Manual for Trench Artillery

8/8/2019 Manual for Trench Artillery

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-:- 53

1 iron try square,1 plane,4 screw drivers bits,

. :3 bastacd files,2 half smooth files,n file handl~s,1 riveting hammer,4. bits,1 poke shave,1 farrier's punch,

1. small hand saw,1 key-hole,1 buck,3 twist-drills, Nos. 32, 20, 14.1. brac8, ,

1 . 1. steel meter rule,

PIcketing outfit including:1 picket rope,1 picket sledge,2 large pickets,2 small pickets,1. spare wagon pole,2 axle pins,1 wagon paulin,2 lashing ropes,,2 spare traces,1 spare traces bag,2 padlocks,1 padlock key, ,

1 water pail,1 8ho\'el,1 pitk,

50 axle pin thongs,1 kilogram l'ags,.6 sickles,

1 scythe blade,1 scytha ring,1 scythe wedgf',1 scythe handlf',1 small anvil,1 hammer,



54

1 whet stone sheath,1 scythe belt.

E.3 covered wagons,

Wagon NO.1 containing:Baggage,! .Battery records,

Wagon' No.2 containingReserve rations,

Wagon No.3 containingDaily ;ations. . . . .' . (j f

The followmg acceSSOrIes are dlstrzbuted amonI''3 ~agons :

1 spare wagon poIR,3 axle pins,6 spare traces,.3 spare trace bags,1 large grease pail,1 spade,1 pick,

2.5 kilos hea vy grease.

F.1 roIling kitchen.

G.

.On wagon carryl,

blacksmith eqtl 1

ment,

14 spare wagon poles (one at the lefL side of e8wagon),

5 NO.1 axle pins,5 No.2 axle pins,7 shoulder wash~~rs (5 No. 1

and 2 No.2),7 friction \vashers (5 No. :l

and 2 No.2),

7 stud washers (5 No.1 and 2No.2),28 sp:1l'e traces,14 spare trace bags (1 under the se'at of each

- ---- --...........,...

:

wagoJ1



55

B H.12G~gineer and Buttery tools (distI'ibiltedamong the

. S. wagons) : .1 large cleaninfJ' brush1 large grease brush, ,~. two-men cross cut saws"! sheaths for two-man cross cut saws ..2 wire cutters,2 leather cases for wire cutters.

<1 axes .8 spades

40 shoYel~,6 intrenching tools with cases,6 rock picks .

20 p ick axes,'

4 bolos,2 wire cutters,2 hand axes.

1...

Accessories.

, 1 muzzle cover on the mortar1 ,. 1 canvas-leather breeeh cover, on the mortar,

1? r~mm:r, in the mortar, . .... plCkltmg outfits (one in each of the 12 park

wagons), each outfit consisting of :1 picket rope,1 picket sledge, .2 large pickets,2 small pickets,7 bicycle oil cans (one in each alternate G.,~.

wagon, on inside of left dol' of underslungbox), .

12 lashing ropes, for battery hags,

14 grease p8.ils (one hooked between frontwheels of each G. S. wagon),1 3-liter can of kerosene (in G. S. wagon contain-

ing thA accessories), I

7 No. 7 and No.5 cans of oil (on inside left doorof underslung. box on each odd-numbered

'



56-

31 padlock keys,14 water pails (one on each front a~le of G

wagon), " ,12 candle lanterns (in coyered wagon No.

1.2 65-kilogram battery bags (in covered wagNo.2), "1 20-ton jack with hand spike (in wagon Cf

rying blacksmith's tools). 'Pro,:isions and miscellaneous objects: ,

100, kilog 1 am forge coal (in blacksmith's wag ot10 kilogram 4 mm. wire,

10 kilogram 70 mm. nails, ,5 kilogram candles (in each G. S. wagon),

42 kilogram heavy grea$'e (.1 kg. in eachpail),

7 kilogram sperm oil (1 kg. in each No.and No.5 can),

E'l liters kerosene,1 set of account books, pam ph!c~s; etc .

-

'

--- ....

~)

grea





FIG. 2 . Firing mechanism.

f-II

I'/IIII

I'III

l:::)

.

I,IIIIIIIIIII

't_

o.:Joo_2:'000

II

Depth of exca vation 0 ':'560I

I"::>"::>

.")

O/rectl'on of ftre )IIII

IIII

FIG. 3. Excavation for platrorm.

--:t-"I

IIII,IIIIII

"::>

II

IIIIIII,II

_.:t

------ ..,..~~

-

~ ~ ~

--- -- _

~

-

J

~



r------ 11"':'735 -'--- _.~

O/reet/on of /ire

» :>

FIt;. 4. Setting of lower channel-irons.

- - - -

-



A

~.,.~

c

/':'/00. ------,.i

Directionof flr:» 7

/'."//5_ -r 18/

' -<----

A

\ I

/':'665

CFIG. 5. Frame and lower sleepers assembled .

J/, I

fII

I

II

G ,"'0 I

r<_)I O~ I "80I 300 : k-,c _-;- ,

'- - - - - .- , f I -1\--'o I ~ - '

I~II

I,II,II

I

~.

