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Location:The adult worms are found in lymphatics andlymph nodes. Microfilariae are found in the blood.Morphology and life cycle:The adult wormslive in the lymphatics and lymph nodes. The fertilized

females produce embryonic worms called microfilariae.

The microfilaria ~ 250 m in length. Microfilariae circulate

in the peripheral blood.

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Microfilaria Nuclei

[edit]

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FILARIASISWuchereria bancrofti

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Clinical manifestations:

Most cases are asymptomatic.Earlysymptoms are lymphangitis,lymphadenitis, and in males,

epidydimitis, funiculitis, or orchitis.repeated bouts of lymphangitis result inlymphedema. Eventually, the tissuebecomes infiltrated and fibrous withpermanent enlargement of involvedextremities (elephantiasis). Scrotalinvolvement is common.

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Elephant Foot

http://www.emedicine.com/cgi-bin/foxweb.exe/makezoom@/em/makezoom?picture=/websites/emedicine/ped/images/Large/1322elephantiasis.jpg&template=izoom2

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Another One

http://www.emedicine.com/cgi-bin/foxweb.exe/makezoom@/em/makezoom?picture=/websites/emedicine/ped/images/Large/1328elephantiasis3.jpg&template=izoom2

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Clinical manifestations:

Most cases are asymptomatic.Earlysymptoms are lymphangitis,lymphadenitis, and in males,

epidydimitis, funiculitis, or orchitis.repeated bouts of lymphangitis result inlymphedema. Eventually, the tissuebecomes infiltrated and fibrous withpermanent enlargement of involvedextremities (elephantiasis). Scrotalinvolvement is common.

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ELEFANTIASIS

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Transmitida por un simlido: Simuliummetalicum Simulium calidum

Simulium ochraceum

Sinonimia: Erisipela de la costaMal morado Ingles colgantesCara de perro Piel de leopardo Ceguera de

los rios

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Epidemiologa

Zonas con ros decorrientes rpidas

Zonas cafetaleras

Costas con selvatropical

Sierra de Ixtln enOaxaca

Chamula y Xoconuscoen Chiapas

Centro y Sudamrica

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Diagnstico

Denodulacin

Raspado de piel

Biopsia

Observacin decmaras oculares conlmpara de

hendidura Serologa

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Tratamiento

Adultos:Suramina

Microfilarias:DietilcarbamacinaIvermactina

Control de vectores

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Morfologa

Adultos: Macho

19-42 mm x 150 micrasHembra 335-700 mm x

320 micras Microfilarias:

Machos 150-257 x 6

micras Hembras

260-360 x 8 micras

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Ndulos

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Piel de leopardo

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Ceguera de los rios

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ONCHOCERCOSIS

Lesin en retina

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Diagnosis and Treatment

:Microfilariae in blood films, bloodconcentrations.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is rapidlyeffective in killing the microfilariae;

studies with this drug are being carried

out by WHO. Ivermectin andcombinations of ivermectin and

albendazole are also tried.