Final Environmental Monitoring Report · Final Environmental Monitoring Report Bi-Annual Report December 2014 AFG: Western Basin Water Resources Management Project Prepared by

Final Environmental Monitoring Report

Bi-Annual Report December 2014

AFG: Western Basin Water Resources Management

Project

Prepared by Sheladia Associates Inc.(SAI), USA for the Project Management Unit under the Ministry of

Energy and Water of Afghanistan.

___________________________________________________________________________

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Final Environmental Monitoring Report

Project Number: 36252-013 December, 2014

Afghanistan: Western Basin Water Resources Management Project (WBWRMP) (Loan No. 2227, Grant No. 0033, Grant No. 0052)

Prepared by Sheladia & Associate Inc. (SAI), USA for the Project Management Unit under the Ministry of Energy and Water of Afghanistan

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 5

1.1 Objectives, Scope and Methodology ....................................................................................... 5

1.2. Project Description ..................................................................................................................... 6

1.3 Project Activities Progress ...................................................................................................... 10

2. LEGISLATION BASE AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ..................................................... 10

2.1 Legislation base ........................................................................................................................ 10

2.1.1. National Environmental Legislation ............................................................................... 10

2.1.2 Asian Development Bank’s Environmental Procedures ............................................. 13

2.1.3 Project permitting status .................................................................................................. 13

2.2 Institutional Capacity ................................................................................................................ 14

3. SITE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ............................... 16

4.1 Implementation of Site Environmental Management Plan ................................................. 16

4.2 Public disclosure during the Project implementation .......................................................... 16

4.3 Training activities ...................................................................................................................... 17

4. IEEs FOR PUL-E-HASHIMI AND SOUTH MAIN CANALs .................................................... 17

5. PROJECT’S ENVRIONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................... 18

5.1 Baseline data ............................................................................................................................. 18

5.2 Current situation and Project Impact assessment ............................................................... 21

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 24

6.1 On SEMP implementation ....................................................................................................... 24

6.2 On IEEs for Pul-e-Hashimi and South Main Canal Projects .............................................. 24

6.3 On Project Impact Assessment on Environment ................................................................. 24

ATTACHMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 25

Attachment 1-a: Site Environmental Management Plan for Sia Sang Canal I&U Project ............. 25

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Attachment 1-b: Site Environmental Management Plan for Ghoryan I&U Project ......................... 38

Attachment 2: Example of Socio-Economic Survey (2008-2009) ..................................................... 42

Attachment 3: Photos from Sia Sang Canal Project sites .................................................................. 45

Attachment 4: Photos from Ghoryan Canal Project sites ................................................................... 46

Attachment 5: Example of Socio-Economic Questionnaire (2008-2009) ........................................ 45

Attachment 6: Example of Project Impact Assessment Questionnaire (2014) ............................... 51

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ACCRONYMS

ADB - Asian Development Bank

CMP - Comprehensive Mitigation Plan

EIA - Environmental Impact Statement

EIS - Environmental Impact Statement

EMP - Environmental Management Plan

EO - Environmental Officer

FGD - Focus Group Discussion

FS - Feasibility Study

HRMRBA - Hari Rud Murghab River Basin Agency

ICB - International Contract Bidding

IEE - Initial Environmental Examination

IRA - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

IWRM - Integrated Water Resources Management

MAIL - Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock

MEW - Ministry of Energy and Water

MOF - Ministry of Finance

NEPA - National Environmental Protection Agency

NGO - Non-Governmental Organization

O&M - Operation and Maintenance

PAM - Project Administration Memorandum

PIC - Project Implementation Consultant

RBA - River Basin Authority

SEMP - Site Environmental Management Plan

SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement

WBWRMP - Western Basin Water Resources Management Project

WUA Water Users Association

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1. INTRODUCTION

1. The Western Basin Water Resource Management and Irrigated Agriculture Development

Project is a ‘sector’ project under the Natural Resources Sector in Afghanistan. The project was

based around the Hari Rud and Murghab River valley in Western Afghanistan and will be

referred to as the WBP in this document.

2. Work for preparing the feasibility study for WBWRM commenced in December 2004 and

was completed in July 20051. ADB has approved on 21 December 2005 a Loan of SDR42.446

million and a Grant of $14.5 million from ADB’s Special Funds resources to help finance the

Project2.

3. The WBWRMP sought to address key issues related to water use and management

primarily in the Hari Rud catchment/watershed. Herat is the main urban and commercial centre

in the basin and irrigated agriculture is a major activity close to the river where land is suitable

and to a limited extent around karezes. The irrigated area occupies a relatively small part of the

overall basin, most of which consists of rangelands and steep slopes with some high peaks to

over 4000 meters. It is a generally arid environment with limited ground cover and is heavily

utilized by different groups of people including migratory pastoralists.

1.1 Objectives, Scope and Methodology

5. The main objective of this report is to provide final assessment on implementation of Site

Environmental Management Plans (EMP), to report any other environmental concerns occurred

during project implementation, and to provide final environmental assessment of the Project

activities. The report is also prepared to comply with environmental safeguards of the

Government of the Afghanistan and ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (ADB, 2009) as well as

to fulfill the loan covenant as described in the Financial Agreement FAS: AFG 36252 between

ADB and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (IRA).

6. The final environmental monitoring report consist of three parts: (i) results of monitoring of

implementation of EMPs by 2 Contractors covering the period from February 2014 till December

2014, (ii) brief information on two IEEs developed within Pul-e-Hashimi canal and South Main

canal FSs, and (iii) results of final environmental assessment of whole Project.

7. First part of the report is based on findings from field monitoring trips conducted by

Project Management Unit (PMU)’s staff, environmental checklists filled by PMU’s Environmental

Officer during joint observations with Contractors. Second part provides short summary of the

main findings of IEEs. An Impact Assessment Report for WB Project prepared by Project

Implementation Consultant that includes Summary Questionnaire Survey Results conducted in

September 2014 was used for third part of the report.

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TA 4420 – AFG (TAR 36252-01) Final TA Report – July 2005

. Western Basins Water Resources management And Irrigated Agriculture Development Project

2 Project Administration Memorandum for the WBWRMP, June 2007

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1.2. Project Description

8. The overall goal of the Project is to improve rural livelihoods in the Project area through

strengthened integrated water resource management (IWRM), improved irrigation service

delivery, enhanced agricultural practices and increased productivity of irrigated agriculture in the

Hari Rud and the Murghab River Basins, which are spread in Badghis, Ghor, and Herat

provinces.

9. The Project has been implemented mainly in the Hari Rud River Basin as shown in

Figure 1. By July 2011, security conditions had not been amenable to conducting work in the

Murghab River Basin. When the work could not be started, the Murghab River Basin Project and

its office in Badghis was closed in December 2012. However, the project did complete

construction of a Hari Rud Sub-basin Agency building in Badghis, which now is occupied and

functioning.

Figure 1: Map with location of completed projects

10. The Project is implemented by the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) with the loan

and grant support of the ADB. Sheladia & Associate Inc. (SAI), USA provides technical support

to implement the three components of the project as a Project Implementation Consultant (PIC),

while Cowater, Canada supports implementing the capacity building component of the project.

11. The project consists of the following four components;

Component 1. Integrated Water Resource Management: (i) support IWRM and basin

management through technical activities, which include surface water investigations,

groundwater investigations and establishment of basin management information

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systems; (ii) undertake water allocation planning studies, and support development of

basin master plans; and (iii) enhance IWRM institutional and capacity development.

Component 2. Water Resources and Irrigation Development: (i) support irrigation

rehabilitation and upgrading in the Hari Rud river basins; (ii) support water resources

development; and (iii) support Mirab development and strengthen Mirabs’ capacity for

operation and maintenance (O&M).

Component 3. Agriculture and Livelihood Support Services: (i) assist in improving on-

farm water management; (ii) enhance cropping opportunities; and (iii) support livelihood

opportunities for women and the landless.

Component 4. Capacity Development and Project Management: (i) strengthen capacity

of the MEW, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), River Basin Agency

(RBA), and other project participants; and (ii) support the establishment of a PMU.

