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Ibnulyemen Arabic
Attached Pronouns
© Ibnulyemen Arabic 2020
http://www.ibnulyemenarabic.com/
ي ه
و ه ي ن ت ك ل م ا ه م
ن ه ي ن ك ل م ي ن ك ل م ت ي ن ا ك ل م ه م
أ ن ا ك ل م ـ أ ن ا ي ن ن ك ل م ي ن ك ل م يـ ي ن ان ك ل م ي ي ن و
م ي ن و ن ك ل م ي ائ ر ــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــ� ــــــــــ ـــــ الض ل ص
م ت ال� ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــ� ـــــــــــــــ
ة
ي ن ن ك ل م ي ك ل م ـ ن ح ن ن ح ن ن ا ن ك ل م ن ا و
ن ا ن ك ل م ي ن ا ك ل م ن اا ك ل م ن ا و ن ك ل م ي ن ه ن ا ك ل م يـ ن ات ك ل م ن ا ان ك ل م ي ه م و ه ن ا ك ل م ت ا ه م
ي ه
© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (1)
الم ت ص ر ائ ـــــ ـــــ الض م The Attached Pronouns - ل ة ـــــ ـــــ
الض م ائ ) أ( الم ج ر و ر ة ( ر ل ة م ال ) ت ص ب الأ س م اء Adjective (Genitive) Pronouns Attached to Common Nouns
ض م ي لا ر pronoun type
ع د د ال number
م ن ف ص ل separate
ل ص م ت attached
م ث ال example
م ي ر ض م ت ك ل م ال
first person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
أ ن ا I
ي ــ my
ال ح ق ي ي ف يـ ق ل م . ب ة My pen is in the bag.
ج م ع plural
ن ح ن we
ن اــour
ص د ي ق ي م ن ال م ن ن اـ . Our friend is from Yemen.
م ي ر ض ـم خ ا ال ط ب
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyour
ص د ي ق غ ر ف ة ال ف ي ك ـ . Your friend is in the room.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyour
ي ج ر ي ك ـ ك ل ب م ن ت ز ه ال ف ي . Your dog runs in the park.
ى ن م ث dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت م ا you (both)
ك م ا ــ your
ه ل ي ش ر ح أ س ت اذ ك م ا الد ر س ؟ Does your teacher explain the lesson?
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت م you (all)
ك م ــyour
ق د ص ل و أ ب و م ن ك م . م ل ع ل ا Your father has arrived from work.
ث ؤ ن م feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ك ن ــyour
ي ق ت ص د ت ط ب خ ال ك ن ـ . ع ش اء Your friend is cooking dinner.
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
و ه he
ه ــhis
ه ات ف ال غ ر ف ة ف ي ه ـ . His phone is in the room.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ي ه she
ه اــher
ح ق ي ب ت الس ر ي ر ت ح ت ه اـ . Her bag is under the bed.
م ث ن ى dual
ا ه م they (both)
ه م اــ their
ه ذ ه س ي ار ت ه م اـ ج د ي د ة ال . This is their new car.
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
ه م they
ه م ــtheir
ك ت ب ال ف ص ل ي ف م ه ـ . Their books are in the classroom.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ه ن They
ه ن ــtheir
الي اب ان م ن ن ا ه ي ه ن ـ ت ق ي ص د . Their friend Hina is from Japan. These pronouns are like the possessive pronouns in English (my, our, your … etc.), hence اب ـ
ك ت ي my book, ك ت اب ـ ن ا our book, ك ت اب ـ their book, and so forth. They are attached to indefinite nouns and make them definite. structurally, this ه م combination forms a genitive construction ة إ
اف ض . So, regardless of the position of the genitive construction, the
attached pronouns are always in a genitive position اف � ه م ض إ ل� (literally, an added noun to a preceding noun).
© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (2)
الض م ائ ) ب( ر و ر م ج لا( ر ل ة م ال ) ة ت ص ال ح ر و ف ب الظ ر و ف و Object (Genitive) Pronouns Attached to Prepositions and Adverbs
الض م ي ر pronoun type
ع د د ال number
م ن ف ص ل separate
م ت ص لattached
م ث ال example
ض م ي ر م ك ل ت الم
first person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
أ ن ا I
ي ــ me
ه ذ ا ا ل ق ل م . يـ ل This pen is for me.
