Upload
glupan
View
245
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
1/14
Europe and the IndustrialRevolution
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
2/14
Industrial Revolution
The late 18th and early 19th centuries arecharacterized by the increasing use of machineryand refined coal, a period otherwise known as theindustrial revolution.
It started in Great Britain in the later half of 1700when manual labor began to be replaced byindustry
The industrial revolution spread throughoutWestern Europe and North America during the19th century, and eventually affected most of theworld.
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
3/14
Industrial Revolution-Technological Developments
Spinning machinery
Use of Coal Steam Power-1712
In 1778 James Watt
perfected the steam engine
By 1800, 1,454 engines had been built
Use of gas in lighting early 19th
century Chemicals
Railways
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
4/14
Industrial Revolution-Social Consequences
Industrialization led to the creation of factories andurbanization on a mass scale
A new set of classes
The old distinction between the nobles and the
peasants was replaced by the distinction betweenmiddle class andworking class
Manchester, England (cottonopolis) the first
industrial city
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
5/14
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
6/14
Industrial Revolution-Social Consequences
Employment in the new factories was consideredmore prestigious than self-employment in oldercrafts.
Immigration=>from the village to the factory
=>from the countryside to the city =>internationally to the large industrial cities of
Europe and USA
New Public Services-paved streets, city lighting, firedepartment, sewarage
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
7/14
Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881)
English Novelist and Prime Minister
Two nations between whom there is no intercourseand no sympathy; who are as ignorant of each othershabits, thoughts and feelings as if they
wereinhabitants of different planets Sibyl (1845)
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
8/14
Industrial Revolution-Social Consequences
Working conditions-inhuman working hours, childlabor, female exploitation, and inhuman conditionsin the slums
Organized crime
The Memoirs of SherlockHolmes (1894) crime-thriller
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
9/14
Industrial Revolution-Political Consequences
Governments faced new challenges
They were addressing themselves to a large mass oftaxpayers holding different views and perspectives
Political parties sprang up with a mass following and
devoted to a wide range of interests, e.g. Catholics,Protestants, workers, peasants, middle class etc.
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
10/14
Why the industrial revolution occurred in Europe?
Why the specific time and place? Why not inancient Greece or in China or during the Medievaltimes?
A very difficult question with more than oneanswers.
A particular coincidence of ecological, social,economic, cultural and political circumstances.
A chain of sub-processes and developments Classical world-Renaissance-Reformation-
Enlightenment
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
11/14
Why the industrial revolution occurred in Europe?
Colonialism
"The capital to finance the Industrial Revolution in Indiainstead went into financing the Industrial Revolution inEngland.
Rajani Palme Dutt
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
12/14
Why the industrial revolution occurred in Europe?
Protestant Work Ethicwith emphasis in progress,technology and hard work.
Mild weather conditions of the North West ofEngland provided ideal conditions for the spinning
of cotton, providing a natural starting point for thebirth of the textiles industry.
Liberalisation of trade from a large merchant base
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
13/14
8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences
14/14
Metropolis
Metropolis 1927 by Fritz Lang
Workers versus the Builders of the Babel Tower "The dreams of a few had turned to the curses of
many
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCpK4TySFrE