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h h o j Z g g b y - World Health Organization · ] b ] b _ g u b l j h i b q _ k d h c f _ ^ b p b g u. K b k l _ f u a ^ j Z \ h h o j Z g _ g b y \ i _ j _ o h ^ g u c i _ j b h

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ii

– , ,

, , “”,

.

2001 .

:Samvel G. Hovhannisyan,

Ellie Tragakes, Suszy Lessof,Hrair Aslanian Ararat Mkrtchyan

.

.......................................................................................................... i............................................................................... iii

........................................................................ 1............................................................................................. 1............................................................................................. 5

........................................................................ 8........................................ 8

, ....................................................... 18....................................................... 24

............................................... 28..................................... 28

: ................. 32..................................................... 34

.................................................................... 37............................................................................ 43

................................................................................................. 43.................................... 50

............................................................................................. 56...................................................................... 58

............... 63............................................................................. 67

........................ 67..................................................................................... 69

................................................................................. 71.............................................................................................. 74

....................................................................................................... 74............................................................. 76

........................................................................................ 80............................................................................................................................ 85

.................................................................................................................. 87

1

– ,, 29 800 2, – ,

– , – , – . 127 / 2,

67% ,.

11 , ( ,

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,.

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. , 1915 1922 . ,

1,5 . .

1918 .,

. , ,, 1920 . (

). 1920 .

, ,1936 ., .

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) (), .

2

1. 1

: Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, 2000.

1988 ., .

, 1991 .

. 1992 ..

1993 .. 1994 . –

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-.

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, 131 ., 1995 . ,

,, ,

,

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,, , ,

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;. ,

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, 11 000% 1993 . –.

( ) 1993 .,, 1994 . ,

( ).- ,

, ,. 1994 .,

5–7% ( 1997 ., 3,1%). 1998 . 9%, 2000 .

( -0,4%), .

. 44,4% 1990 . 23,4% 1998 ., ,

, ,. , 1994 .,

, ,

, ., , ,

10% , 1992 .

2 30% 40% ,- . 25 000 .

4

1992 ., ,, , ,

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– , - , 20% .

, ,. ,

, , ,, ,

,. ,

, ,,

.

, 1998 . 3 798 200 . , .

, ( 300 000–500 000 )

, 700 000 ,. ,

, , , - ,.

, 1989 ., 93,3% , 2,6% – , 1,7% – 1,5% – .

. , 17,3 1000 1990 . 3,3 1999 .

,4 , 1,5

, 2,5 – ( , , ).

,, .

– . (

), – ,, , ,

, .

3 . Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile, 1999–2000.

5

, 55% , , 20% .

, , ,/ , 80%, 85%

67%.

.

,. , 1980-

,, , 1990- ,

, 74,7 1999 . 1990- -

- , ,. ,

, - / .

.,

.,

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, 1992–1994 .

1.

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

( ) 72.58 71.15 72.99 74.08 74.701 1000 18.04 17.75 14.24 15.41 15.672 100 000 23.13 27.10 34.72 38.70 32.901 – .2 – .

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, .,

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15

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,( 2000 .

25% , 50% ).

. 80%,.,

. 1995 . ,

,.

,,

,.

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,. ,

,,

16

8.

. , ( ,

) .

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, , . (

)., , .

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1992 ., 1996 ., -

,.

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.

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8 ,.

9 .

17

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:

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.

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• : ,.

• AGBU ( ):.

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, .

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( ); .

• ( ): 1988 .,

.

• Aznavour pour l’Arménie: “ ” .

, ,.

18

• FAR ( ):,

. ,-

.

• Medical Outreach, UMAF / , UMAF/ , UMAF/ , Equilibre, (WRF).

• OXFAM: .

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.

19

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1998 .,.

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., – ,

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11 ,, .

20

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.

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, ,.

.,

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.

12 ,.

21

1990- ,.

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.,

.

( 1990- 1998 .)

25

,,

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,

.

.

1998 .,

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, ,.

, 1996 .

.,

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, (

), 1998 ..

, ,,

,, .

26

,,

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1994 .,.

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.

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.

2000 . , “ ”,

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27

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28

, 1996 .,. 1996 .

,.

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1996 . “”, , ,

,, ,

. 1997 . ,

, .

,,

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.

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,, ,

.

29

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.

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.

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15 . 2000 . , “

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,

2000 .

. , , :

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1998 . .

,, .

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33

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.

34

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.

,, , ,

.“ ” ,

, ,

,.

, ,.

,.

, 155 . (1999 .), 25%

, 15% – 60% – .

,.

2. 1999/2000

25%–

60%–

15%

: .

,

. ,,

. 1996 .,

35

.,

, ,. ,

,.

, ( , , ,, ,

), ,

.,

.

,

. .

,.

,, ,

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,.

. , 1990-

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,,

.,

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36

3,5–4 .

. ,,

.

-, ,

,

. 20%

.:

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.

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.

• ,,

,.

•.

, 2000 . “ ”17 ,

,

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,,

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17 “”,

.

37

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.

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.

1998 . “-

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, ; ),

,,

.