ج م ع plural
ن ح ن we
ن اــUs
ه ل ت ب ح ث ؟) ن ا+ ع ن ( ن اـ ع Are you looking for us?
ض م ي ر ـم خ اط ب ال
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyou
و ر أ ن ا ف خ . ك ب ـ I am proud of you.
ث ن م ؤ feminine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyou
أ ر ي د أ ن أ م ع ـ ت ح د ث . ك I want to speak with you.
م ث ن ى dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت م ا you (both)
م ا ك ــyou
خ ل ف ـ ة ر ا الس ي ك م ا ، ا ن ت ب ه ا ! The car is behind you, be careful!
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت م you (all)
ك م ــyou
م ن ـ ة خ ائ ف ي ه . ك م She is afraid of you.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ك ن ــyou
ل س س ار ة ج س ت . ك ن ـ م ام أ Sarah will sit in front of you.
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ل ا
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
و ه he
ه ــhim
ن ذ ه ب س ه ن ـ و ب د We will go without him.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ي ه she
ه اــher
ل ن ا د خ ب ع د ي ت الب . ا ه We entered the house after her.
م ث ن ى dual
ا ه م they (both)
ه م اــ them
ل ن أ ع ت م د ع ل ي ـ ه م ا . I won’t rely on them.
ج م ع plural
ذ ك ر م masculine
ه م they
ه م ــthem
ذ ه ب ت . ه مـ إ ل ي I went to them.
ؤ ن ث م feminine
ه ن they
ه ن ــthem
ل ن ا و ص ق ب ل ـ . ه ن We arrived before them. These pronouns are attached to prepositions
ح ر و ف ال� يـ ف such as , ج ر ‘in’ ( ه اـ ف � in it),
إ ل�ـى ‘to’ ( � ـ
إ ل� ن ا to us), and
ع �
� ‘on’ ( � ـ
ع ل�م
ك�
on you) and adverbs of place ظ ر و ف ال� ان �
م �� , such as ت ح ت ‘under’ ( ت ح ت ـ ف , (under him ه
خ ل� ‘behind’ ( ف ـ
خ ل� ه ن behind them), and
م ام أ� ‘in front of’ ( م ام ـ
أ �ي in front of me).They are more like the object of prepositions in English, that is the nouns or
pronouns that follows the preposition. In Arabic, nouns and pronouns that follow prepositions are called ا س م م ج ر و ر , that is they are in the genitive case. So, these attached pronouns are called
م ائ ر ال
الض � م ج ر و ر ة .
© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (3)
ض م ائ ر ) ج( ل ف اع ل ا ل ة م ال ) ف ع ر ال( ت ص ف ع ل الم اض ي ب ال Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Perfective (past) Verbs
ض م ي لا ر pronoun type
ع د د ال number
م ن ف ص ل separate
م ت ص لattached
م ث ال example
ض م ي ر م ت ك ل م ال
first person pronoun
د ر م ف singular
أ ن ا I
ت ــI
ذ ه ب إ ل ى الس و ق ت أ م س . I went to the market yesterday.
ج م ع plural
ن ح ن we
ن اــwe
ج ل س ـ ف ة غ ر ف ي ا ن ج ل و س ال . We sat in the living room.
ض م ي ر ـم خ اط ب ال
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت you
ت ــyou
ه ل ك ت ب ؟ اج و ال ت ـ ب Did you write the homework?
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ت ــyou
د ر س ـ ن أ ي الل غ ة الع ت ر ب ي ة ؟ Where did you study Arabic language?
م ث ن ى dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت م ا you (both)
ت م ا ــ you
أ ي ن ذ ه ب ت م اـ ؟ Where did you (both) go?
ج م ع plural
ر ك م ذ masculine
أ ن ت م you (all)
ت م ــyou
ش اه د ل ه ت م الم ب ار ة ؟ا Did you (all) watch the match?
م ؤ ن ث Feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ت ن ــyou
ه ل ك ت ب ـ ؟ ت ن الو اج ب Did you (all) write the homework?