"- -t.

!III

C CII

E I GI II

.J I

I

----- ,

- - - -

-

--

~ --- -- - ---

-

~ __

__ _

- -

~ ~ ~



~'f-l'JJ-_ .,II

J,

:~, ,II1.1-I'

II

'I;~ \'

I~

I:1 ~ ',:

, ~1iJ':

I'

,~I~I~II

I

'I'I

1~, I

:~I

P L A N

Ic,1~66J

t.

".:

I I

~tl--j I

--/

>i'-~ :

IIII

Ij

.. 1

i:LL _

FIG. 6. Assemhled platform.

I

I

" "

~ "

I

"

!

______ _

~

I

~

~

I

,

-



PulverizedMe/inite---. .(2S gr.)

Me/indeCartridge .

r'approx.l Kg.)

':'::",.

:;~:~,:_... _.

';;?,:,.~.~~.,

.:~:.;::~~........:.

:::~~L:

o

o o

---.'---f,II,I,:

.:..,•I.

'.Exp'lo.sive'II.,.....1

•• Th~'cknesI

I

:I

III

W1shero!

p~raml1eIIIIII,,IIItIIII

I

•o 0

o 0

o 0

o 0

o 0

• _. -.)1

FIG. 7. Bomb )Iudel I!)IG, type T. Longitudinal seeti, n

- __ _ -----==== == -, - =

_

__

"

_

~ '

_

~

:

-



t-'l'II

I,

*-- --l\)1

:\

~t:::-:t-.,

\0:"l!!Il' :

~:~~::::'\' t----I I

II

, I

~:: ~:, I

: :I ,

I •,: :I

:"t:-:: ~iI •~:-.-....,) ....

- - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FIG. 8. Propelling charge.

• felt

Holef4toSmm.diamJ

•. ISgr. f3powder

__

:

~~----

~ '

~

' '

i

~

- --

-

___

___



.. BodyoFfuseFiring -pm

..SaFety-spring

Saf'ety-hlock

.. Boss

... Arming-spring

Relay of' compressedpowder

Delay powder-train

Compressed powder

. Detonator 012 gr. oFFu/minate

I

FH;. !J. 2q/3, P. n. l\Iodell!)lG delay fuse (Fuse unarmed).

FIG ; 10. Details of fuse.

- -- - -

___'

-

_

-

-







.





~ -----~--~~,....~ ....

•

FIG. 15. Enflladed trench.

•. o :

-



[hreetion3950

FIG. 16. Salient.

M1}MaChine

M2 Emplace

}/1inenwe

MW .Emplace/)

-



~ltI:::I:~-~iiiliiali --------

PRINTED BY BERGER-LEVRAULT, NANCY (l\l.-ET-M.)



No. 520.

For Official Use only.

Issued down to include all Officersand Batteries of Trench Artillery.

Not to be taken into Front Line Trenches.

'---------------------MANUAL\

I

1'1'RENCH

FOR

ARTILLERY

UNITED STATES ARMY

(PROV!SIONAL)

PART V

THE D8 No. 2 TRENCH MOUTAH

II",'ADQ,UARTERS AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES

FRANCE

M a r c h . 1 9 1 8 .



HEADQUARTERS AMERICAN EXPEDITIONA

March 30, 1918.

1'h.'lJid IS manual is published for the information andaUce of aU:concerned.

By command of General Pershing:

JAMES G. HARBORD,Brigadier General,

Chief of Staff.

Official :

13ENJ• ALVORD,.Adjutant General.



PAnT!)AItT

lJ~'\ItT

lJAItT

lJ.'\ItT

M A N U A L

FOR

rfRENCH ,AR11LLERYUNITED STATES ARMY

(Provisiona.l.)

I. Trench artillery.II.' Formations and maneuvers.

III. 6" Newton trench mortal' (English).

IV. 240 mm. trench mortlar (French).

V. 58 mm. No.2 trench mortar (Frenc ).

--

-

-

-



TABLE OF CONTENTS.

cC1I!.1'TER I. Description of mater'iel1I!.1'TER II. Installation of platform and

Cll ' mortar. • • • . . • • . . •Cn:!.1'TER II I. Transportation of the piece. •Cll!.1>TER IV. Care of materiel • • . •.••CII!.PTER V. Service ofthe piece. . . • . •t:

ll!.1>TER VI. Aiming and laying . . . . • •

Cll!.1>TERVII. Irregularities of fire. • . • . •!.1>TERVIII. Targets and methods of attack.

.l\1'1>E.l\P1' NDIXA. Rmge tables •.ENDIX B. List of materiel.

Pages.

9-18

1920-212223-2728-3132-3637-400

401-404045-50

-_

-----_

--



!

PART V.

rrIIE 58 No.2 'fIlEN CII.l\10HTAIl.

-----------------------

CHAPTER 1.

MATERIEL.

THE PIECE.'

to.l'h~ piece. is divided into' four plain p'arts; thel1',ortarproper, the carriage, the bed and the .platform.