13. Construction activities have being implemented only within Component 2 - Water

Resources and Irrigation Development. Therefore, this environmental report provides

information only on the Component 2.

14. Component 2 included three types of activities. First type was physical works -

rehabilitation and upgrading of 6 large irrigation canal systems, second was construction of 9

office buildings for the HRMRBA and WUAs, and third was drilling of 7 test wells. To implement

these construction works more than 10 contracts between MEW and various Contractors were

concluded. At present, all physical works have been completed.

15. Summary information on the concluded contracts under WBWRMP is presented in

Table 1.

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Table 1: Detailed list of the Sub Projects - (WBWRMP-08.12.2014)3

S.N Description Contractor

Dates

Pro

gre

ss %

Status

Status of Final Hand

over Certificate/ After

Retention Period Start (NTP)

issued

Actual

Comp. Date

Canals R&U

1 Jui Nau Fast Track

Project

Arian Bana Construction

Company (ABCC) 16.Jan.2010 15.Feb.2011 100 Completed Issued

2 Jui Nau Main Canal R&U Project

Mumtaz Construction Group (MCG)

29.Sep.2010 10.Dec.2012 100 Completed Not issued yet

3 Kohsan Fast Track Project

Samandar Constriction and Producing Company

(SCPC) 19.Jan.2011 27.Feb.2012 100 Completed Not issued yet

4 Zinda Jan Canal R&U Project

Shahran Construction and Engineering Ltd (SCL)

05.Oct.2010 23.Mar.2013 100 Completed Not issued yet

5 Kohsan Main Canal R&U Project

Samandar Constriction and Producing Company

(SCPC) 17.Jun.2012 16.Dec.2013 100 Completed Not issued yet

6 Ghoryan Canal R&U Project

Afghan Sadaqat Construction Company

(ASCC) 14.Oct.2012 29.Jun.2014 100 Completed

Retention Period is not completed

7 Sia Sang Canal R&U Project

JV- National Gold / Samandar Construction and Building Companies

(JV-NGCC/SCBC)

17.Jul.2012 29.Nov.2014 100 Completed Retention Period is not

completed

8 Yahya Abad Canal R&U Project

Khudai Noor Barak Construction Company

(KNCC) 07.Jun.2012 08.Sep.2013 100 Completed Not issued yet

3 Source: Impact Assessment Report for WB Project (2014), Sheladia & Associate Inc. (SAI)

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Dates

Pro

gre

ss %

Status




issued

Actual

Comp. Date

Buildings Construction

9

3rd Floor of the

HRMRBA office building

in Herat

Samar Construction

Company (SCC) 24.Aug.2009 06.Sep.2010 100 Completed Issued

10 Ghor HRMRBA Sub-

basin office

Khudai Noor Barak

Construction Company

(KNCC)

19.Apr.2012 15.Dec.2012 100 Completed Issued

11 Badghis HRMRBA Sub-

basin office

Khwaja Abdul Mohayuddin

Construction Company

(KACC)

19-May-

2012 30.Spt.2012 100 Completed Issued

12 WUA Building (Sia Sang

Canal)

Raqim Office for Project

and Construction Services

(ROPCS)

22.Apr.2013 19.Oct.2013 100 Completed Issued

13 WUAs office Building Jui

Nau Canal Hadi Construction

Company (HCC) 17.Jun.2013 11.Dec.2013 100 Completed Not issued yet

14 WUAs office Buildings

Yahya Abad Canal

15 Office Building for

Kohsan Canal WUAs

Helal Khosti Construction

Company (HKCC) 27.May.2013 05.Jan.2014

100 Completed

Not issued yet 16 Office Building for

Ghoryan Canal WUA 100 Completed

17 Office Building for Zenda

Jan Canal WUA 100 Completed

Ground Water Study

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Package of drilling 10 test wells (3 in Gozara, 2 in Zendajan, 2 in Ghoryan, 1 in Kohsan, I in Injil and 1 in

Bright Pearl Construction Company (BPCC)

12.Dec.2012 09.Jan.2014 100 Completed Not issued yet

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Dates

Pro

gre

ss %

Status




issued

Actual

Comp. Date

Herat city)

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1.3 Project Activities Progress

16. The following paragraphs provide a brief description of project works conducted under

remaining 2 sub-projects - Ghoryan Canal and Sia Sang Canal R&U since only these two sub-

projects were on-going during the reporting period (March-December 2014). Four of the six

main sub-projects were completed in 2012-2013 and are discussed in the previous

Environmental Monitoring Report dated from February 2014. To date, only the Jui Nau Fast

Track Project construction works has received a construction completion certificate from the

HRMRBA, the National Agency responsible for operation and maintenance of all sub-projects

after their commissioning (the completion certificates for the rest of the projects are pending

completion of maintenance periods).

17. The Ghoryan Canal Rehabilitation Project has been completed 100% in 29 June

2014. The major structures constructed in this canal are headwork, canal reshaping, cover

canal, canal lining and cart/foot bridges, cross regulator, drops, river training, water divider, and

outlets. A total of 122 jobs of different structures were undertaken for the rehabilitation and

upgrading of this canal. The project was implemented by Afghan Sadaqat Construction

Company (ASCC).

18. The Sia Sang Rehabilitation Project has been completed 100 % in 29 November

2014. The major structures constructed in this canal are headwork, canal reshaping, cover

canal, canal lining and cart/foot bridges, cross regulator, drops, river training, water divider, and

outlets. A total of 122 jobs of different structures were undertaken for the rehabilitation and

upgrading of this canal. The project was implemented by the joint venture of the National Gold

Construction Company and Samandar Construction and Building Company (NGCC/SCBC).

2. LEGISLATION BASE AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY

2.1 Legislation base

2.1.1. National Environmental Legislation

23. The Government’s regulation on environmental impact assessment is based on the

Environmental Act of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Gazette No. 873), dated 29 Jadi, 1384

(19 January, 2006). The National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), as an independent

institutional entity, is responsible for coordinating and monitoring conservation and rehabilitation

of the environment, and for implementing this act. Article 16 and 17 of Chapter 3 of the Act

describes the process of preparing a preliminary assessment, an environmental impact

statement and a comprehensive mitigation plan to be conducted by the proponent of each

project. Article 21 mentions that public consultation is required for all the projects. Article 18

describes the approval procedure for environmental impact assessment study reports.

24. The NEPA will appoint an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Board of Experts to

review, assess and consider applications and documents submitted by the proponent. Acting on

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the advice of the EIA Board of Experts, NEPA shall either grant or refuse to a grant permit in

respect of the project. A permit will lapse if the proponent fails to implement the project within

three years of the date at which the permit was granted. Article 19 describes the appeal

procedure. Any person may within thirty (30) days of the granting or refusal of a permit, appeal

the decision to the Director- General of the NEPA. The Director-General shall review the appeal

application and thereafter make an appropriate decision. Should the appellant wish to appeal

the Director-General’s final decision, the matter shall be referred to the relevant court.

25. The flow chart presented in Figure 2 describes a general procedure of the

Environmental Assessment in Afghanistan. The chart was prepared on the basis of NEPA’s

chart4 (blue frame and writings) with incorporating amendments prepared by PMU’s and PIC’s

Environmental Expert (marked on red).

4 Introduction to " Environmental Impacts Evaluation", NEPA, IRA, 2007

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Figure 2: National Procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment

Yes

NEPA make the project owner to revise the report

Permission given

Project owner starts to work

Special committee of NEPA

reviews the revised report Permission by NEPA

Project owner can issue their objection within 30 days

NEPA considers the objection within 6 days and make a decision.

Adverse impact is determined

Screening of the project (Project Owner) Submission of proposing project by Project Owner

Assessment of Negative Environmental Impacts (NEPA) EIA Board of Experts makes decision

Collecting ideas About the Project (NEPA Office)

Yes No

Project owner starts work

Project owner updates IES or CMP and submits to NEPA

Revised IES or CMP address all env. impacts

No

Yes

NEPA make the project owner to prepare the environmental

assessment report

NEPA Issues the permission

Project owner prepare the Environmental

Impact Statement (EIS) or Comprehensive

Mitigation Plan (CMP) and submit it to NEPA

Project owner starts work

Special committee starts to evaluate the project impacts (EIS)

No Yes

IES or CMP address all env. impacts

Screening of the project (Project Owner) Submission of proposing project by Project Owner

Assessment of Negative Environmental Impacts (NEPA) EIA Board of Experts makes decision

Collecting ideas About the Project (NEPA Office)

Adverse impact is determined

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2.1.2 Asian Development Bank’s Environmental Procedures

26 The ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 sets out policy principles and

outlines the delivery process for ADB’s safeguard policy in relation to environmental safeguards.