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر Masculine
و ه he
*ـ ـhe
ذ ه ب إ ل ى الس و ق . He went to the market.
م ؤ ن ث Feminine
ي ه she
)ت ــ( *ــshe
ذ ه ب ـ إ ل ى الم د ر س ة ت . She went to (the) school.
ى ن م ث dual
ا م ه they (both)
ات ــ / اــthey
(both)
. ر س الد ات ـ ب ت ك ان ن ت ب لاThe 2 girls (they ‘both’) wrote the lesson.
الو ل د ان ك ت ب الد ر س اـ . The 2 boys (they ‘both’) wrote the lesson.
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر Masculine
ه م they
وا ــthey
س اف ر ا م . ي ن الص ى إ ل و ا They did not travel to China.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ه ن they
ن ــthey
الب ن ات ل ع ب ـ الغ ر ف ة ف ي ن . The girls (they) played in the room. These pronouns are attached to the perfective (past) verb
ال� ف ع ل ي الم ا� ض , such as ت ب ـ
ك �ت ب ـ ,’I wrote‘ ت
ك � ن ا ‘we wrote’ ت ب ـ
ك �وا ‘they
wrote’ and so forth. They function as a subject اع ل ف , hence nominative و ع ة
م ر ف and are called م ائ
ض ع ال ر � ر ف ‘nominative
pronouns.’ The (*) indicates that the subject is implied م س � ت ت (not overt) and is often understood from the structure of
the verb; the ـــتـ / ــت (in red) is the feminine marker (not the subject).
© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (4)
ض م ائ ر ) د( م ف ع ال ل ة م ال ) الن ص ب ( ل و ت ص ف ع ل الم اض ي ب ال Object (Accusative) Pronouns Attached to Perfective (past) Verbs
ض م ي لا ر pronoun type
ع د د ال number
ص ل ف م ن separate
م ت ص لattached
ال ث م example
ض م ي ر م ل ك م ت ال
first person pronoun
د ر م ف singular
أ ن ا I
ي ــ me
ه ل س م ع ؟ يـ ن ـت ـ Did you hear me?
ع ج م plural
ن ح ن we
ا ن ــus
د مح ن ا ار ز أ م س م . Mohammed visited us yesterday.
ض م ي ر ـم خ اط ب ال
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
ر ك م ذ masculine
ت ن أ you
ك ــyou
و ع د أ ن أ ذ ه ب ك ت . I promised you to go.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyou
س م ع م ا . ك تـ I did not hear you.
م ث ن ى dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت ا م you (both)
ك م ا ــ you
. ا م ك تــ ع ـ م س ا م I did not hear you (both).
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت م you (all)
ك م ــyou
ل م ا ط ر د ذ ا ؟المعلم ك م Why did the teacher dismiss you (all)?
م ؤ ن ث Feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ك ن ــyou
ب ر ه ل أ خ ؟علي ن ك Did Ali inform you (all)?
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر Masculine
و ه he
ـه ــhim
س م ع ي ص ي ح ه نـا . We heard him screaming.
م ؤ ن ث Feminine
ي ه she
ـه ا ــher
ق د . ة اد ع ي ال إ ل ى ه ا و ذ أ خ They already took her to the clinic.
م ث ن ى dual
ا ه م they (both)
ه م اــ them
(both) ـه م ا تـ أ ي ر ف ي الش ار ع .
I saw them (both) on the street.
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر Masculine
ه م they
ـه م ــthem
ش اه د . ه ت ز ن م ف ي ال ه م نا We saw them in the park.
ث ن م ؤ feminine
ه ن they
ـه ن ــthem
الس ب اح ه ن تــ ع ل م . ة I taught them swimming. These pronouns are attached to the perfective (past) verb
ال�ي ف ع ل الم ا� ض , such as م ي ن ـتــ ع س ‘you heard me’, س م ع ـ ن او ‘they
heard us’ م ه م ع ـت ـ س ‘she heard them’, and so forth. They function as an object م ف ع و ل (i.e. the receiver of the action), hence accusative ة م � � ن ص and are called م ائ ر
ض ب accusative pronouns.’ The nouns / attached pronouns in red are subject‘ الن ص
pronouns م ائ ر ض
فاع ل that is the subject ,(i.e. doers of the action) ل اع
ف of the verb.
© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (5)
ض م ائ ر ) هـ( ف اع ل ال ر ف ع ال( ف ع ل ب ال ل ة ت ص م ال ) الم ض ار ع م ر ف وع ال Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Indicative Imperfective (present) Verbs
ر ي م ض لاpronoun type
ع د د ال number
م ن ف ص ل separate
م ت ص لattached
م ث ال example
ض م ي ر م ت ك ل م ال
first person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
أ ن ا I
* .. أ I
ذ ه ب أ إ ل ى الس و ق . ة ع م ج ك ل I go to the market every Friday.
ع ج م plural
ن ح ن we
* .. نـwe
ش ر ب ـن ق ه و ة ال ع د ال ب غ د اء . We drink coffee after lunch.
ي ر م ض ـم خ ا ال ط ب
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
ت أ ن you
* .. تـyou
ت ك ل م ـت ه ل الأ ل م ا ؟ ن ي ة do you speak German?
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ي ن .. ـت you
الل غ ة الع ر ب ن ي ـ ر س د ـت ن أ ي ي ة ؟ Where do you study Arabic language?
م ث ن ى dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت م ا you (both)
ان .. تـyou
ه ل ل ع ب ـت ان ؟ س ل ة لا ة ك ر Do you (both) play basketball?
ج م ع plural
ر ك م ذ masculine
أ ن ت م you (all)
ن و .. تـyou
اذ ا ل م ج ل س تـ ه ن ا؟ ن و Why do you sit here?
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ـن ـ .. تـyou
ه ل د ر س تـ ؟ ال ن ـ ط ب Do you study medicine?
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
و ه he
* .. يـhe
ه ل د ر س ي م ي اء ؟ ك ي ال Does he study chemistry?
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ي ه she
* .. تـshe
ه ل غ ن اال ح ب تـ ء ؟ She likes singing.
م ث ن ى dual
ا ه م they (both)
ان .. ـي ان .. تـ
they (both)
ن ت ان الب الر ي اض ي ات ان ـ ر س د تـ . The 2 girls (they both) study math.
الو ل د ان د ر س يـ ار ي خ الت ان ـ . The 2 boys (they both) study history.
ج م ع plural
ك ر م ذ masculine
ه م they
و ن .. ـي they
ه ل س س اف ر يـ ي ن و ن إ ل ى الص ؟ Will they travel to China?
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ه ن they
ــن .. يـthey
ذ ه ب تـ س ـ ه ل إ ل ى الح ف ل ة ؟ ن ـ Will they go to the party? These pronouns are attached to the indicative imperfective (present) verb
ال� ف ع ل ار ع � الم ض
�ع م ر ف
ال
� , such as ت ب ـ
� � � و ن ‘they write
/ are writing’, ـ � ج ل س س م ع ـتـ ’they both sit / are sitting‘ ان you all (fem.) hear / are hearing’ and so forth. They function as a‘ ن subject اع ل
ف , hence nominative و ع ة
م ر ف and are called ع
م ائ ر الر ف
� ض ‘nominative pronouns.’ The (*) indicates that the
subject is implied �ت ت م س (not overt) and is often understood from the structure of the verb; prefixes in red indicate the
present tense and hint at what the subject is, that is from these prefixes it can be deduced what the implied subject اع
ف� ل
ت ت م س is.
© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (6)
ض م ائ ر ) و( ف اع ل ال ل ة م ال ) ع ف ر ال( ت ص ف ع ل ب ال الم ض ار ع ل م ن ص ا ال م ج ز و م و ب و Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Subjunctive and Jussive (present) Verbs
ر ي ض م لاpronoun type
ع د د ال number
ص ل ف م ن separate
م ت ص ل attached
م ث ال example
ض م ي ر ت ك ل م م ال
first person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
أ ن ا I
* .. أ I
ذ ه ب أ ل ن ى الس و ق إ ل ي و م ال . I will not go to the market today.
ج م ع plural
ن ح ن we
* .. نـwe
ش ر ب ـن م ل ش ي ئ ا ع د ال ب غ د اء . We did not drink anything after lunch.