Ig. 1 shows the assembled piece complete.

THE MORTAR PROPER.

8tel'he .parts' of the mortar prope'r are the barrel, ofhr el wIth a smooth bore of 58.3 mm. (2.29 inches), the10ee?h end, the elevating-band with two elev~tionto.ekIng bolts, washers, and wing nuts for clamping thert.ortar at the proper elevation, and the firing mecha-1~s~ ad~pter, sc~ewed into breech end~ Fig. 2 8ho~s ath1l5Itudmal sectIOn of the mortar proper, and FIg. 3

e percussion firing-mech~nism ..

THE CARRIAGE.

""';hhe carriage consists of two cast iron cheeks, each

l/ a slotted guide for the elevation bolts (Fig. 1); airt°ugh into which the cheeks fit, the axle, which isthSerted through holes in the trough, the cheeks, andi/1,rOugh the breech end of the mortar, and the ele~at-ol mechanism. This elevating mechanism consists

a steel oscillating support, threaded internally



10

with a left-hand thread, a bronze elevating hawheel on a bronze screw threaded externally with aI/hand thread to fit the oscillating support and internwith a right hand thread of twice the pitch. A s

screw, threaded to fit the right hand thread ofbronze screw, is fastened by a pin to a small yoke.the elevating band of the mortar. The oscillatlsupport is. fastened by two bolts through the slottguides of the two cheeks of the carriage (Fig.The back part of the trough consists of a high

plate on the back of which is bolted a.steel piece Olrying a lug and the traversing clamp screw.trough is provided at the front with two transporttion rings and at the back with two traversing rings.

THE BED.

(Fig. 5.) The bed consists of five oak timbers,short and three long, the latter being fastened tother at the front by a channel iron and bolt thro U!the middle of each timber. The middle bolt carrla clamp for holding the front of the' trough to tplatform. At the back the five timbers are hetogether by the back plate, which is sunk into twood to a depth of 1.5 centimeters (0.6 inches)fastened with five bolts, one in the centre of eatimber. The base of the back-plate is providedthe front with a row of thirty traversing holes, 0

inch between centers. The rear surface of the bacplate is divided into eighty equal divisions, each grduation having a value of ten mils, the hozizontalof fire being 800 mils. The middle point of each dl'sion is marked by a dot, and each hundred mils is sta I11

ped with the figures. The right hand edge of the lIof the circular plate is used as the index with the~

gr~duations in setting the mortar in direction. Tb)center board of the bed carries a pivot projecting 011centimeter (0.4 inches) above the wood. Thisinto a hole in the under surface of the trough, anathe pintle centre of the piece. This pivot is 60 cent~meters (23.6 inches) in front of the face of the bac~

-- -

cireu

l

t

a

fl.e

,

fi~~



11

00--0.::::lo0..

0'>0'>

....000.....,....--

'.

----,a)

$:.< S.O-d OJ $:.<

+.> -00$:.< 'C OJ .:: . . . .

0 $:.< oEO

~

~ ~ ~ ~

~



j

12

TI-IE PLATFORM.,

::: ~ -c- ~~

The platform is not always used;>but it is employ

where the soil offers very little stability, andfor the firing of heavy bombs (Fig. 6). The platfo~consists of eight cross timbers held together bylong angle irons between which the bed isNear the front of the' platform are bolted twoangle irons which hold the front of the bed firmlyplace. The rear timber is shod with a channel irTwo clamps are provided on the front timber athree on the back timber for holdinO' down the

,Each timber has a ring at each end t; facilitate halling.

BOMBS.

Three types of bombs are used with the 58 No.mortar, as shown in the following table:

BOMB. EXPLOSIVE.-....

---EIGHT. WEIGHT.

Name. .....--------- - ............... KIriP,

Kilos. Lbs. Kilos. Lbs.-/

L. S. 18 40 5.350 12 PD.L.S. 35 77 10.000 22 PA.L.S. 20 44 6.400 14 P

L. S. andD. L. S. Bomb. Fig. 7 shows a longitudiJ\section of an unloaded L.S. bomb. The three J1lpar~s of the bomb are the body,' the tail and the ~I

wings. The body, of steel, consists of three pa~welded together" a cylindrical portion with a tapfing part at each end, as shown. The nose of t 1,

bomb ~s threaded for the fuse w~ll. in the. L/bomb (Ill tho case of the D.L.S. bomb It ISthreadeda retaining plug) and the rear part of the bodY I

- -

alw8t

placesIl

b

---'" ~

-~- ' --

~

I

r



ILOADING OF BOMBS.

13 .)'

