Industrialization and global integration ( ) Key idea for this period=revolution (a dramatic and wide ranging change in the way something works or is organized or in peoples ideas about it) What do professors Lennon and McCartney have to say about it? What type(s) of revolutions? In this unit we will be examining several revolutionary movements We need to be able to use SPRITE to help us categorize and analyze each revolution and its effects on the world The Beatles song Revolution will help us identify the types of revolutions that would occur during this period Highlight/underline lyrics that connect to various forms of revolution Mark them with S,P,R,I,T, or E to identify the type or types of revolution Record a brief explanation (few words/phrase) to explain your choice Key revolutions ( ) Political revolutions American and French Revolutions Caribbean and Latin American Revolutions Industrial Revolution Social revolution Attempts to reform and address inequalities American Revolution ( ) Roots of this conflict found in the Seven Years War (global war) French and Indian War British perspective- American colonists are backwards and disrespectful Colonial perspective-Great Britain treats them unfairly How does the following film clip show us the roots of this dissent? How would you categorize these roots (SPRITE)? Why? AP World History (1/20) Do Now: Why did the colonists begin to resist British authority after the end of the French and Indian War? List as many reasons as you can Why was the Revolution a success? British difficulty in waging a war on a different continent Colonists gaining alliance with the French Persistence of revolutionaries Key effect (political) Set up constitution based on enlightenment principles Separation of powers, checks and balances, individual liberties, etc. Federalist system-national and state levels of govt. French Revolution Inspired in part by American Rev. Different-direct challenge to Frances basic political and social structure Demanded an end to absolutism and aristocratic privilege Liberty, equality, fraternity Which of these would be represented by the woman with the flag in the painting to the right? How it started Three estates in France Nobility Clergy Everyone else France crippled by debt (assisting in American Revolution) Louis XVI-did not want to call Estates General (assembly) because he was afraid of losing absolute power Bourgeoisie (middle class)-gain support from other members of third estate AND draw some support from clergy and nobility Demanded political power Storming of Bastille (July 14, 1789) Rebellion spreads-women march to Versailles and demand the monarch address inequalities (starving children) How does the painting on the next page illustrate the social and political problems in French society? Departure of the Three Orders for Versailles Whats your estate? Read your excerpt Identify-which estate (first, second, third, or monarch) does it belong to? What is their perspective on the situation in France at this time ( )? What actions do they want taken to address this situation (you may need to make an inference if no specific actions are stated)? AP World History (1/21) Do Now: At the onset of the French Revolution, the French wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Where do we see enlightenment principles in these excerpts? Article 2-The goal of every political association is the preservation of the natural and inalienable rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. Article 4- Liberty consists in the freedom to do anything that does not harm another. The exercise of natural rights of each man thus has no limits except those that assure other members of society their enjoyment of the same rights. How radical can it get? Radical Jacobins-stressed equality (enlightenment principles) Kings supporters-wanted to control the kings restrictions on personal liberties Robespierre-leads the new government that gets VERY radical The Reign of Terror (Committee of Public Safety)-Executes the kingand others who are seen as disloyal Effects of this? Rise of Napoleon Reign of Terror throws France into chaos and war Napoleon Bonaparte-sees an opportunity to promote himself and save France Makes a name for himself in the army Revolution allows him to attain a rank his birth would have denied him Invited to join the five person Directory (governed after Robespierres death) Instead, he capitalizes on an outside threat (Austria, Britain, and Russias alliance against France in 1799) and stages a coup detat (literally=blow of state; a takeover of the government) Names himself consul (reference again to Roman empire) and emperor in 1804 Napoleons Rule Positives Popular w/French people due to military victories Brought stability by taking back most radical measures of Robespierre (example-recognizes Roman Catholicism as preferred religion of France) Napoleonic Code-laws that guaranteed equal rights for men Attacks other countries (military glory for France) Negatives Retained church property for the state Reduced the power of the National Assembly (rubber stamp for his ideas) No equality for women Attacks other countries (constant state of war; strain on France) Ego-thinks he can conquer anyone (Russia in 1812-loses most of his men to the harsh winter conditions) Results of Napoleons rule Congress of Vienna-European powers decide what to do w/France Strips them of most of their new territories Countries around it made stronger through encirclement of France Other countries combining/gaining territory French monarchy restored Supporters of Republic continue to battle supporters of king (another revolution in 1848) Overall=France still suffers from radical shifts back and forth (Republic and Absolutism) What can Jacques Louis David show/tell us about France during this time? Jacques Louis David was a French artist Becomes a part of the revolution Read the bio-five details that reveal his beliefs/ideas/attitudes