-- ,

. , 1990-, .

38

, ,.

18.

3.

( .) . ( .) ( .) . ( .) %1995 101 164 249 12 629 31 12.51996 98 092 237 13 161 32 13.41997 117 938 240 12 343 25 10.51998 160 784 322 17 651 35 11.01999 191 692 358 20 531 38 10.7

: .

199 3 1999 . 20 531 . ,

4 151 . ( 20%) , 16 . ( 80%) – .

, 3,

. 1995–1999 .,

, 10% 1999 .,.

,. ,

,, , ,

.

, , ,; , , 2000 . (

3) 48,3%, – 64,6%

. ,

,.

18 , . , , 1999 . 248 310 . , 56 618 .

.

39

, , 25% . 15%

, 60% . 1990 .

2,7% ; 1997 .1,3%, 1999 . 1,7%.

3, ,

, 1991–1993 . ( , “ ” )

4% .,

, . 4

.

, , ,,

,. , 1999 .

, 1,7% , 25% , ,

6,8%, ,. .

5 ( ) .

, -,

, - , ,.

,

.

40

3. (%) , 1990–1999 .

: “ ”.

-.

,.

, , ,, , - ,

- .

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Russian Federation Turkey EU average NIS average .

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Russian Federation Turkey EU average NIS average .

41

4. % 1999 . ( , ).

: .

Croatia (1994)SloveniaCzech RepublicSlovakia (1998)EstoniaHungary (1998)PolandCEE average (1998)The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaLithuania (1998)Bulgaria (1994)LatviaBosnia and Herzegovina (1991)Albania (1994)Romania (1998)

(1993)(1998)(1996)

. (1995)

(1998)(1998)

(1998) (1998) (1998) (1998) (1998)(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1998)

Type country namesin Russian

0.61.2

1.62.12.12.2

2.62.92.9

3.53.5

4.24.5

2.62.8

3.54.4

4.75.3

5.65.7

6.36.86.9

7.27.67.7

9.0

4.85.9

6.16.97.07.1

7.88.38.38.38.38.38.48.48.4

8.68.6

8.88.9

9.610.410.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

(1994)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1994)

. (1991) (1994) (1998)

Croatia (1994)SloveniaCzech RepublicSlovakia (1998)EstoniaHungary (1998)PolandCEE average (1998)The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaLithuania (1998)Bulgaria (1994)LatviaBosnia and Herzegovina (1991)Albania (1994)Romania (1998)

(1993)(1998)(1996)

. (1995)

(1998)(1998)

(1998) (1998) (1998) (1998) (1998)(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1998)

Type country namesin Russian

0.61.2

1.62.12.12.2

2.62.92.9

3.53.5

4.24.5

2.62.8

3.54.4

4.75.3

5.65.7

6.36.86.9

7.27.67.7

9.0

4.85.9

6.16.97.07.1

7.88.38.38.38.38.38.48.48.4

8.68.6

8.88.9

9.610.410.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

(1994)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1994)

. (1991) (1994) (1998)

42

5. ( ) 1999 . ( ,

).

: .

1219204960687983848697112147214223297309341358

453508

693705

9931101116712181237

1419150215081583

174618391848

2039207020772081

218622152284

24252476

2794

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1998) (1998)(1998)(1998)(1998)

(1998)(1998)

(1998)(1994)(1998)(1998)(1998)(1998)(1994)(1998)(1998)(1995)(1993)(1998)(1998)(1994)

(1998)(1998)(1994)(1998)(1997)(1998)

.

1219204960687983848697112147214223297309341358

453508

693705

9931101116712181237

1419150215081583

174618391848

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218622152284

24252476

2794

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998)

(1998) (1998) (1998)(1998)(1998)(1998)

(1998)(1998)

(1998)(1994)(1998)(1998)(1998)(1998)(1994)(1998)(1998)(1995)(1993)(1998)(1998)(1994)

(1998)(1998)(1994)(1998)(1997)(1998)

.

43

/ 1200–2000 700–800 .

,

.

500 – – :

, ,, ,

, ,, ,

.,

. ,,

. ,

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, 200 , 4–5

.,

.

37 ,.

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1996 . .,

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20 .

45

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, , ,,

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, , 3,5

.

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, -. ,-

,-

.

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1998 ., : -,

; 70 ;.

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46

, , (2,3 1999 .) .

-, -

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.:

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. 37 --

,, . 1999–2000 .

- ( 2–4 ) - ,

.

.,

.

/ .,

.,

,, ,

.

47

48

6. 1999 . ( ,

)

: .

., -

., ,

.