, ~:eters in diameter, is screwed into the body. TherigiJ~ are of pressed steel with a pressed :rib to give

t. the bIty, and are welded to the rear tapermg part ofr. tar ody. When the bomb is in position in the mor-~\bo~~he tail.is in the b?re up to the body of the. If' and wmgs are outsIde of the barreL

in bg. 8 shows in detail the obturating device usedth oth L.S. and D.L.S. bombs. A is the tail of

I e~~bomb; B is a steel plug turned to '58 millimeters, ~lldetnal ?iameter, fitting rather loosely into the tail

th .eld III by three pins G spaced 120 0 apart. Whento e pIece is fired the pressure on the plug B is sufficienta!l'~rush and expand the copper ring R and force iti~:Illst the wall of the bore of the mortar, thus prevent-fill'Sthe .escape of gas around the tail of the bomb. In

s~ceof this obturator some bombs are provided withrli eel plug accurately turned to 58 millimeters externalf)f~~eter, forced by hydraulic pressure into the end

l' e tail. . .trlethe total over-all length of an L.S. bomb is 79 centi-(.17~r~ (31 inches) and of a D.L.S. bomb 95 centimeters

Inches).t. S' L. S: Bomb. The bomb (Fig. 9), differs from the%d . and D. L. S. bombs in that it has a hollow tailOg three wings made of light channel iron.s heldheei~er by steel ring. The charge is inserted. inhe all thus placing the force of the explosion nearer

~4!l Center of gravity of the projectile,' increasing the~()tge and accuracy of the mortar. This bomb isI Yet in common use.

~'i~he interior of the body is first carefully paintedhl't tar to prevent contact of the explosive with theIrJ~~' The explosive is then well tamped into the'he ,and a hole bored in it axially with a copper bit.1'(, I'etaining' plug and the exploder of solid melinite19I~erted, and the fuse well, containing the detonat-ltf/ arge of powdered melinite is screwed into the'

- -

~

I

~

~ -

~

'



- 14 -

MARKING OF BOMBS.

Data relating to th~ manufacturer of the boitself is stamped in the metal Ilear the nm;e of tJbomb. .The d::tta usually given is U8 follows:

(1) Initials of the contractor.(2) Number of the order on \vhich bomb Vi

furnished.

(3) Initials of intermediate contractor, if any.(4) LGt number.(5) Last two figures of the number of the year

\vhich bomh was manufactured.In white paint on the wing are given the data. rela

ing to the manufacture of the explosive as follows(a) letter showing kind of explosive; (b) initial of pl~1where explosive \vas manufactured; (c) figures shOing day, month, and year of manufacture. t

On another wing in white p&int are given data as,the loading of the bomb as follows (11) initials of p}:ltwhe:e loaded, (h) figm'es showing month and ):eaf

jloadIng. On the re':ersc side of the same wmgwhite paint is weight in kilos to within 100 grams fthe L. S. bomb and 500 grams for the D. L. S. bo~,Bombs loaded \vith explosive P, have the ogiveed green. Bombs loaded with special liquids are palO,ed green and have the number of the Ji~tuid indica t'in white paint., .

PROPELLING CHARGE~.

The charges used with the 58 No.2 with the pCcussion firing mechanism are thp, folJowing :

=

pa~o



15

CHARGE. RA:'OGEODTAIl'iED.

I) I( qograms B r:pulVd~r + 12_gNUIIS F.~.). .. 10 0 to 26 0 m., L. s,)( 1.0 B C + 12 F 3 ) + 2;) gl'. AIL 12. IUO10 37 0

I(~ " BC+12F a)1;"2X25gl'.Att.12. ~4oto 540"(13;) Alt. 12) + 1 2 }3 ' . . . ,120 to 67 0

--II(60 grams lJ C + 12 yral/ls Fa)' .... , .. 120 to 3:J0 Ill.

L. S ,( lio Be + 12 gr. Fa) + 25 ~Ir. Att. 12 •. 220 to 490.,

I( 60 B. C + 12 HI'. Fa) + 2 x 25gr. Att. 12. 3~0 10 7 00(I(jo Att.12+ 12f/r.F a). , , , , ... r~O()to 9~0"

(60 Att. 12 + 12 gl'. F 3 ) + 25 Hr..Att. 12. 640 to 12;)0

J\. L, S 1(18!) yrallls Alt. 12) + 12 {/l'Oms F:l .. , . , 460 to !J 20 Ill.

'/(185 Att.I2+ 12Hr. Fa) + 65 Hr. AU. 12, 7!iotOI4'io"

~Ib In the above .table the charges in italics :11'e theb~s.e charges, elther B. C. powdel' 01' attenuated

Qllstite No. 12 (Att. 12). The other charges are~~tCtined by adding to these base charges increments

h attenuated halistite No. 12 (Att. 12). The basee .argos and increments are as given below.

I WEIGIIT IKIl'iD WEIGHT TYPE DIAMETER of igniting

of of of

charge. ch arge. powder.of bag. Fa powder

charge.

r- -I

lflo grams. B. C. 5Ow~,=n"l

Base charge". 135 AU. 12.160185

--I

12 grams.

Increments. {25 grams. Att,I2. r~W60mm.165 35to:ig"

I I

. The base charges are contained in a lintn 'bag withr false bottom of silk muslin which contains the2 grams of igniting Fa powder (black powder) To

.

" "

" "

" " " "

__ " "

' "

~

" " "

" " " " "

" " " " "

" " " ~



.~

1 6 - ' ~

two seam: as distingUishing mark for nightThe 65 grams increment Att. 12 is contained inwhite linen bag with a silk muslin bottom and tbl25 gr., Att. 12 in a silk bag. .