etc. How do his paintings offer a unique perspective on this time period? The Oath of the Horatii (1784) Your assignment Work with your group of three to analyze one of Davids paintings Record your analysis (each group member should do this) Focus on the following: Form Color Use of light/dark Composition (how objects in work are arranged) Themes-emotions? Classical ideas? Why? Propaganda-Does it fall into this category? Why or why not? Final analysis- How is this painting is an important perspective on this period in French and World History? The Oath of the Tennis Court (Jacques Louis David, 1791) Le Peletier Assassinated (1793) The Death of Marat (1793) Napoleon Crossing the Alps ( ) AP World History (1/23) Do Now: The title of this cartoon is The Radicals Arms by George Cruikshank It was created in 1819 What is his perspective on the French Revolution? What evidence from the picture supports your answer? Chapter Sixteen (due 1/28) Chapter fifteen quiz same day (1/28) Pp Terms Industrial Revolution Enclosure movement (effects) Interchangeable parts James Watt Demographic transition Laissez-faire Revolutions in the Caribbean and Latin America Reaction to success of American and French Revolutions Focus on enlightenment ideas Center around key social issues Slavery Independence Haitian Revolution ( ) Different groups had different ideas Plantation owners-gain home rule Gens de couleur-mixed race small planters and merchants- political equality Slaves? Neither of first two groups cared to change their station Toussaint LOuverture-former slave who leads a rebellion throughout the colony Strong army Gains control of island Produces a constitution granting citizenship and equality to all residents of the colony Rebellion put down by French troops and Toussaint arrested and sent to France Haiti-first independent black republic in Western Hemisphere (lots of instability over ensuing years) AP World History (1/26) Do Now: Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Haitian Revolution? A. The plantation economy continued to flourish. B. slaves were freed. C. The United States refused to recognize Haitis independence. D. Other independence movements followed. E. the economic growth of the island was slowed. AP World History (1/26) Which of the following is NOT a catalyst for political revolution? A. excessive taxation B. a large gap between rich and poor C. A powerful feminist movement D. a large underclass E. A corrupt and uncaring regime. How important was Toussaint L Oeverture in history? He was a contemporary of George Washington, Napoleon, and Simon Bolivar; however, not given same attention Read through the list of his accomplishments and /or effects on history Which three do you feel had the greatest impact on the world? Why? Why is he not studied/taught as often as his contemporaries? One final note to consider In overthrowing me, you have done no more than cut down the trunk of the tree of the black liberty in St- Domingue-it will spring back form the roots, for they are numerous and deep. Toussaint Louverture My decision to destroy the authority of the blacks in Saint Domingue (Haiti) is not so much based on considerations of commerce and money, as on the need to block for ever the march of the blacks in the world. Napoleon Bonaparte Other revolutions Latin America Conflict between creoles (Europeans born in Latin America) and peninsulares (Europeans born on the Iberian Peninsula) Creoles-similar to patriots in American Rev. Resent control by mother country Want political independence Not concerned with social egalitarianism (slave owners) Napoleons invasion of Spain and Portugal kicks off most of these revolutions Juntas-organizations of military rulers Mainly made up of creoles who push their own ideas Names and places (see pg. 372 in Wood) Simon Bolivar ( ) creole- victorious in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. Slavery a key sticking point Spanish actually free slave to support the crown against Bolivar Struggles with regional factions (keeping everyone happy) Jose de San Martin (1816)-independence for Argentina Also struggled with factions (had support of Chileans and Argentines- but unable to keep splits from developing with Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia Brazil-King Pedro declares it independent in 1822 (with him still in command) Again-slavery-lifeblood of economy (feared uprising like in Haiti) Mexico-Started by priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1810 Targeted both Spanish officials and creoles Fought for peoples rights-Costilla and his successor both executed Augustin de Itrubide-creole who works with peasants to declare independence in 1821 Other revolutions Abolition and Womens rights What do the two have in common? How are they different? Read the following quotes Identify each as abolition or womens rights Why did you categorize it this way? What SPRITE categories does the speaker focus on? How does it connect social revolutions to politics, religion, etc.? Quote #1: Be faithful, be vigilant, be untiring in your efforts to break every yoke, and let the oppressed go free. Come what may - cost what it may - inscribe on the banner which you unfurl to the breeze, as your religious and political motto - "NO COMPROMISE WITH SLAVERY! NO UNION WITH SLAVEHOLDERS You may choose to look the other way but you can never say again that you did not know. I have as much muscle as any man, and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man that is now. As for intellect, all I can say is, if a woman have a pint, and a man a quart -- why can't she have her little pint full? I earnestly wish to point out in what true dignity and human happiness consists. I wish to persuade women to endeavor to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those beings are only the objects of pity, and that kind of love which has been termed its sister, will soon become objects of contempt.