ض م ي ر ـم خ اط ب ال
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
ر ذ ك م masculine
أ ن ت you
* .. تـyou
ذ ه ب ـت لا إ ل ى الب ح ر ال ي و م . Do not go to the sea today.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ي .. ـت You
إ ن ج ت ه د تـ . يـ ح ن ج ـت ، ي If you work hard, you will pass.
م ث ن ى dual (masc. & fem.)
ا م ن ت أ you (both)
ا .. تـYou
ر ي د ان أ ن ت ل ع ب ت ك ر ة ا ـ ق د . م You (both) want to play football.
ج م ع plural
ر ك م ذ masculine
أ ن ت م you
ا و .. تـyou
ج ل س ـت لا ه ن ا و ا ـ . Do not sit here.
م ؤ ن ث Feminine
أ ن ت ن you
ـن ـ .. ـت you
د ر س ـتـ لا الر ي اض ي ات ن . Do not study mathematics.
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر Masculine
هو he
* .. يـhe
ي و م ال ح ض ر يـ ن ل . He will not come today.
م ؤ ن ث Feminine
هي she
* .. ـت she
ف ي ز ي اء س د ر تـ ل م . She did not study physics.
م ث ن ى dual
ه ماthey (both)
ا .. ـي ا .. تـ
they (both)
ن ت ان الب الت ار ي خ اـ ر س د تـ ل ن . The two girls (they) won’t study math.
الو ل د ان ل م د ر س يـ ار ي خ الت اـ . The two boys (they) didn’t study history.
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر Masculine
ه م they
ا و .. ـي they
س اف ر يـ ن ل ي ن ا و إ ل ى الص . They won’t travel to China.
ن ث م ؤ feminine
ه ن they
ــن .. يـthey
ذ ه ب ي ل م . ل ة إ ل ى الح ف ن ـ They did not go to the party. These subject pronouns
م ائ ر ال
ض � ف اع ل are attached to the subjunctive imperfective (present) verb
ال� ف ع ل
ار ع ال الم ض � �
و ب م ن ص such as ن
ل�ت ب ـ
� � �ا و ‘they won’t write’,
� ي
�ـ � ج ل س ا ‘in order for them both to sit’ م ع ـتـ ل س so that you all (fem.) hear’ and so forth. They are‘ ن
also attached to the jussive imperfective (present) verb الف ع ل ال�
ار ع ال م ض � �
م ج ز و م , such as ـتـلا ج ل س وا ‘don’t sit’, م ل�ا م ـ ف ه � ‘they didn’t
understand.’ These pronouns are attached to the imperative verb الف ع ل الأ م ر , such as ا ج ل س وا ‘sit’. With subjunctive present
verbs and imperative verbs, the ن of ان ,ون, and ين is always dropped. The (*) indicates that the subject is implied �ت ت م س and is
often understood from the structure of the verb; prefixes in red indicate the present tense and hint at what the subject is.
© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (7)
ال م ف ع ول ائ ر م ض ) ز( ل ة م ال ) ص ب الن ( ت ص ف ع ل ب ال الم ض ار ع م ر ف وع ال Object (Accusative) Pronouns Attached to Indicative Imperfective (present) Verbs
ض م ي لا ر pronoun type
ع د د ال number
ص ل ف م ن separate
م ت ص لattached
ال ث م example
ض م ي ر ل م ك م ت ال
first person pronoun
د ر م ف singular
أ ن ا I
ي ــ
me س اع د يـ س ـ ه ل ؟ ي ـ ن ونـ
Will they help me?
ج م ع plural
ن ح ن we
ا ن ــus
ز و ر ي ـ س غ د ا د محم ن ا . Mohammed will visit us tomorrow.
ض م ي ر ط ب خ ا ـم ال
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
ر ك م ذ masculine
ت أ ن you
ك ــyou
س ت ق ب ل نـ س ـ * . م ط ار ف ي ال ك We will receive you at the airport.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyou
. زينب ك ق ر اف تـ س ـ
Zainab will accompany you.
م ث ن ى dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت ا م you (both)
ك م ا ــ you
ه ل ك م ا د ر س ــي ؟علي Will Ali teach you (both)?
ع ج م plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت م you (all)
ك م ــyou
ل م اذ ا ؟المعلم م ك ر ه ك يـ Why does the teacher hate you?