In each case the bags are'plainly marked with tbjeight of the charge, the size of the powder, the dat

of manufacture and initials showing the placemanufacture.

In addition to the above charges the following oJcharges are still in use:

B. C. powder-charge 1-105 gr. + 12 gr. F s powder.J~ 2-120 n + 12 JJ JJ

JJ 3-135 JJ + 12 JJ J J JJ

BaIlistite No. 15 charge 1-80 gr. + 10 F s powder.2-105 n

+10 JJ

. 3-130 JJ + 10 ,.

FnSES.

,..The J. T. fuse. -:- This is an instantaneous percu s'

sion fuse, the action being as foIlows. (Fig. 10). The

percussiun head. and firing pin are held up by t~eshearing \\Tire and safety ring. Before the bomb JS

fired this safety ring is removed. On impact theblow 'on the percussion-head breaks the shearingwire, drives the firing pin into the percussion cap;ignites the charge of pressed powder and the detonat-ing charge of fulminate of mercury. .

NOTE. These fuses are someti~8s marked "a tige".They come as shown in fig. 10 a.

The 9.4/.31 model 1916 Ius'!. Thia is either a nowdelaY' action fuse or a one-tenth (1) second delaS,dction f~se. I t requires nearly normal accelel>atioJ1to arm, this characteristic greatly reducing the dan~rof premature explosion. The action of this fuse ISshown by fig. Hand 12, fig. 11 showing the fuseunarmed. Fig. 12a shows the inertia plunger, t~esafety block and boss in detail, in the unarnled pOSI'tion. In this position the percussion cap) which is at th d' f h i dl f hi h h b i

-

~ firin

,

-

-

-



17[Jir,c . .1)1 e IS fired, the inertia plunger, due to its weight,

g. n;~res down th: spi?dle as shown fi~. 12b until theIt' thOe>E'fSf the mertIa 'plunger are dIsengaged from

fOfrse

of the safety hIock. The sa!ety spring. the.nIe 8liO'hs the .safety hloc}( down the spmdle, rotatmg IthIl5 tI-~ at the same time, until the head of the safety

I 8/Ck IS against the boss as shown in fig. 12 c. TheI d/Inqle, with the percussion cap, can now move a

bttunce equal to the length of a finger of the safetyPlock. When the bomb strikes, the spindle, inertia",unger and safety block as a unit are thrown for-

aI'd b" . h . t . 1t.h . .)Y mertIa, causmg t e pereusslOn cap to s .f l {f'

tr e, firIng pin. The delay action is gi ven by the timetj a.m, as shown in fig. 11. For non-delay action theptIle train is omitted. Th8 adion of a non-delay\'~/t.fuse is never as rapid as that of an 1. T. fuse, as

YhtUe of the P. R.fuse projects from the homb.[he R. Y. Fuse. This is an instantaneous fuse.

is requires nearly normal acceleration to arm andII Sllhilar to the P. R. fuse. The action of the fuse isth fallows (fig. 13). In the unarmed position shown,

fl' e central spindle, the low.er end of which is the firingIn C

b d' . h .th' .annot e 1'1 \'en agamst t e perCUSSSlOncap asCae ~Istance is too great and motion of the percussion",lIS prevented by the fingers of the s&fety hlockhoIldchare between the two bosses of the percussionb . er. When the inertia. plum:er moves down-'Ya.rd . c ,

~p s, allowing the fingers of \ the safety block to

ca.rr.a.d, the arming spring then moves the percussionhIP and holds it upward until the fingers of the safetyin.~c~are behind the lower boss. On impact. the fir-is tS PI~ is now able to reach the percussion cap. Thp.re~n.~oIntermediate charge between the percussion captl the detonating charge and thus it is as instanta- <

P.°us in its action as the I. T. fuse (*).

'----tnf'1F?rmerly, 'in place of the present percussion firingtno~ anlsm, slow match ignition was used for the 58 No.2:IJ tar. A primer of Bickford fuse with a small perforatedth~ter cup of pressed powder a~ the lower end was insertedvhi hgh the tapped hole in. the upper part of the barrel

-~

--~



18 '

PIUl\IEH.;;.

The primer used is very similar to a blank

cartridge, consisting simply of a brass shell with flJminate of mercury perCllssion CD p and black powd eheld in by a wad.

before igniting the propelling charge which was alwaysBe powder. The present percussion system gives roO

rapid firing and better obturation.

-

ri



CHAPTER II.

IlVSTALLATIOI'l OFPLATFORM ANDMORTAR.