The ADB has adopted a set of specific safeguard requirements that borrowers/clients are

required to meet in addressing environmental and social impacts and risks. ADB staff will

ensure that borrowers/clients comply with these requirements during project preparation and

implementation. Based on the results of the Rapid Environmental Assessment conducted at the

PPTA stage, all sub-projects were classified as category B (in accordance with ADB

classification) and required conducting Initial Environmental Examination (IEE).

27 The methodology for screening subproject activities by implementation activity was done

in consultation with the NEPA professionals. Potential impacts were initially assessed using the

checklist provided for irrigation projects in the ADB Environmental Guidelines for Selected

Agricultural and Natural Resources Development Projects (Supplementary Appendix D). While

conducting the public consultations, the NEPA professionals reviewed project activities and

visited the project areas (except Obe because of security concerns). They used the rapid

environmental assessment checklist to evaluate the subproject. They found no significant

impacts. The project strategy of rehabilitating and expanding existing systems to improve the

reliability of diversions and efficiency of water use, combined with groundwater resource

evaluation and use, and institutional development is expected to result in positive environmental

impacts5.

28 The IEE reports are helpful in the following way, they provide:

(i) basic information about the local environmental conditions of the project area and

what will be potential environmental impacts.

(ii) recommendations to mitigate potential environmental impact and describe how to

implement EMP.

(iii) a guideline how Environmental Monitoring Plans (EMPs) should be carried out.

2.1.3 Project permitting status

29 IEEs for all six subprojects were developed jointly by the Sheladia & Associate Inc.

(SAI), USA and the PMU for the MEW in 2010-12. The IEE reports were prepared to identify

potential negative impacts to the environment related to activities Component 2 of the Project

and to propose mitigation measures. The IEEs concluded that the rehabilitation works on the six

Project’s canals will not have any significant negative environmental impacts on the local

environment during construction and operation stages and that the identified minor impacts

5 Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors, WBWRMP, November 2005

s Sri W

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could be minimized by preventive measures to comply with the GOA and ADB environmental

requirements.

30 IEEs were prepared in English and all of them were approved by ADB. To ensure

implementation of environmental safeguards by Contractors appropriate requirements were

included in all contracts between MEW and Contractors. Particularly, paragraph 4.18 of part B

of Specific Provision of each Contracts states: “The Contractor will pursue a policy of

incorporating and integrating environmental consideration into their operations for the Project as

shown in the IEE, which is attached as volume 3 of 3 of this bidding documents”. Each Contract

included an appropriate IEE as an attachment.

31 At the begining stage of the consrtuction works each Contractor submitted to the PMU a

Site Envrionmental Plan (SEMP), which the Enivronmental Oficcer of the PMU reviewed. After

revising, those SEMPs which met all requirements of the IEE were approved by the PMU, and

for the SEMPs that didn’t comply with the requirements, the PMU provided comments with

request a to re-submit a revised version of SEMP. Finally all Contractors have SEMPs approved

by PMU.

2.2 Institutional Capacity

32 The Executing Agency for the Project was the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the

Implementation Agency is Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW). In 2007 under the MEW a PMU

was created to manage overall implementation of whole Project. In accordance with Project

Administration Memorandum (PAM) (2007) the PMU was responsible for day-to-day project

management, including, but not limited to:

Consultants/NGO recruitment

Procurement

Compliance of subprojects with ADB safeguard policies

Financial management

Monitoring and evaluation

Submission of quarterly progress reports and annual reports through MOF

Provision of overall inter-agency coordination for project activities

33 To meet ADB safeguard requirements the PMU engaged a full time EO who was in

charge for the Project’s environmental performance related to construction / rehabilitation

activities.

34 The EO was responsible to ensure timely submission of SEMPs by Contractors,

reviewing these SEMPs on compliance with IEEs requirements, conducting environmental audit

of construction sites.

35 The Project Consultant’s Environmental Specialist (ES) involved in the Project on a part-

time basis to assist the PMU’s EO in execution of environmental performance monitoring, and

preparing 6 IEEs for the sub-projects approved by Implementation Agency within WBWRMP. In

collaboration with PMU’s EO the ES has prepared 2 IEEs for the next Feasibility Studies (FS)

that were submitted to ADB for no-objection.

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36 Each Contractor designated a responsible person who was in charge for implementation

of SEMP on construction sites. An organizational chart of environmental performance within

WBWRMP is presented in the Figure 3.

Figure 3: Project Implementation Arrangements

37. It should be noted, that the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) also was

involved in the Project’s environmental performance as a member of a Project Implementation

Committee. The main objective of the Committee was to coordinate project implementation and

technical issues. The PIC met on quarterly base and discusses all project related issues,

including environmental aspects.

Ministry of Energy and Water

(MEW)

Project Management Unit (PMU)

Asian Development Bank

(ADB)

Project Consultant

International Environmental

Specialist

Environmental Officer (EO)

6 Contractors under the

WBWRMP

2 contracts have been completed in

2014

4 contracts have been completed in

2012-2013

Environmental Engineers

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38. Project Consultant team also met with NEPA representatives in order to discuss

environmental monitoring activity during the Project operation stage. In June 2014 two NEPA

representatives participated at the Public Consultations meeting that was conducted as part of

Public Disclosure Process in accordance with environmental legislation of the IRA and ADB

SPS (2009) requirements. More detail information about Public Consultation is provided in the

chapter 4.

3. SITE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Implementation of Site Environmental Management Plan

39. As was mentioned in para 31 of this report all contracts provided SEMPs developed on

the EMP base included into the Contracts’ documents. SEMPs for two reviewing sub-projects

are presented in the Attachment 1 (a-b).

42. In order to monitor implementation of SEMP by Contractors, the PMU’s Environmental

Officer has developed a checklist that included all EMP’s measures. Filled example of the

checklists for construction works under Ghoryan and Sia Sang Projects are presented in

Attachment 2.

43. To conduct a completion environmental audit the PMU’s staff visited construction sites

and observed compliance with general environmental requirements during the reported period.

They observed the completed works in the Ghoryan Canal sub-project, on-going and completed

works in Sia Sang Canal sub-project.

44. Several sites were observed in Sia Sang Canal sub-project: (i) completed head works

and canals, (ii) areas which were used for storage place of equipment and construction

materials. The audited site was clean, no residuals of construction wastes, observed oil spoils

were observed on the construction site. It was concluded that Contractor’s activity at this site

meet IEE/EMP’s requirements (Attachment 3).

45. Majority of Contractor’s laborers were local people living in the surrounding villages.

Therefore, there were no labor camps for workers.

46. Completed works were audited in the Ghoryan Canal sub-project. The site was clean,

no residuals of construction wastes, no oil spoils were observed. Excavated soil from the canal

was disposed and placed alongside with canal and currently is used as a road. As one of

Contractors contract’s covenants, vegetation activity was undertaken inside of the observed

canal to prevent erosion. This vegetation activity is supported by the local community and Water

Users Association. It was concluded that Contractor’s activity at this site meets IEE/EMP’s and

national Afghanistan environmental requirements (see Attachment 3 and 4 photos).

4.2 Public disclosure during the Project implementation

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47. The PMU and Contractors worked in collaboration with local communities at all

construction sites. Heads of local communities participated in the design and routing of new

canals, provide advice and requirements on conducting some type of activities.

48. Contractors also closely worked with local communities. They informed the communities

about planning activities in advance and Contractors coordinated their work schedule with

farmers’ activities. In some cases Contractors’ workers were accommodated in villages located

close to construction sites.

49. The PMU has established a Grievance Redress Mechanism in the PMU and on the

construction sites level. Logbooks for records complaints and comments received from

communities were delivered to Water User Association (WUA) of both project districts. Head of

WUA was appointed as a focal person for receiving complaints and informing PMU about them.