1.42.3

3.43.9

4.65.15.45.9

8.18.38.5

9.313.9

1.63.5

4.95.45.4

6.36.46.66.67.07.47.9

14.514.7

16.4

1.52.8

3.43.84.2

5.15.45.76.26.56.56.66.76.87.0

8.011.0

0 5 10 15 20

(1992)(1998)(1998)(1996)

(1994)(1996)(1996)(1996)(1998)(1998)(1996)

(1991)(1998)(1997)(1998)

(1995)

(1998)

(1998)

(1997)

1.42.3

3.43.9

4.65.15.45.9

8.18.38.5

9.313.9

1.63.5

4.95.45.4

6.36.46.66.67.07.47.9

14.514.7

16.4

1.52.8

3.43.84.2

5.15.45.76.26.56.56.66.76.87.0

8.011.0

0 5 10 15 20

(1992)(1998)(1998)(1996)

(1994)(1996)(1996)(1996)(1998)(1998)(1996)

(1991)(1998)(1997)(1998)

(1995)

(1998)

(1998)

(1997)

49

-, ,

.

.

. , ( . . 7), -

,- ,

.,

( ) , , ,, ,

. , 1999 . (), ,

1990-, , ,

.

/ , . ,, ,

,.

,,

.,

,.

, - ,, ,

, ,

.

50

7. (1999 ., ).

: “ ”.

37 ,

, ,, ,

. , (N=6).

. 3

909091

9697979898989999100

83919292959697979797989899100

757577

81828383

87878888909091949596969698100

0 25 50 75 100

(1998)(1998)(1997)

(1997)(1997)(1997)

(1998)(1991)

(1997)

909091

9697979898989999100

83919292959697979797989899100

757577

81828383

87878888909091949596969698100

0 25 50 75 100

(1998)(1998)(1997)

(1997)(1997)(1997)

(1998)(1991)

(1997)

51

( ,). , ,

80% .

,

.

,. ,,

,.

,,

,,

.

,, .

, ,-

. 8,

, , , . ,,

9. 1990 . 8,3 1000 , 1999 . 34%, 5,5.

,,

.,

-.

, 421,: 65% 1990 . 70–80% 1980- 33,4% 1999 .

,.

,.

, , , ,

21 4 .8, .9 5, , .

52

,. ,

,.

, 14 100 1990 . 6 1999 .

.,

,.

8. , 1990–1999 .

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Russian Federation Turkey EU average NIS average

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Russian Federation Turkey EU average NIS average

: “ ”.

4. 1990–1999 .1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

1000 9.09 8.53 8.37 8.21 7.77 7.64 7.13 6.75 6.65 6.20

100 13.95 12.07 9.61 8.17 7.60 7.48 7.54 6.65 6.20 5.80

15.60 15.45 15.58 15.88 16.32 15.22 14.56 13.86 12.80 12.80

(%) 65.56 59.52 48.63 42.35 42.72 40.14 40.41 38.6 33.70 33.40

: “ ”.

53

9. 1000 1990 . 1999 . ( ,

).

: “ ”.

5

.

,,

. 22

22 43 .

9.7

8.3

11.6

9.5

9.9

9.3

10.9

10.5

10.6

10.6

4.6

5.5

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.8

6.8

7.5

7.6

9.0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

19991990

(1998)

(1997)

1000

9.7

8.3

11.6

9.5

9.9

9.3

10.9

10.5

10.6

10.6

4.6

5.5

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.8

6.8

7.5

7.6

9.0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

19991990

(1998)

(1997)

1000

54

, ( ,

- ),

. ,, , .

,,

“ ”,

, , ,23.

-,

- ., ,

- ,, -

. , ,

,

.

.

.,

, :, , ,

. . ,.

23 , ,,

.

55

5. , (1999 . ,

)

1000 .100 . (%)

6.4a 25.8a 6.8a 75.4a

5.2b 18.9c 8.8b 80.9c

3.4a 18.7 5.7 78.3a

2.5 19.7 4.5 74.0d

4.3a 20.3d 5.6a 75.7a

7.0a 19.6b 11.0a 76.6b

3.9g – – –3.8d 18.1d 6.8d –3.2a 14.6a 6.8a 84.3a

2.3 17.9 4.3 94.04.5a 17.2a 7.1a 74.1a

5.5a 18.4e 9.8c 74.3e

3.8 – 4.2 79.33.4a 9.2a 8.3a 61.3a

3.3a 14.7c 6.5c 81.1c

3.1a 11.9a 7.3a 75.5a

3.2c 11.2c 8.0c 77.3c

2.5 15.6a 5.1c 77.5c

4.0a 16.4a 10.0a 84.0a

2.2 7.3 5.4 57.82.4a 21.4c 5.0c 80.8a

2.8a – – –3.3a 7.2a 9.8a 62.8d

7.6c 14.8c 10.7c 64.1c

3.9 13.2 9.4 87.26.3 18.2 8.7 67.75.6 18.4 8.0 69.3

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Country Health Report Armenia, Yerevan, August 2000.

Economist Intelligence Unit, Armenia Country Profile 1999–2000.

Economist Intelligence Unit, Armenia Country Report, November 2000.

, , “”, 2000–2003, , 1999

,, “ ”,

, 2000 .

, “”, , 2000 .

, Armenia nursing and midwifery profile (“”), , 2000 .

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia and UNICEF Armenia, Evaluation of the nationalimmunization programme of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, 1999.

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia, the State Health Agency, Concept of introductionof medical insurance in the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, 2000.

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia, Concept of the strategy of privatization of healthcare facilities, Yerevan, 2000.