م ؤ ن ث Feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ك ن ــyou
ب ي س ه ل ؟علي ن ك ر خ Will Ali inform you?
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر Masculine
و ه he
ـه ــhim
ف ه م ـأ لا * . ه I don’t understand him.
ن ث م ؤ Feminine
ي ه she
ـه ا ــher
ه ل ؟ ه انـو ح ب تـ Do you love her?
م ث ن ى dual
ا ه م they (both)
ه م اــ them
(both) س اع د تـ ل س ـ ه ه م اـون ؟
Will you help them (both)?
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر Masculine
ه م they
ـه م ــthem
الس ب اح ة ه م ينــ ع ل م ـت ه ل ؟ Are you teaching them swimming?
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ه ن they
ـه ن ــthem
ه ل س ـ س اع د ي ؟ ه ن ـون Will they help them? These object (accusative) pronouns are attached the indicative imperfective (present) verb
ال� ف ع ل ار ع � الم ض
�ع م ر ف
ال
� ; they are
the pronouns in orange, blue, and green. The attached pronouns and the nouns in red are the subjects of the verbs. The prefixes in red indicate the present tense. The (*) indicates tat the subject (pronoun) of the verb is implied �
ت ت م س .
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ف اع ل ال ر م ائ ض ) ح( ل ة م ال ) ف ع ر ال( ت ص ف ع ل ب ال الأ م ر Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Imperative Verbs
ض م ي لا ر pronoun type
ع د د ال number
م ن ف ص ل separate
م ت ص لattached
م ث ال example
ض م ي ر ـم خ ا ال ط ب
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت you
* .. (implied)
ك ت ب ا *. ب اج ال و
Write the homework.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ي ــyour
ا خ ر ج ـ م ن ه ن اي . (you) Get out of here!
ى ن م ث dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت م ا you (both)
اــyour
ا ذ ه إ ل ى الج ام ع ة ا ب ـ .
(you both) go to the university!
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت م you (all)
ـوا ــyour
ا س ر ع ـ ا س ر ع ـ، و ا ! و ا
(you all) run, (you all) run!
ث ؤ ن م feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ـن ــyour
الد ر س ن ر اك ذ . (you all) study the lesson!
The (*) indicates that the subject is implied �ت ت م س (not overt).
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ض م ا ) ط( م ف ع ال ئ ر ل ة م ال ) الن ص ب ( و ل ت ص ف ع ل ب ال الأ م ر Subject (Accusative) Pronouns Attached to Imperative Verbs
ر ي ض م لاpronoun type
ع د د ال number
م ن ف ص ل separate
ل م ت ص attached
م ث ال example
م ي ر ض م ت ك ل ال م
first person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
أ ن ا I
ي ــ me
ا س م ع ـ * ! يـ ن Listen to me! (implied, masculine, singular)
! ي ـن ـ ي ـ م ع ا س Listen to me! (you, feminine, singular)
ا س م ع ! ي ن ـ و ـ Listen to me! (you, masculine, plural)
! ي ـن ـ ـن ع ا س م Listen to me! (you, feminine, plural)
ج م ع plural
ن ح ن we
ن اــus
س اع د *! ن ا Help us! (implied, masculine, singular)
س اع د ! ن ا ي ـ Help us! (you, feminine, singular)
س اع د ! ن ا و Help us! (you, masculine, plural)
س اع د ! ن اـ ن Help us! (you, feminine, plural)
ر م ي ض ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
و ه he
ه ــhim
. * ه ـ ع م ا س Listen to him! (implied, masculine, singular)
. ـه ي ـ ع ا س م Listen to him! (you, feminine, singular)
. ه و ـ ع ا س م Listen to him! (you, masculine, plural)
. ه ن ــ ع ا س م Listen to him! (you, feminine, plural)
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ي ه she
ه اــher
*! ه ا ع د س اHelp her! (implied, masculine, singular)
س اع د ! ه ا ي ـ
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Help her! (you, feminine, singular) س اع د ! ه ا و