50. For the reported period no complaints were received from communities.

4.3 Training activities

51. The PMU’s EO and 3 representatives of Contractors (two managers and one engineer)

participated on the training “Improving the Implementation of Environmental Safeguards in

Central and West Asia“, organized by ADB within RETA 7548 in 23-25 December 2013. The

aim of the training was to provide knowledge of ADB environmental safeguard requirements

during project implementation to strengthen the environmental management and monitoring

capability of project Executing and Implementing organizations, as well as construction

Contractors and Supervision Consultants working on ADB-financed projects.

52. During the reporting period PMU’s EO and Project’s Consultant conducted on-jobs

training for Contractors on the regular base.

53. It should be noted that within Components 3 and 4 a number of trainings covering

advantageous water management practices, growing new crops and other topics were

conducted for more than 5500 people from project area.

4. IEEs FOR PUL-E-HASHIMI AND SOUTH MAIN CANALs

54. As part of the FSs two IEEs were prepared for Pul-e-Hashimi (PHM) and South Main

Canals (SMC) sub-projects. Environmental Assessment was conducted in accordance with

national environmental legislation of IRA and ADB SPS (2009).

55. During IEEs preparation the Project Consultant’s Environmental Expert and PMU’s EO

worked closely with the Project team, governmental organizations and community. The purpose

of IEE was collect information on areas where sub-projects are planning to be implemented,

identify the main impacts and develop appropriate mitigation measures in order to ensure that

planning activity will not adversely impact on surrounded environment. During assessment it

was identified that major impacts are expecting during project construction phase and the

impacts will be on air, soil and surface water.

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56. Most parts of construction activities were conducted in the areas remote from

settlements, therefore the majority of proposed mitigation measures are typical for constructions

of irrigation network and structures.

57. In accordance with requirements of Environmental Law of IRA (2005) and ADB SPS

(2009) Public Consultations (PC) were conducted in June 2014. Detail information about Public

Consultation is presented in IEEs that were submitted to ADB and NEPA.

58. In general, IEEs concluded that no significant impacts are expected during PHM and

SMC sub-projects implementation. However, the final decision on the project implementation

will be done after assessing water availability for this project in the Hari-Rud river.

5. PROJECT’S ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

59. In order to assess impacts of the Project on the environment, the current situation has

been compared with a baseline. The situation of the Project coverage area presented in the

IEE reports for 6 sub-projects within FS and results of socio-economic survey conducted in

2008-2009 by PMU in 4 projects areas (Zinda Jan, Ghoryan, Jui Nau, and Kohsan) were used

as a baseline.

60. Results of assessment survey conducted by the Project Consultant in September 2014

and results of observations conducted during the monitoring period were used for revision and

assessment of impacts that took place during the Project implementation.

5.1 Baseline data

61. IEEs were prepared as part of FS of six sub-project in 2009 and 2010. Environmental

Assessment was conducted in accordance with ADB Safeguard Policy. Baseline data from IEEs

were combined with results from Socio-economic survey and presented below.

62. Socio-economic survey was conducted in the form of Focus Group Discussions (FGD)

with inviting heads of villages located in the relevant Project districts. A moderator of FGD

(PMU’s EO) asked questions/issues (example of questionnaire is provided in Attachment 5) and

FGD’s participants discussed the topics and provided their comments and suggestions. The

number of participants in each FGD varied from 15 to 22.

63. Aggregated description of the baseline environment based on the data provided in IEEs

and Socio economic survey is presented in Table 2. The description provides information on

existing situation in term of air quality, water availability and its quality, soil resources, rare and

endangered species of flora and fauna, existence of historical and archeological heritage within

project areas. Possible causes of environmental problems related to these biosphere

components and their consequences also were discussed during the FGDs.

64. Analysis of the table shows that the baseline situation is quite similar for all 4 districts.

There are no anthropogenic sources of air pollution and only during the summer period air

pollution may have significant impact. This impact leads to health problems, silting of canal and

some participants mentioned about of road, settlements and irrigation lands pollution. Some

19

participants noted that such occurrences are being happened more often during the last

decades due to deforestation and overgrazing. The following were indicated as reasons of

deforestation: (i) lack of irrigation water limits to plant and cultivate trees and greens, (ii) low

income does not allow to buy fuel or pay for electricity and people have to cut trees and use it

as fuel, (iii) floods which inundate all greenery including trees.

65. Surface water from the Hari Rud river and adjusted canals serve as sources of irrigation

water for all observed villages. Almost all participants noted that surface water supply is not

reliable and people have to pump water from wells. Pumped water is costly and majority of

people could not pay for it and as consequences they could not grow anything in dry season. In

the situation when agriculture is the main source of income (in all observed villages), the

consequences of irrigation water shortage increase dramatically.

66. Ground water from deep wells are using as drinking water sources (though many

households have small shallow wells). Participants from Jui Nau and Kohsan FGDs indicated

that drinking water is saline. In some villages surface water from canals are using for washing,

bathing, and other uses as well.

67. FGDs participants assessed the soil quality as good and suitable for growing many

types of plants including high value crops such as saffron. They indicated that there are two

main constrains for growing such plants – water shortage/unreliable water supply and soil

erosion. In turn, soil erosion results to silting of irrigation canals (this problem was raised by

participants from Ghoryan), reducing plants and etc.

68. As per IEEs conclusion and results of FGDs, there are no rare and endangered species

of flora and fauna could be found in the project areas and there are no nature protected areas.

Flora and fauna represented as typical for steppe inhabitants. Some small fish and frogs are

observed in canals during the irrigation season, however when canals dry they move to other

places or die.

69. Floods were indicated as the main and significant problem occurring during the spring

and summer seasons. This statement was made by all participants. In some cases floods result

in not only damaging crops but to destroying houses and livestock mortality. Another adverse

consequence is flashing fertility level of soil.

70. According to information provided by FGDs participants, there are some historical and

archeological heritage sites in Zenda Jan area only. But all known heritage sites are located

far from the project works.

20

Table 2: Baseline data from the Project site (2008-2010)

# Distri

ct/Ca

nal

Data

of

issued

IEE

Data of

conducting

Socio-

economic

survey

Irrigation water

source problems

Drinking

water

source

problems

Growing plants

problems

Air

pollution

Soil quality problem Use of fertilizer

and chemicals

problems

Flood risk

1 Zinda

Jan

2009 Dec 2008 Canal, during the

dry season –

underground water

/ unreliable

Wells/kareze

s

Water

quality is

good

90 % of

farmland under

wheat, the rest

is under barely,

sesame, beans,

palez, fruit

Reshqa

Dust during

the summer

season

Soil quality is good

but due to often

floods cultivated area

is decreasing

Mostly organic.

Use of chemical

is very limited

due to lack of

funds

Floods - main

problems during the

summer time. It leads

to damaging 20% of

arable land,

destroying 10% of

houses and dying 5%

of livestock

2 Ghory

an

2010 Dec 2008 Main canal/

unreliable

Deep wells/

water quality

deteriorates

from center

village to the

outskirts

Wheat, barely,

palez, fruit

Reshqa.

Dust during

the summer

season

Due to lack of water

trees and vegetation

dried and soil erosion

brings sand to the

road, settlement, and

irrigation areas

Only organic

fertilizer,

chemicals are

too costly

Floods - main

problems during the

spring time

3 Jui

Nau

2009 Jan 2009 Main canal, during

the dry season -

pumping water. No

each farmer could

use such water –

too costly/ water is

too muddy (silted)

Pumping

wells/ salted

water

Wheat, barely,

palez, fruit

Reshqa.

Air pollution

caused by

strong wind.

