Psychology11-12 Name:_______________________________________ Unit2:PersonalityandIndividuality Period:________

Part8:HumanisticandCognitiveTheories Objectives:

1. ExplainAbrahamMaslow’sideaofself-actualization.

2. DescribeCarlRogers‘viewofhumanbehavior.

3. DescribeGeorgeKelly’spersonalconstructtheory

I.HumanisticPsychologyA. __________________________________________________________maybeviewedasarebellionagainsttherather

negative,pessimisticviewofhumannaturethatdominatedpersonalitytheoryintheearly1900s.

B. Humanisticpsychologistsobjecttoboth_________________________________andbehavioristapproachesonthegroundsthatthey________________________humanbeings.

C. Humanistsstressourabilityto__________________and_________________bypersonalstandardsandperceptions.

D. Humanisticpsychologyisfoundedonthebeliefthatallhumanbeingsstrivefor_______________-__________________________________–thatis,therealizationofourpotentialitiesasuniquehumanbeings.

II.AbrahamMaslow:GrowthandSelf-Actualization

A. Oneoftheearliestpioneersofhumanisticpsychologywas______________________________________________.Maslowbelievedpeoplenaturallystrivetoreachtheirfullhumanpotential.

B. WhenMaslowdecidedtostudythemost_______________________,________________________,____________________individualshecouldfind–inhistoryaswellasinhissocialandprofessionalcircles–hebrokenewground.

C. Maslowfoundthatalthoughthesepeoplesometimeshadgreatemotionaldifficulties,they____________________________inwaysthatallowedthemtobecomehighly_______________________________.

D. Characteristicsofself-actualizedindividualsincluded:

E. Maslowbelievedthattobecome____________-__________________________,apersonmustfirstsatisfyhisorherbasic,primaryneeds.

F. Hisstudyofself-actualizingpeoplehasbeen_______________________________becausethesamplewas

chosenonthebasisofMaslow’sown______________________________criteria.III.CarlRogers:Self-TheoryA. Anotherhumanistpsychologistwas____________________________(1902–1987).Rogersismost

associatedwiththedevelopmentof_________________________________.Heconsideredthepeoplehecounseled“clients,”ratherthan“patients.”

B. Rogersbelievedthatmanypeoplesufferfromaconflictbetweenwhattheyvaluein_________________________andwhattheybelieve_________________peoplevalueinthem.Rogersbelievedpeopleareconstantlytryingtobecomemore__________________________(self-actualizedorfullyfunctioningashetermedit)andanythingthathelpsoneachievethisisgood.

C. Rogersbelievedtherearetwosidesorpartstoeveryperson.

1. Each person is constantly struggling to become more and more _____________ and ______________.

2. Each individual also has what Rogers called a _______________.

D. Asyourselfdevelopsyouconstantlyseekapprovalor______________________________________.Thispositiveregard,receivedfromothers,ultimatelycreatespositiveregardinsideusindividually,whichhelpsusinbecomingmorefullyfunctioning.

E. Roger’sbelievedthatinoursearchforpositiveregardwedevelop_____________________basedonfeedbackwereceivefromothers.Somepeopleprovide______________________________________onthepositiveregardtheyprovide.Theseareconditionsthatyoumustmeetinordertoregardyourselfpositively.Roger’ssuggeststhattheseconditionsinhibitourabilitytobecome______________________________________________________.

F. Roger’sbelievedthatpeoplecopewithconditionsofworthby______________________partsofthemselvesthatdonotfittheir____________-_____________________.Thiscreatesconflictandfeelingsof___________________________and_______________________________.

ExamplesofConflictswithConditionalPositiveRegard: Home:Parentswhogrowdistantwhenachildexhibitsangercausingthemtogrowupunableto expressanger. School:Whatisvaluedinschool?Academics?Athletics?Arts?Conflictiscreatedwhenpep assembliesareheldtopraiseathleticaccomplishmentsbutnoassembliesareheldforstudentswho receivegoodgradesintheirclasses.G. Asaresultofconditionalpositiverewards,childrenandadultsdevelopa_____________betweentheir

imageoftheir______________andwhotheyreally______________andlimitsthem.

H. Roger’sbelievedthecureforthissituationisunconditionalpositiveregard.Ifpeopleimportanttoyouletyouknowtheyvalueyouasyouare,youwilllearntograntyourself_________________________________________________________________________.Youwillbeabletoacceptyourselfandbecomefullyfunctioning.Thismeansthatyouandyourselfimagearethesame.Youarefreetodeveloptoyourfullpotential(self-actualizedorfullyfunctioning).

IV.CognitiveTheory

A. Anotherhumanistictheoryofpersonalitycamefrom_______________________________(1905-1967).Hecalledhistheory___________________________________________________________________.

B. Cognitivetheoryisbasedonanalysisofourown__________________________,_______________________and______________________.Kellybelievedthatourpersonalityismadeupofourthoughtsabout_____________________________andour______________________________.

C. Theprimaryfeatureofthesepersonallyconstructedideasabouttheworldandhowto___________________initistheindividual’santicipations–or________________________–abouthisorherworld.

D. Ourpersonalconstructsarebasicallyourschemas–ourmental________________________________ofpeople,events,andconceptsfoundinour______________________.

E. Kellytookan______________________________viewofhumans.Inhistheory,weare_________________________ratherthan__________________________ofour_________________________.

F. Ourpersonalconstructstendtobe______________________,butweareabletochangetheminlightofnew____________________________.