Help her! (you, masculine, plural) اع د س ! ا ه ن ـ
Help her! (you, feminine, plural)
م ث ن ى dual
ا ه م they (both)
ه م اــ them (both)
*! م ا ه ـ ع س م ا Listen to them (both)! (implied, masculine, singular)
! م ا ـه ي ـ ع ا س م Listen to them (both)! (you, feminine, singular)
! م ا ه و ـ ع ا س م Listen to them (both)! (you, masculine, plural)
! م ا ه ن ــ ع ا س م Listen to them (both)! (you, feminine, plural)
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
ه م they
ه م ــthem
س اع د *! م ه Help them! (implied, masculine, singular)
اع د س ! م ه ي ـ Help them! (you, feminine, singular)
س اع د ! م ه و Help them! (you, masculine, plural)
س اع د ! م ه ن ـ Help them! (you, feminine, plural)
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ه ن they
ه ن ــthem
*! ن ه ع ـ ا س م Listen to them! (implied, masculine, singular)
! ن ـه ي ـ ع ا س م Listen to them! (you, feminine, singular)
! ن ه و ـ ع ا س م Listen to them! (you, masculine, plural)
! ن ه ن ــ ع س م ا Listen to them! (you, feminine, plural) The (*) indicates that the subject of the imperative is implied (not overt) �
ت ت م س (i.e. you, 2nd person masculine singular). The attached pronouns in blue are the (overt) subject pronouns
م ائ ر ال
ض � ف اع ل . The attached pronouns in green are the
object pronouns م ائ ر ال
ض � م ف ع و ل . The ن of the attached subject pronouns, namely ون and ين, is dropped because the verb
is in the jussive cases (that is, it is required that the ن be dropped).
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الض م ائ ) ي( ل ة م ال ر ت ص ب الأ و ات د The Pronouns Attached to Particles
ض م ي لا ر pronoun type
ع د د ال number
م ن ف ص ل separate
ل ص م ت attached
م ث ال example
م ي ر ض م ت ك ل م ال
first person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
أ ن ا I
ي ــ I
م ر ي ض ي ن ــ إ ن . Indeed, I am sick.
م ع ج plural
ن ح ن we
ن اــwe
ل ك ن ـ ف ائ ز و ن ا . ن But we are winners.
م ي ر ض ـم خ ا ال ط ب
second person pronoun
د ر ف م singular
م ذ ك ر masculine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyou
ف ع لا غ ب ي ك إ ن ـ . You are truly stupid.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
أ ن ت you
ك ــyou
ج م ي ل ك إ ن ـ ة ج د . ا You are very beautiful.
ى ن م ث dual (masc. & fem.)
أ ن ت م ا you (both)
ك م ا ــ you
أ ن ت م ا ذ ك ي ان ل ك ن ـ ك م ا ك س و لا ن . You are smart, but you are lazy.
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
ن ت م أ you (all)
ك م ــyou
ج ب ن اء ك م ـ ك ل . You are all cowards.
ث ؤ ن م feminine
أ ن ت ن you (all)
ك ن ــyou
ط ب ي ب ات م ه ار ات ك ن ـ ك ل . You are all skillful doctors.
ض م ي ر ائ ب غ ال
third person pronoun
م ف ر د singular
ذ ك ر م masculine
و ه he
ه ــhe
ل و لا . ج ت م ا ن ج ه Except for him, I wouldn’t have passed.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ي ه she
ه اــshe
ط ال ب ة م ت ف و ق ة ه ا إ ن ـ . She is indeed an outstanding student.
م ث ن ى dual
ا ه م they (both)
ه م اــ they / them
ت ر ي س أ ش غ ي ر ه م ا . I will buy (two) other than them.
ج م ع plural
م ذ ك ر masculine
ه م they
ه م ــthey / them
ب ع ض غ ائ ب و ن ه مـ . Some of them are absent.
م ؤ ن ث feminine
ه ن They
ه ن ــthey / them
خ ر ات ت أ م ه ن ن ـ ل ك . But some of them are late.
Particles are words like إ ن (indeed), ن � ل� (but),
و �
ل
� (except for), �
غ ي (except, other than), and ب ع ض (some). The pronoun
attached to these particles can be a topic م ب ت د أ or a genitive pronoun م � ض م ج ر و ر ي just like the pronouns attached prepositions and adverbs.