Soil quality is good,

the main problem is

lack of irrigation water

Only organic

fertilizer,

chemicals are

too costly

Floods during the

spring season

4 Kohs

an

2010 Dec 2008 Surface water from

Harirud river. Water

is too muddy

Pumping

wells/ salted

water

wheat, barely,

sesame, beans,

vegetables,

tomatoes,

onions

Only seasonal

pollution

during the dry

season in

summer time

Soil quality is good,

the main problem is

lack of irrigation water

Only organic

fertilizer, people

would like to us

chemicals, but

they are too

costly

Floods during the

spring season brings

a lot of problems – it

destroys houses and

damages crops

21

5.2 Current situation and Project Impact assessment

64. Findings of the Impact Assessment Report for WBWRMP and results of Impact

Assessment Survey conducted by the Project Consultant team were used for evaluation of

current situation in the Project districts. The Impact Assessment Survey questionnaire (example

is provided in Attachment 6) included various questions on different topics, such as Details of

WBWRMP intervention, Impact on irrigated area, Impact on annual irrigation rotation, WUAs

performance and etc.

65. It is obvious that the Project has had significant positive social impacts: increasing

population incomes, improvements of livelihood, increasing variety of growing crops, enhancing

of water management institutions and etc. Detailed information about social impacts is

presented in a separate Impact Assessment Report for the WB Project. Most of the social

impacts are inseparably linked with environmental impacts that are reviewed below.

66. The Project impact on air quality was temporary and local, and related to construction

activity. At the current project operation stage the Project is not source of air pollution. Therefore

it could be concluded that there are no direct adverse impacts during the project operation and

maintenance stage.

67. At the same time, an indirect positive impact of the Project on air quality is expected

through improvement of water availability and soil stabilization. These achievements will allow

increasing planting trees and greens and, as consequences it should decrease level of air

pollution during the dry season.

68. Data provided in the Project completion report and field survey indicates improvement of

reliability of water supply, which was achieved through construction of headwork, lining

canals, introducing WUAs as a water resources management institution and advantageous

water resources management practices. As a result of these activities water use efficiency will

be improved which in the end allows improve natural resources management. All respondents

interviewed during the Impact Assessment Survey noted significant differences between water

losses from canals before and after the project implementation.

69. Construction of headwork together with other flood protection activities significantly

decreased flood risk in the project districts. As noted above all participants of Socio-economic

survey (2008-2009) indicated floods as the main factor adversely impact on arable lands,

houses and livestock during the spring and summer season. Results of Assessment survey

(2014) show that situation when irrigation systems are destroyed by floods dramatically

improved. Such, respondents indicated that the number of labors involved to repair works on

O&M of canals decreased by 75%. And there are no further needs to involve people for

repairing of water intakes damaged from floods (before the project implementation this number

varied from 300 to more than 900 workers).

70. Construction of gabions to strength riverbanks could be defined as the most visible

positive impact of the WBWRMP for decreasing soil erosion. As indicated, the WBWRMP has

22

made substantial investments on river training works, which focused mostly on the protection of

river intake and head reach canals. Below Figure 4 presents before and after situation of one of

its river training sites.

Figure 4: River bank before and after training works in Khosan district

71. Besides protecting intakes & head reach canals, such river training works also helped

protect the cultivated land. Without such river training works, much of the head reach cultivated

lands would have been already converted into riverbed.

72. Quantitative data on the reclamation of lands by river training works are not available in

all cases. However, farmers of Kohsan reported that the river training works implemented by the

project recovered about 50 to 60 Jiribs of land (10-12 ha) that was under the flood erosion.

Farmers also reported that had there been no river training works in their area, by now they

would have lost more than 500 Jiribs of land (100 ha) in the head reach portion of their system.

73. Along with direct and indirect project impacts on environment, certain adverse impacts

which may happen in the future need to be assessed as well. Expanding irrigated lands will

increase volume of water delivered to the fields. It may increase the ground water table and lead

to further salinization of soil. The irrigation network designed and constructed within this Project

use dried riverbeds as natural drains. However in case of further extension of irrigated lands,

the capacity of natural drains may be not enough for discharging excess irrigation water from

fields.

74. Therefore it is recommend to conduct monitoring of the groundwater table on a regular

base and undertake necessary measures in case of increasing a groundwater table. Taking into

consideration the existing situation in the project’s districts, when a majority of population uses

groundwater as a drinking water source, avoiding increasing the groundwater table is very

important.

75. Wells that will be used to monitor groundwater levels are the 10 deep observation wells

constructed in the WRMRBA and the system of 69 groundwater table monitoring wells

established in the WRMRBA using existing shallow wells in villages. A map showing the location

of those 69 wells is given in Figure 5.

23

Figure 5: Network of existing shallow wells established for monitoring water table levels

76. Improvement of the reliability of water supply together with introducing new

technology of growing various high value crops among farmer will increase income from

agriculture. As showed results of Socio-Economic survey (2008-2009), the main reason for

low/or not using of chemical fertilizers was lack of funds.

77. After increasing farmers and households incomes more fertilizer could be applied by

them. Overusing of chemicals or not following requirements for their storage and disposal may

also pollute soil and ground water. Therefore it is recommended to conduct trainings for farmers

and households on pest management and treatment of chemicals on the regular base.

24

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

78. Based on results of conducted monitoring the following conclusions and

recommendations are given:

6.1 On SEMP implementation

79. All Contractors have submitted their SEMPs to the PMU for review. The PMU’s

Environmental Engineer reviewed EMPs on compliance with EMP included into the IEEs. After

revising and updating per the PMU’s requests all SEMP were approved by the PMU.

80. Construction activities were conducted in accordance with SEMP approved by PMU.

Final observation of sites showed that there were no construction or domestics wastes after

project work completion.

81. The PMU’s Environmental Engineer and Contractors’ Engineers participated in the

environmental training on ADB safeguards implementation. Moreover, the PMU’s environmental

Engineer and Project’s Consultant provide on-job training for Contractors on the regular base.

6.2 On IEEs for Pul-e-Hashimi and South Main Canal Projects

82. Two IEEs were prepared in accordance in accordance with national environmental

legislation of IRA and ADB SPS (2009). No significant impacts are expecting during PHM and

SMC sub-projects implementation. However, the final decision on the project implementation

will be done after assessing water availability for this project in the Hari-Rud River.

83. In case the Government of Afghanistan decides to implement these sub-projects, it is

recommended to include in tender documents for Contractors proposed IEEs mitigation

measures and Environmental Management Plans.

6.3 On Project Impact Assessment on Environment

84. The Project has number of direct and indirect positive impacts on environment. For

example, riverbank protection works are visible and direct and can significantly decrease soil

erosion if done with proper training in the design and construction of these works (see Kohsan

works, Figure 4 above). Training in the design and construction of such works is

recommended so that this practice can be extended to other regions of Afghanistan with similar

riverbank erosion problems. These works are not sustainable if they are built improperly with

insufficient budget support as is the case in many places in Afghanistan and elsewhere.

25

85. Other positive and visible impacts are: decreasing of flood risks in the project areas,

increasing crop variation growing be farmers, and improvement of water resources

management, as part of natural resources management.

86. Besides short term and currently visible impacts there are a number of impacts which

could be observed in future: improvement of soil fertility, increasing amount of planted trees and

greens, and improving of air quality during the wind season.

87. In order to provide sustainable development of agriculture and livestock in the Project

area, expending of existing monitoring system of ground water and inclusion topics on modern

pest management in training for farmers and householders are recommended.

25

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 1-a: Site Environmental Management Plan for Sia Sang Canal I&U Project

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN (EMP)

Project Name:

Procurement of Works for Sia Sang Canal Rehabilitation Project, Ghor

Chaghcharan Province, Afghanistan.

(MEW-1426-ICB)

Submitted to:

Project Management Unit (PMU),

Hirat, Afghanistan.

Submitted by:

26

National Gold Construction Company and Samandar Construction Building

Company Joint Venture (NGCC & SCC JV)

NGCC & SCC JV ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)

1. Introduction:

Pollution and hazards caused by urban civil construction projects have become a serious

problem. Sources of pollution and hazards from construction sites include dust, harmful gases,

noises, blazing lights, solid and liquid wastes, ground movements, messy sites, fallen items, etc.

These types of pollution and hazards can not only annoy residents nearby, but also affect the

health and well-being of people in the entire city. For example, in big cities such as Kabul and

Kandahar, air quality has been deteriorating due to extensive urban redevelopment activities.