"'-,--

h ,In r~cky soil it is necessary to deepen the excavationhY 10 In . and fill with loose sand, soft earth or sand

a~. .rlil~e bottom of the emplacement is prepared byle;gI~g a spaQe 6 1/2 ft. square to a depth of about S",Of eIlIng off and removing all stones. The timbersto the platform are then installed in order form rear

front.

ti ~n interval of about 1/2" should be left betweenD~ ers. The two longitudinal angle irons are laidrllrpendicular to the row of timbers in their properti~~es, with the upright side facing inward and thei" ers and channel. iron are bolted to the angleDtl1s. The platform is then levelled and the bed isthaCed on it in such a manner that it fits betweentoe hngle iron timber number 2. I t is then fastened

t e platform by the front and rear clamp.it ~he trough of the mortar is laid on the bed so thatr" Its over the pivot and engages under the clamp in~Ol1t. In this position it should rest against theha.aduated iron circle, yet also revolve easily. Thea.tt~reland cheeks are assembled, placed in the trough,

l~he axle and elevating mechanism put in position.ir e level of the platform should be checked and,IJf.:10re than 1 degree off, corrected by piling earth

. eath the platform.



CHAPTER III.

TRANSPORTATION. OF THE PIECE.

Transportation by escort wagons. This is teasiest method of transportation but can only

used on roads or over smooth ground. One wag Ocan carry three 58 No.2 mortars without platforrIl'(See Ammunition.) .

Transportation by mortar carts. For transportIl 1

the mortars across difficult ground a special Iig b2-wheele'd cart is provided (fig. 14). Itdesignedcarry one mortar with pivot platform, the equipm

eJ1chest} and two fuse boxes. It can be drawn bhorses, or by man power with a towing bar and fot!towing ropes. I . \ .

Transportation by hand. In trenches it is nec?ssary to transport all the material by hand. A carrl~consisting of a steel rod with a yoke at each end.p~ovided (See fig. 15). The part to be carried vslIpped over the rod} which is in two sections~ all,

is carried by two men, each supporting a yoke on bJ'shoulders.

For carrying the materiel 30 to 35 kilograms (65 tl

75 Ibs ) is the normal load for one man.The following table shows the usual distribution 0

loads for transporting the materiel by hand

-

-

-



21~ort

ar Proper . . . 75 kilos . . .

Carriage. ICheeks ..... 65 kilos each.Trough. . . . . 60 ...

, Axle 30 .' ..Elevating gear. 6 .,.

Back-plate ... 59 kilos,l.l Middle timber, 35 .ed. With channel iron. . . , . . .

Long timbers (1 man for each)each 34 kilos ..

Short timbers (both). . , . . .

1

1 Sleeper, 3 clamps .ll( 1 Sleeper, 2 clamps .

atrorm. 1 Sle~per, 2 grooves .. 5 ordmary sleepers . . . , . .

1 rear angle iron. . , , . . . .'. 2 longitudinal angle irons ...Service box .•

2 men with carrier.4 men with 2 carriers;.2 men with carrier.1 man.In equipmen t chest.

2 men.1 man.1 man.

2 men"

2 men.1 man.1 man.5 men.1 man.1 man.2 men,

TRANSPORTATlo'N OF AMMUNITIDN.

I Ii l'he method of transporting ammunition from' the

. hlle

of supplies to the emplacements is determinedhy t~e battery commander. An ammunition sergeantrn.tts~~mediate supervision over transporting the am-e!llllltIon and is responsible that the details under his

19ge are efficient i:lil the performance of their duty.20 ~e escort wagon can qarry 48 L. S. bomb:s or

&J' L. S. bombs. A light bomb cart (fig. 16) isp~~ provided. This is drawn by either horse .or manho er and can carry 18 L. S. bombs or 10 D. L. S.

tllbs

r;4~Y ~eans of a bomb carrier (fig. 17) one man can}Jo Y two L. S. bombs or one D. L. S. bomb. When

I'iei~carriers are not available bombs may be goar-

(J) In sand bags connected by lashings to a strapif;4Qced Over the shoulder. In transporting bombsIthre rnust' be taken not to bend the wings or damage

e ta.il.

" " "

"

"

' '



CHAPTER IV.

CARE OF MATERIEL.

Daily care. Aft~r firing; the bore of the mofshould be thoroughly washed, carefully dried ,"rags and greased slightly with the hrush.

The firing mechanism must be cleaned. Reagrease should not be used, but the separateshould be wiped with a greasedfrag or a few dropsoil applied. Candle grease is put in the short lanyawhere it rubs against the metal. The muzzle cois put on.

The other parts of the materiel must be keptand in good condition. The platform must bepec.ted frequently. for cracks. \

-

pa

cI~

1



58 MM. TRENCHMORTARDRILL.

CHAPTER V.

SERVICE OF THE PIECE ..

. OWin2' to the conditions under which the mortar.t' IS OJ

h' USually fired, slight variations from the drill maylit e ne?essary. .

l'

If

5 t 1'he mortar section consists of a chief of section,il \\'0 (2) mortar detachements and a drivers detach-

~ent. .f Each mortar detachment consists of a gunner, andOUr (4) cannoneers numbered from 1 to 4 inclusive.

1'0 POSTTHE "MORTARETACHEMENTS. The gunner~rrlInands DETAILS POSTS, after the battery com-ka.nderhas commanded SECTIONSPOSTS. The details

a. e posst as described in the drill. 'A.fter the de~ails have reached their posts, the

gUnner commands PREPARE FOR ACTION.

