1204: King John of England loses his ancestral lands in Normandy. Over the next decade, he will struggle to regain them with expensive, unsuccessful battles that provoke anger amongst barons.

1207: Pope Innocent III and King John disagree on the candidates for the Archbishop of Canterbury, which is the highest religious position in England. King John ignores the Popes authority in the appointment.

1208-1213: Pope Innocent III places an Interdict on England, which denies the country of the sacraments and burials on consecrated grounds. This ends when John gives into Papal authority.

Power Struggles Between King John of England, Barons & Church

Pre-13th century: Kings lead by ‘vis et voluntas’ or “force and will.”

June 1214: With tensions mounting between the barons and the King, this radical document is sealed by King John in a desperate attempt to avoid civil war. It states that nobody, including the king, is above the law of the land.

Magna Carta Drafted and Sealed

September 1215: At the request of King John of England, the Pope declares Magna Carta to be “null and void” because John had been “forced to accept” it. As a result, a civil war erupts.

1216: After King John’s death, his young son Henry III’s regency government issues a revised version of Magna Carta in order to win supporters.

1297: Upon his coronation, King Edward I reissues the 1225 version of Magna Carta and confirms it as part of England’s statute law.

1354: King Edward III extends Magna Carta to all men, not just free men.

Civil War Erupts, Magna Carta Transforms

1627: In reaction to the tactics King Charles I used during his “personal rule” Parliament approves The Petition of Right, affirming that taxation without parliamentary consent and forced loans are illegal as well as arbitrary imprisonment.

1649: King Charles I, who fought the English and Scottish parliaments during the English Civil War, is executed for high treason. During his trial, Magna Carta was cited.

1679: The Habeas Corpus Act is passed. This act defines a process courts must follow while examining the legalities of a prisoner’s detention.

1689: The Bill of Rights is passed. Based on the principles of the Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchs and lays the foundations for the world’s first parliamentary democracy.

1770’s: American colonists cite Magna Carta as they lament taxation without representation.

Magna Carta’s Legacy

The Timeline ofMagna Carta

Clause 38: ‘In future no official shall place a man on trial upon his own unsupported statement, without producing credible witnesses to the truth of it.’

Clause 39: ‘No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land.’

Clause 40: ‘To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice.’

Three clauses of Magna Carta continue to influence governments today:

You're invited to join us on our FREE Orientation Tour!

As a thank you for choosing Brightspark for your next student tour, we invite you to join us for our free 2015 Orientation Tour! On a Brightspark Orientation Tour you can expect to meet other teachers who love to travel all while exploring exciting destinations and learning how a Brightspark tour operates.

REQUEST TO RESERVE A SPOT AT: info.brightsparktravel.com/teacher-orientation-tour

REQUEST MUST BE SUBMITTED ONLINE BY 10/03/15Please note - Orientation Tour spots are first come, first served and space is limited.

11.13.15through

11.15.15

WHEN:

WHERE:

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Sponsor must currently have a booked overnight tour with 40+ passengers. Sponsor must be new to Brightspark. Limit to one Orientation Tour per year. One free spot per tour booked. All participants must submit the request to reserve your spot by the deadline to be considered eligible for travel. Subject to other T&Cs.

ORIENTATION TOUR

WASHINGTON,D.C.

FRIDAY - NOVEMBER 13, 2015

SATURDAY - NOVEMBER 14, 2015

SUNDAY - NOVEMBER 15, 2015

• Airport arrivals early evening • Hotel check-in• Evening reception hosted by Brightspark

• Breakfast at hotel with Getting to Know Brightspark session• Tour of Colonial Williamsburg and group photo• Guided Capitol Tour• Group photo at Grant Memorial• White House photo stop• Madame Tussauds • Lincoln, Vietman and Korean Memorials• Lunch at Pentagon City Mall• Arlington Cemetery by tram• Dinner cruise

• Breakfast at hotel • MLK, Jefferson & FDR Memorials• sightseeing on your own (visit the Holocaust Museum or Smithsonians)• Lunch on your own• Depart for airport

Welcome!

PRELIMINARY ITINERARY:subject to change

BRING A GUEST:

Land package and airfare: $400

800TH ANNIVERSARY