NGCC & SCC JV EMS provides a systematic approach to dealing with environmental pollution

caused by construction projects. This approach allows for both qualitative analysis and control

and quantitative assessments through measuring the Construction Pollution Index (CPI). We

believe that the qualitative assessment and control method is useful because it can provide

construction project managers with essential knowledge on how to limit environmental pollution

to its minimum. The CPI is also necessary as it can be used to quantitatively measure the degree

of pollution caused by particular construction projects. The concept of CPI can also help

construction project managers to re-arrange and revise construction plans and schedules in order

to reduce the level of pollution and disturbance.

2. Environmental Management System (EMS) Model:

Management

Review

Review

Planning

Implementation

Checking

Corrective Action

27

2.1. POLICY:

Environmental Policy for the project will be developed by NGCC & SCC JV senior management

team. The environmental policy is a statement by the organization of its intentions and

principles in relation to its overall environmental performance which provides a framework for

action and for the setting of its environmental objectives and targets. It will be communicated to

all employees and sub-contractors via site inductions and tool box talks and will be displayed on

various notice boards throughout the construction sites. The policy should also be available to

the public.

2.2. PLANNING:

The core document of the EMS is the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The EMP is the

lead environmental management document that defines the procedures for achieving the

objectives set out in the Environmental Policy and identified environmental performance targets

for the project.

The EMP provides the framework for which commitments made in the ES or any requirements

of planning conditions can be realized. The EMP outlines NGCC & SCC JV approach to

environmental management throughout the construction phases with the primary aim of reducing

any adverse impacts from construction on local sensitive receivers.

2.3. RESPONSIBILITIES:

2.3.1. RESPONSIBILITIES OF NGCC & SCC JV ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGER:

The project environmental manager would be responsible for coordinating and managing all the

environmental activities during the construction phase. The project environmental manager

would carry out the following duties:

• Develop and review the CEMP, Construction Method Statements (CMS’s), work

instructions (WIs) and other specialist procedures.

• Identify environmental competence requirements for all staff working on the project and

ensure delivery of environmental training to personnel within the project team.

• Review and improve method statements for environmental aspects prior to work starting.

• Monitor construction activities performance to ensure that identified and appropriate

control measures are effective and ensure compliance with the CEMP

• Act as main point of contact between the regulatory authorities and the project on

environmental issues

• In conjunction with the site environmental representatives, overall monitoring of the

programmer for the environmental works, and provision of status reports as necessary

28

• Provision of advice and liaison with the construction teams to ensure that environmental

risks are identified and appropriate controls are developed and included within method

statements

• Assistance in the development and delivery of environmental training for site personnel

and sub-contractors

• Liaison with the client’s environmental manager

• Liaison with the project’s public liaison officer

• Management of the environmental monitoring programmer, including noise, vibration

and dust and review of the routine reports

• Environmental audit of subcontractors and suppliers.

2.3.2. RESPONSIBILITIES OF NGCC & SCC JV ENVIRONMENTAL REPRESENTATIVE/SITE FOREMAN:

The site environmental Representative/Site Foreman would report to the project environmental

manager and would be directly involved in managing and co-coordinating environmental

activities on-site. These would include:

• Assist environmental manager in developing and maintaining the CEMP, CMS, WIs and

various registers and checklists

• Monitor construction activities to ensure that identified and appropriate control measures

are effective and in compliance with the CEMP

• Undertake weekly site inspections, initiate actions, and complete a weekly environmental

inspection report

• Maintain training register, identify training needs and provide training where required

• Provide advice and assistance to site personnel on environmental matters

• Assist site foreman in maintaining environmental records

• Assist in investigating and resolving complaints

• Undertake monitoring when required

• Ensure correct procedures are followed in the event of an environmental incident

• Dissemination of waste reduction and waste management procedures to all relevant

personnel on site

• Implement and maintain environmental controls on site.

• Attend to any spills or environmental incident that may occur on site

• Report any activity that has resulted, or has the potential to result, in an environmental

incident

• immediately to the site environmental representative/environmental manager

• Complete daily environmental log

• Maintain waste register and ensure correct waste management procedures are being

implemented

2.4. IMPLEMENTATION:

29

2.4.1. CONSTRUCTION METHOD STATEMENT:

The EMP provides the overall project strategy for management of environmental issues;

however, a Construction Method Statement (CMS) will address environmental

management issues at a site level. The CMS provides an environmental manual for use

by management and construction staff involved in the works. It addresses the

environmental issues that are specific to an activity and/or site. CMS’s should be

produced for all major construction activities and/or major construction sites.

2.4.2. WORK INSTRUCTIONS:

Environmental work instructions (WI’s) are the most detailed form of environmental controls

and provide “hands on” directions for on-site staff. They are related to specific environmental

aspects on-site and provide clear and concise instruction to site personnel in dealing with

situations such as:

• environmental incidents

• adverse weather conditions

• complaints

• controls and commitments detailed in the EMP and CMS’s

• a trigger point contained in the environmental inspection checklist or log

• general good site practice

2.5. CHECKING & CORRECTIVE ACTION:

2.5.1. MONITORING & REPORTING:

Monitoring is an integral part of the EMS as it establishes how the project is performing

against objectives and targets set in the EMP. A schedule and procedures for monitoring

and reporting should be developed at the outset in order to:

• identify any negative impacts from construction activities

• assess the effectiveness of control measures

• demonstrate compliance with regulatory conditions and objectives and targets set in the

EMP

• Identify if further controls/corrective action is required

Regular monitoring and reporting of dust, noise, vibration and water quality will be required

by the regulatory authority. The frequency of this monitoring and reporting will largely be

dictated by requirements of the controls and commitments detailed in the EMP and CMS’s a

trigger point contained in the environmental inspection checklist or log general good site

practice.

30

2.5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTIONS, AUDITS & REGISTERS:

In addition to the routine monitoring detailed above a schedule of regular inspections, audits

and reporting will be required by the NGCC & SCC JV. These inspections etc will provide a

record of site conditions and activities and provide a mechanism by which the NGCC & SCC

JV can establish the effectiveness of its EMP.

These checklists and reports should be kept at each site office and should be updated and

used in the day to day operation of the site.

The client will also develop a schedule of inspections and auditing of the NGCC & SCC JV’s

EMP in order to ensure that established standards of environmental controls are being

maintained by the NGCC & SCC JV.

2.5.3. COMPLIANCE AND NON-CONFORMANCE/CORRECTIVE ACTION:

If criteria within the EMP are not fulfilled and appropriate and corrective action is not taken a

non-conformance may be raised by the environmental manager. Examples of circumstances

where this may arise include:

• Receipt of a complaint regarding pollution or other environmental impacts caused by the

project

• Departure from approved or agreed procedures

• Non-conformance identified as a consequence of any self-assessment, formal audit or other

environmental survey or inspection

Corrective action may include changes to work instructions (frequency of testing, test

method etc.), alterations to the CMS, further staff training etc. Non conformances should be

reviewed by the environmental manager and form part of construction meeting agendas.

In addition, non-conformance/corrective action report can be issued to NGCC & SCC JV by

the client. It is the responsibility of NGCC & SCC JV to immediately initiate corrective

actions and, once completed, provide details of the actions undertaken on the non-

conformance/corrective action report and return it signed to the client’s environmental

manager within an agreed timeframe. If the non-conformance is considered to breach

legislative requirements, the breach should be reported to the appropriate public authority.

2.6. MANAGEMENT REVIEW:

Review triggers will be set in order to maintain the suitability and effectiveness of the EMP.

A review would be carried out when triggers such as the following are met:

31

• As a minimum annually

• If required as a corrective and/or preventative action in response to an environmental

incident or the outcomes of an environmental audit

• If required by a statutory body

3. Qualitative Analysis Of Pollution And Hazards Generated From urban

Construction Projects:

Sources of pollution and/or hazards from construction activities can be divided into seven major

types: dusts, harmful gases, noises, solid and liquid wastes, fallen objects, ground movements

and others. In order to reduce and prevent the pollution and hazards, it is necessary to identify

the construction operations that generate the sources. In Table 1, construction activities that

generate pollution and hazards, and corresponding methods for prevention are listed.