1'0 CALLOFF. Tlie battery commander may ata.lly time give the command CALL OFF. This com-~a.nd, is repeated by the gunner, and the canno-

ee~s, beginning with No.1, call off their numbers.th 1 0 LOADAND}'IRE. The battery commander gives

e line, elevation, bomb, charge and fuse. Theg~nner repeats the data and commands LOAD. The\V~~ery commander may give the command LOAD int lch case the gunner repeats the command. When'the mortar is laid and loaded, the gunner commands) AI(E COVERand reports NO.-READY, and pulls the~nYard when the command COMMENCEFIHING is

gI b th b tt d

-

-

-



24

-ROUNDS COl\lfl\fENCE FIRING; or FIRE-SHOTS, CO]

. MENCE FIRING; the gunner commands LOAD beforeshot of a series and at the end of a series repor lNO.-FIRED ROUND(S) or SHOT (8).:

When the number of rounds is not specified .tlbattery commander commands CEASE FIRING, orPEND FIRING and t he gunner repeats the cornman

To SVSPEND I'IRING. The gunner repeats tbcommand SUSPEND FIRING given by tbe battery co~mander. If the mortar is loaded or being loadethe cannoneers stand by to resume' firing at all.instant. )

To CEASE FIRING. The gunner repeats tl~e co J1lmand CEASE FIRING and commands REPLACE EQUIP'

MENT when the battery commander commands DIS'JUSSED.

MISFIHE. In case of a misfire the gunner repor liNO.-MISFIRE and after waiting one (1) minute B

second trial of the primer will be made. If thisfails, after waiting two (2) rninutes the gunner inspect.the primer. If the primer has not been fired and tIlepercussion cap is not denteda new firing mechaniSJ11

will be used. If the primer has not been fired b~:the percussion cap has been dented a new primer WI!

be used. I~ the primer has been fired, it will he neceS'sary to unload the piece and insert a new charge.

-

-

'

-

ea

SV

aIS



, COJ/

'8 eM8por!'

:dtb'r SliS

mauds tbe

co J1laded

aI1~

TABLE SHOWING

l'fIE SERVICE OF TI-fE PIECE.



2U::::

o

.



<l.l

..r:::m W

,.Q <l.l

S OJJ...0 CiS

,.Q ..r:::Co)

.S .Sm m0

00.- 0.-m m<l.l <l.l

CiS CiSE-t E-t

II<l.l Q.)

'0 '0

,.Q Q.)

S OJJ...CiS

..r:::

~Ul2-

:";:l ....;t='l$

'1 I.....0

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

~



24.

'-ROUNDS COMMENCE FIRING; or FInE;-SHOTS, CO~b

. M:ENCE FIRING; the gunner commands LOAD before eaCshot of a series and at the end of a series reportSNO.-FIRED ROUND(S) or SHOT (s).

\Vhen the number of rounds' is not specified .th ebattery commander commands CEASE FIRING, or SV~'PEND FIRING and 1he gunner repeats the cornman .

To SUSPEND }<'IRING~ The gunner repeats th~command SUSPEND FIRING given by the battery cOdmander. If the mortar is loaded or being loade ,the cannoneers stand by to resume' firing at anYinstant. ) .

To CEASE FIHING. The gunner repeats t}~e co J1l

mand CEASE FIRING and commands REPLACE EQUIP'

MENT when the battery commander commands Dls':.mSSED. I

MISFIRE. In case of a misfire the gunner reportSNO.-MISFIRE and after waiting one (1) minute ilsecond trial of the primer will be made. If this alsOfails"after waiting two (2) rninutes the gunner inspectSthe primer. If the primer has not been fired and ,thepercussion cap is not dented' a new firing mechamsrtlwill be used. If th'e primer has not been fired b~the percussion cap has been dented a new primer wI!be used. I( the primer has been fired, it will be neceS'sary to unload the piece and insert a new charge.

TABLE

-

-

- '

-



TABLE SHOWING

TflE SERVICE OF TI-fE PIECE.



•

21]

or.J

oZ



C"l

oz

,.Q

so

,.Q

.S

<I io

IQ.)

'"0

,.Q

So

: ..

...::tl;::::;-

.:8 Iz

"'"" ~

~



CHAPTEH VI.

AIMING AND LAYING.

\

:

'

j

.f n direction. When the tar~et can' be seen' rrJthr, emplacement one of the following. methodsrna1he used. .

(1)' Plumb bob m~thod. .The target is either seen with the eye, or its

is indicated by a stake properly located in the

The gunner stands behind the mortar, aligningself with the target (or stake) and the vertical planthrough the axis of the mortar. He holds the plumbline to the heigh of his eye and directs the muzzle tobe traversed right or left till the axis of the bore, tbtarget (or stake), and the plumb line are in his line 0

vision. This being accomplished, No.1, who did

traversing under the command of the gunner, tighten.the clamp, heing careful not to move the barrel.gunner then notes the reading on the deflection scale.

