Upload
vuongque
View
218
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Psychology11-12 Name:_______________________________________ Unit2:PersonalityandIndividuality Period:________
Part8:HumanisticandCognitiveTheories Objectives:
1. ExplainAbrahamMaslow’sideaofself-actualization.
2. DescribeCarlRogers‘viewofhumanbehavior.
3. DescribeGeorgeKelly’spersonalconstructtheory
I.HumanisticPsychologyA. __________________________________________________________maybeviewedasarebellionagainsttherather
negative,pessimisticviewofhumannaturethatdominatedpersonalitytheoryintheearly1900s.
B. Humanisticpsychologistsobjecttoboth_________________________________andbehavioristapproachesonthegroundsthatthey________________________humanbeings.
C. Humanistsstressourabilityto__________________and_________________bypersonalstandardsandperceptions.
D. Humanisticpsychologyisfoundedonthebeliefthatallhumanbeingsstrivefor_______________-__________________________________–thatis,therealizationofourpotentialitiesasuniquehumanbeings.
II.AbrahamMaslow:GrowthandSelf-Actualization
A. Oneoftheearliestpioneersofhumanisticpsychologywas______________________________________________.Maslowbelievedpeoplenaturallystrivetoreachtheirfullhumanpotential.
B. WhenMaslowdecidedtostudythemost_______________________,________________________,____________________individualshecouldfind–inhistoryaswellasinhissocialandprofessionalcircles–hebrokenewground.
C. Maslowfoundthatalthoughthesepeoplesometimeshadgreatemotionaldifficulties,they____________________________inwaysthatallowedthemtobecomehighly_______________________________.
D. Characteristicsofself-actualizedindividualsincluded:
E. Maslowbelievedthattobecome____________-__________________________,apersonmustfirstsatisfyhisorherbasic,primaryneeds.
F. Hisstudyofself-actualizingpeoplehasbeen_______________________________becausethesamplewas
chosenonthebasisofMaslow’sown______________________________criteria.III.CarlRogers:Self-TheoryA. Anotherhumanistpsychologistwas____________________________(1902–1987).Rogersismost
associatedwiththedevelopmentof_________________________________.Heconsideredthepeoplehecounseled“clients,”ratherthan“patients.”
B. Rogersbelievedthatmanypeoplesufferfromaconflictbetweenwhattheyvaluein_________________________andwhattheybelieve_________________peoplevalueinthem.Rogersbelievedpeopleareconstantlytryingtobecomemore__________________________(self-actualizedorfullyfunctioningashetermedit)andanythingthathelpsoneachievethisisgood.
C. Rogersbelievedtherearetwosidesorpartstoeveryperson.
1. Each person is constantly struggling to become more and more _____________ and ______________.
2. Each individual also has what Rogers called a _______________.
D. Asyourselfdevelopsyouconstantlyseekapprovalor______________________________________.Thispositiveregard,receivedfromothers,ultimatelycreatespositiveregardinsideusindividually,whichhelpsusinbecomingmorefullyfunctioning.
E. Roger’sbelievedthatinoursearchforpositiveregardwedevelop_____________________basedonfeedbackwereceivefromothers.Somepeopleprovide______________________________________onthepositiveregardtheyprovide.Theseareconditionsthatyoumustmeetinordertoregardyourselfpositively.Roger’ssuggeststhattheseconditionsinhibitourabilitytobecome______________________________________________________.
F. Roger’sbelievedthatpeoplecopewithconditionsofworthby______________________partsofthemselvesthatdonotfittheir____________-_____________________.Thiscreatesconflictandfeelingsof___________________________and_______________________________.
ExamplesofConflictswithConditionalPositiveRegard: Home:Parentswhogrowdistantwhenachildexhibitsangercausingthemtogrowupunableto expressanger. School:Whatisvaluedinschool?Academics?Athletics?Arts?Conflictiscreatedwhenpep assembliesareheldtopraiseathleticaccomplishmentsbutnoassembliesareheldforstudentswho receivegoodgradesintheirclasses.G. Asaresultofconditionalpositiverewards,childrenandadultsdevelopa_____________betweentheir
imageoftheir______________andwhotheyreally______________andlimitsthem.
H. Roger’sbelievedthecureforthissituationisunconditionalpositiveregard.Ifpeopleimportanttoyouletyouknowtheyvalueyouasyouare,youwilllearntograntyourself_________________________________________________________________________.Youwillbeabletoacceptyourselfandbecomefullyfunctioning.Thismeansthatyouandyourselfimagearethesame.Youarefreetodeveloptoyourfullpotential(self-actualizedorfullyfunctioning).
IV.CognitiveTheory
A. Anotherhumanistictheoryofpersonalitycamefrom_______________________________(1905-1967).Hecalledhistheory___________________________________________________________________.
B. Cognitivetheoryisbasedonanalysisofourown__________________________,_______________________and______________________.Kellybelievedthatourpersonalityismadeupofourthoughtsabout_____________________________andour______________________________.
C. Theprimaryfeatureofthesepersonallyconstructedideasabouttheworldandhowto___________________initistheindividual’santicipations–or________________________–abouthisorherworld.
D. Ourpersonalconstructsarebasicallyourschemas–ourmental________________________________ofpeople,events,andconceptsfoundinour______________________.
E. Kellytookan______________________________viewofhumans.Inhistheory,weare_________________________ratherthan__________________________ofour_________________________.
F. Ourpersonalconstructstendtobe______________________,butweareabletochangetheminlightofnew____________________________.