Table 1 Causes of pollution and hazards and preventive methods

Type Causes Methods to prevent

Dust Demolition, Rock blast Static crushing / Chemical breaking

Excavation, Rock drilling Static crushing / Chemical breaking /

Wet excavation / Wet drilling

Open-air rock power and soil Covering / Wet construction

Open-air site and structure Wet keeping / Site clearing / Mask

Bulk material transportation Awning / Concrete goods /

Washing transporting equipment

Bulk material loading and unloading Concrete goods / Packing and awning /

Wet keeping

Open-air material Awning / Storehouse

Transportation equipment Cleaning

Concrete and mortar making Concrete goods

Harmful gases Construction machine-Pile driver Hydraulic piling equipment

Construction machine-crane Electric machine

Construction machine-Electric welder Bolt connection / Pressure connection

Construction machine-Transporting Night shift

equipment

Construction machine-Scraper

Organic solvent Poison-free solvent

Electric welding Bolt connection / Pressure connection

Cutting Laser cutting

Noises Demolition Static crushing / Chemical breaking

Construction machine-Pile driver Hydraulic pile equipment

Construction machine-crane Electric machine

32

Construction machine-Rock drill Static crushing / Chemical breaking

Construction machine-Mixing Concrete goods / Prefabricated

component

machinery

Construction machine-Cutting machine Laser cutting machine / Prefabricated

component / Soundproof room

Construction machine-Transporting

equipment

Construction machine-Scraper

Ground Movements Demolition Static crushing / Chemical breaking

Pile driving Static pressing-in pile

Forced ramming Static compacting

Wastes solid-state waste-Building Prefabricated component / Recovery

material waste

solid-state waste-Building Recovery

material package Recovery

Liquid waste-Mud / Building

material waste

Liquid waste-Machinery oil Material saving

Fallen Objects solid-state waste-Building Recycle of solid waste /

material waste Technology improvement

solid-state waste-Building Recovery

material package

Liquid waste-Mud / Building Technology improving / Recovery

material waste

Liquid waste-Construction water Recovery

Construction tools-Scaffold Safety control / Reliable tools

and board

Construction tools-Model plate Technology improving / Safety control

Construction tools-Building material Technology improving / Recovery

Construction tools-Sling / Others Safety control

Others Urban transportation-Road Enclosing wall / Night shift /

33

encroachment underground construction

Civic safety-Demolition Static crushing / Chemical breaking

Civic safety-Automobile Overloading forbidden / Speed limiting

transportation

Civic safety-Tower crane Safety control

Civic safety-Construction elevator Safety control

Civic safety-Foundation / Earth dam Safety control

Urban landscape-Structure exposed Masking

Urban landscape-Night lighting Using projection lamp

Urban landscape-Electric-arc light Bolt connection / Pressure connection /

Prefabricated component

Urban landscape-Mud / Waste water Drainage organization

Urban landscape-Civic facility Technology improving /

destruction Plan preconception

Methods for preventing pollution and hazards can be divided into the following four categories:

Technology

This category recommends a range of advanced construction technologies which can reduce the

amount of dust, harmful gases, noise, solid and liquid wastes, fallen objects, ground movements

and others. For example, replacing the impact hammer pile driver with the hydraulic piling

machine can significantly reduce the level of noise generated by the piling operation.

Managerial

This category recommends the use of modern construction management methods which may

help reduce the amount of dusts, noises, solid and liquid wastes, fallen objects and others.

Planning This category emphasizes on revising and re-arranging construction schedules to reduce the aggregation

of pollution and hazards. This category has effect on dusts, noises, solid and liquid wastes, fallen objects,

ground movements and others.

Building material Better building material can also help reduce pollution and hazards. This category has effect on harmful

gases, fallen objects, ground movements and others.

The four categories of preventive methods and their effects are also summarized in table 2.

34

Table 2 countermeasures of construction pollution in urban civil engineering and their

effects

Category Pollution and hazards

Note: α – More Effective, ∞ – Partial Effective, β – Non Effective.

NGCC & SCC JV believes that by adopting the above preventive methods, it is possible to

effectively control and reduce the amount of pollution and hazards generated from construction

activities. In order to further analyze the effect of pollution and hazards, the next section

describes a method to quantify the amount of pollution and hazards generated by a construction

project.

4. Quantitative analysis of pollution and hazards in urban Construction projects:

As a construction project spans over a year or even longer, the methods for quantitative analysis

have to be a continuous monitoring and assessment of the whole project duration. In this section,

we present a method to quantatively measure the amount of pollution and hazards generated by a

construction project within its project duration. The method sets to measure the Construction

Pollution Index (CPI), as shown in formula 1.

Note:

CPI — Construction Pollution Index of an urban construction project.

CPi— Construction Pollution Index of a specific construction operation i.

hi — hazard magnitude per unit of time generated by a specific construction operation i.

Di— Duration of the construction operation I that generates hazard h

Dusts

Harmful

gases Noises

Ground

movements Wastes

Fallen

objects Others

Technological methods α α α α α α α

Managerial methods α β α β α α α

Planning methods α β α β ∞ β α

Building material methods β α β ∞ β β ∞

35

n — Number of construction operations that generate pollution and hazards.

In formula 1, parameter hi is a relative value indicating the magnitude of hazard generated by a

particular construction operation in a unit of time. Its value is limited in the range of [0,1]. If hi

=1, it means that the hazard can cause fatal damage or catastrophes to people and/or properties

nearby. For example, if a construction operation can generate some noise and the sound level at

the receiving end exceeds the ‘threshold of pain’, which is 140 dB, then the value of for this

particular construction operation is 1. If hi = 0, then it indicates that no hazard is detectable from

a construction operation. It is possible to identify values of hi for all types of pollution and

hazards generated by commonly used construction operations and methods. For example,

according to the information on sound emission from piling driven machines, as well as the types

of piles, we can formulate the content of Table 3 which contains values of hi for some piling

operations.

Table 3: Values of hi for some piling operations

Piling operations hi value

(per day)

1 Prefabricated concrete piles using

drop hammer driver

0.5

2 Sheet steel piles using drop-

hammer driver

0.6


hydraulic piling driver

0.2

4 Sheet steel piles using hydraulic

piling driver

0.3

5 Bored piling 0.1

6 Sheet steel piles using drop-

hammer driver

0.7


static pressing-in driver

0.2

Information and data such as the emission of noise levels, harmful gases and wastes are normally

available in the specifications of relevant construction machinery and plant, or can be

conveniently measured. These data can then be converted to hi values by normalizing them into

the range of [0,1]. In case that there is no data available for such conversion, and then hi values

have to be decided based on user’s experience and expert opinions.

It is also very useful to create a CPI bar chart. A CPI bar chart is very similar to the ordinary bar

value for the corresponding construction operation. By integrating the concept of CPI into MS

Project, which is a commonly used tool for construction project management, we can develop a

system to neatly combine environmental management with project management. H charts used in

36

construction scheduling, except that the thickness of the bars represents the h values are listed

beside their corresponding construction operations. As the height of a bar represents the hi value,

the area of the bar represents the CPI value of the construction operation. The aggregation of the

thicknesses of bars, as indicated at the bottom of the bar chart, represents the distribution of the

CPI value along the whole project duration. This distribution is particularly useful for project

managers to identify the periods when the project will generate the highest amount of pollution

and hazards. Therefore, preventive methods such as those listed in Table 1 can be used to reduce

the amount of pollution and hazards during those periods.

5. Conclusions:

In order to tackle pollution and hazards generated by urban construction projects, we first

presented a qualitative system to identify and to categories sources of pollution and hazards on

construction sites. Methods for preventing or reducing the amount of pollution and hazards at the

sources are provided. Then, a method is presented to quantitatively measure the construction

pollution index (CPI) which indicates the accumulated pollution and hazards generated from a

construction site. Integrated with MS Project, popular scheduling software used by construction

professionals in Afghanistan, we developed a computer tool which can automatically generate

the pollution and hazards distribution diagram over the project duration. The distribution

diagram can assist project managers to identify worst periods in terms of emission of pollution,

and to take necessary preventive measures to reduce the amount of pollution and hazards. The

computer tool is being tested on different projects, and detailed descriptions of the computer tool

and its test results will be reported in the future.

6. Chart:

Notes:

Environmental Policy: the environmental policy and the requirements to pursue this policy via

objectives, targets, and environmental programs

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

Planning Management Overview

Implementation &

Operation

Checking & Corrective

Action

37

Planning: the analysis of the environmental aspects of the organization (including its processes,

products and services as well as the goods and services used by the organization;

Implementation and operation: implementation and organization of processes to control and

improve operational activities that is critical from an environmental perspective (including both

products and services of an organization)

Checking and corrective action: checking and corrective action including the monitoring,

measurement, and recording of the characteristics and activities that can have a significant

impact on the environment

Management Review: review of the EMS by the organization's top management to ensure its

continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness

38

Attachment 1-b: Site Environmental Management Plan for Ghoryan R&U Project

39

40

41

42

Attachment 2: Example of Socio-Economic Survey (2008-2009)

43

44

45

Attachment 3: Photos from Sia Sang Canal Project sites

Canal lining in Sia Sang canal sub-project

Lining of the Sia Sang Main Canal R&U Project

Under Sluice of the head work Sia Sang/Puzelich

Outlet structures of the Sia Sang canal R&U project

Gabion to protect Sia Sang canal banks from river erosion

Impact on flora and fauna was minimized

46

Attachment 4: Photos from Ghoryan Canal Project sites

Cross regulator at Ghoryan Main Canal R&U Project

Gabion work for the river bank Ghoryan canal

Lining of the Ghoryan canal

Bank protection of the Ghoryan canal

Lining of Ghoryan Main canal & culvert construction

Head work Regulator of the Ghoryan main canal

47

Ghoryan Head works under sluice

Lining of the Ghoryan main canal

48

Attachment 5: Example of Socio-Economic Questionnaire (2008-2009)

49

50

51

52

51

Attachment 6: Example of Project Impact Assessment Questionnaire (2014)

Impact Evaluation of WRBWRMP Summary of questionnaire survey result

Name of Irrigation system, Zenda Jan Yahya Abad Kohsan

Date of interview (Farmer) 13/9/2014 18/9/2014 15/9/2014 Date of interview (WUA) 13/9/2014 18/9/2014 15/9/2014

Interviewed by (Farmer) Qadi, Rahim and Shakoor Qadi, Rahim and Shakoor Qadi, Rahim and Shakoor Interviewed by ( WUA) Qadi, Rahim and Shakoor Qadi, Rahim and Shakoor Qadi, Rahim and Shakoor 1 Physical

system Intake Permanent Permanent Permanent

Length of MC (Km) 31 31 29.6

Outlet type Open cut Open cut Open cut

No of water users 2016 1434 996

Basis of water allocation

As per water right As per water right As per water right

No of Mirabs 4 4 2

Details of structures

Bifurcating structures: 3 Cross regulators: 3 Outlets: 26 Canal bottom escape: 6 Weirs: 1



2 Details of

WBWRMP

intervention

Five key

intervention

1. Building new Intake 2. Rehabilitation of

canal 3. Training 4. Demonstration of drip

& improvement of the outlets

5. WUA formation

6. Building new Intake 7. Rehabilitation of

canal 8. Training 9. Demonstration of drip

& improvement of the outlets

10. WUA formation

11. Building new Intake 12. Rehabilitation of canal 13. Training 14. Demonstration of drip &

improvement of the outlets

15. WUA formation

Five key benefits

(on priority basis)

16. Water supply more reliable

17. Water supply &command area

21. Water supply mor\\e reliable

22. Water supply &command area

26. Water supply more reliable

27. System sustainability increased

52


increased 18. System sustainability

increased 19. Improved water

management 20. More knowledge

gained through training

increased 23. System sustainability

increased 24. Improved water

management 25. More knowledge

gained through training

28. Water supply &command area increased

29. More knowledge gained through training

30. Improved water management

Any change in

socio institutional

aspects?

Yes Yes Yes

Remarks Canal was breached at intake

by flood, it was closed, now

functioning

Water is more in the system

,no more leakage, water

losses are prevented, system

operation is easy etc

Water is more in the system ,no

more leakage, water lossess are

prevented, system operation is

easy etc

Information on

previous

intervention

No information available No information available No information available

3 Impact on

irrigated area

(ha)

Yes / No Yes Yes Yes

Increase in area

(%)

Winter 100 100 100

Summer 20-25 25-35 20-30

Reason 31. More water due to new intake,

32. More water due to rehabilitated canal


34. Improved agriculture

36. More water due to new intake,




41. More water due to new intake,




53


practices 35. WUA management



Remarks No of crops per unit area

increased, more yield, more

area, diversified crops

No of crops per unit area



No of crops per unit area



4 Impact on

annual

irrigation

rotation

Yes / no Yes Yes Yes

Head Before Once in 3 years No annual rotation Once in 3 years

After No annual rotation No annual rotation No annual rotation

Middle Before Once in 3 years Once in 2 years Once in 3 years


Tail Before Once in 3 years Once in 3 years Once in 3 years


5 Impact on

flow reliability

and O&M

Days intake is

closed for O&M

Before 8 25 7

After No data No data No data

Days canal is

closed for O&M

Before 40 40 12

After 8 11 6

Labor for intake

O&M

Before 296 *8 104*25 924*7

After No data

Labor for canal Before 296 *40 = 11840 104*40 12*924

54


O&M After 296 *8 = 2368 104*11 6*924

O&M source Farmers Farmers Farmers

Basis of Resource

mobilization

As per water rights As per water rights As per water rights

6 Adequacy,

reliability,

Equity, &

Efficiency

Water

Sufficiency?

Yes/No Yes Yes Yes

If no why

Is WD reliable? Yes/No Yes Yes Yes

If no, why

Is WD fair? Yes / No Yes Yes Yes

If no, why

Change in WD

after intervention

Yes / No Yes Yes Yes

If yes, (?)

Remarks System improved; leakages &

water losses controlled because

water distribution is uniform and

fair.

System improved; leakages

&water losses controlled

because of that water

distribution is uniform and fair.

System improved, leakages &

water losses controlled because

the water distribution is uniform

and fairr.

7 Assessment

of water

losses

Main canal Before High High High

After Low Low Low

Distribution Before High High High

55


system After Low Low Low

8 Water

disputes

Common? Yes/ No

If, Yes Frequency Seldom Seldom Seldom

Common causes Plot size with respect to water

supply

Plot size with respect to water

supply

Plot size with respect to water

supply

Responsible for

dispute resolution

WUA WUA WUA

9 Formal WUA Existence of

WUA?

Yes/ No Yes Yes Yes

If Yes, Main role Manage meeting, regulate

water rights and resolve

disputes

Manage meeting, regulate

water rights and resolve

disputes

Manage meeting, regulate water

rights and resolve disputes

How it is

different

from

Mirab?

Officially registered; have legal

entity; trained; work in group





Remarks They will have machinery and

equipment for maintenance of

their system and can generate

fund for WUA functioning

They will have machinery and




They will have machinery and




Is formal WUA

required?

Yes/No Yes

Reason 46. Arrange O&M schedules

47. Manage system

49. Arrange O&M schedules

50. Manage system

52. Arrange O&M schedules 53. Manage system 54. Solve community

56


48. Solve community problems

51. Solve community problems

problems

10 Functioning of

WUA

Frequency of

general meeting?

Twice a year Twice a year Twice a year

Who calls

meeting?

Chairman or board of director Chairman or board of director Chairman or board of director

Common meeting

agenda

Resources mobilization for

O&M; election / selection of

executive body; financial issue;

water allocation; dispute

resolution

Resources mobilization for

O&M; election / selection of

executive body; financial issue;

water allocation; dispute

resolution

Resources mobilization for O&M;

election / selection of executive

body; financial issue; water

allocation; dispute resolution

How resolution is

passed?

Vote Vote Vote

Meeting minute

maintained?

Yes Yes Yes

Remuneration of

executive body?

No remuneration but they have

dignity rights in the society





Process of

decision making?

WUA regulation WUA regulation WUA regulation

Documents

Final Environmental Monitoring Report · Final Environmental Monitoring Report Bi-Annual Report December 2014 AFG: Western Basin Water Resources Management Project Prepared by