(2) Plumb bob with periscope (fig. 18).This and the following methods are used to locate 8,

stake in the parapet to give 'the direction of the target.The end of a plumb line (10' long) is held at

adapter by No. 1. No. 2 supports the other extre'mity of the plumb line at the end of a long woodcvstick, leaving a short length hanging vertically abO";:the parapet. The gunner holds a periscope above th

1.trench and in back of th~ plumb line, and directs No.-to move'the stick so as to bring the two parts of thecord in the line of, sight to the. target as seen throug)!the periscope. .When the proper direction has bee~determined a stake is' set in th~ parapet, and the mo f

tar is laid as directed in method 1.(3) Simple periscope method.

_ .i

,

.~

-

'I,

directioJlpara~et'1

hl(l1

th

Th

th



.:.t1

A plumb line is fastened to the top of a single peris-cope so that it falls across the.center of the upper lensWhen the periscope is held vertically. The gunnerst~nds behind the pintle center of the piece, sightsthrough the periscope, and directs a stake to be set on~he parapet, so that stake, string, pintle center anda.rger are in the same vertical plane. The mortar may

llow be laid so that the axis' of the bore coincidesWith this vertical plane, or it may be laid by method 1.

(4) When no target can be seen from the cmplace-Ill

fent, the zero line of the piece may be determined as

ollows : .a) Compass method (*). .The angle between the desired zero line of the mortar

~nd true north is determined from the map. This angleIS Corrected for magnetic declination.

Set up a stake aLbout 20 meters directly in front of

the center of each mortar. Place the compass on astake, and, since the needle always points to the mag-lletic north, turn the compass until the N.-S. linemakes with the needle the corre~ted angle as deter-Tninedabove. Sight along this line to\vard the mortarand set up two stakes in prolongation of the line, one

(In the parapet and the other on the' parados. Thestakes will determine the zero line. It is now a simple(atter for the gunner to lay the bed for direction along,he zero line.

A string is stretched between the stakes in the par-apet, and parados and the hed is laid with its axis di-rectly under the string. The gunner may determinet?at the axis of the bed is directly under the string bySighting down on it from the parados or by hanging a'

'----t (*) Ordinarily the needle of the compass does not lie in(1e meridian, i. e., in a true north and south line. Its angle

deviation from that line is called the MAGNETIC DECLI-• ATION. .

rI 'rhe magnetic declination varies (at a given time ) from

{,aCe to place, and (at a given place) from time to time.t.he change in declination, from place to place, or fromIrne to time, is called the MAGNETIC VARIATION.

or'rh e magnetic declination in northern France is WESTNORTH

-

~

'"



,- 30

plumb line to the string and directing ,the setting of'tbbed to bring its axis in the plane determined bystring and the plumb line. The mortar is' thcmounted.

b) Sighting method. .If the bed ha~ already heen set with its axis

mately in the center of its field of fire, the zerodetermined as foHows :

The gunner sets the mortar at zero (i. e. reading 400)1then holds a plumb line at arm's length directly inof the mortar in the plane of the axis of the bore, alldirects the driving of a stake on the line of sight in tbeparapet. A second stake is similarly located in tbeparados, the gunner standin 0 ' in front of the mortar

• b • ofto SIght. By sighting along these stakes some obJeshO\vn on the map may be found on the line of sight.The 7;ero line. of the mortar is loc~ted on the map ?{drawmg a hne between this object and the pOlllrepresenting the emplacement.

If no such object is visible the magnetic bearing 0

this zero line is taken with the compass, and tranS'ferre~ to the map by: conn~cting for declination befor;explamed. A zero hne bemg located on the map, tl!directions to various tarO'ets are readily obtainable l~. b

mIlF:,right or left of zero.

ELEVATION.

The piece having been laid for direction, the gunnerannounces the angle of elevation as ordered by dIe

battery commander. No.1 sets the level slide of tbequadrant (fig. 21) at the angle given, places the qu~d:rant upon the muzzle in the plane of fire and assIst~No.2 in elevating or depressing the barrel until. ~behubble in the slide is level. No.2 adjustg the POSItl O

df the barrel by means of the elevating wheel, allwhen the proper angle has been reached with the heltof No.1 he clamps the winged nuts. No.1 again verI:fies the elevation and if more than one round is to b

1i

fired at the same angle, he verifies it again before eae Jloading. The gunner must not let the piece be fire

-

th

appro:X1ine

rC"



t' llnnb 1 he assures himself that the angle is such that the0111b will not strike the parapet.

1 When the quadrant is placed on the muzzle the4rrow must always,point in the direction of fire.



.

CfL\PTEH VII

IRREGULARITIES OF FIRE.

The most f('equent irregularities are the following

Misfires.Hangfires.Abnormal shots.Premature bursts .

.Failure to burst.

MISFIRES.

These may be dpe to failure of either themechanism or' the charge.

If the misfire is caused by firing mechanism it ma.1he due to the cartridge. In that case the percussio O

system is unscrewed. and another cartI'idge inserted'iIf due to the perCUSSIOnsystem (worn out or broke fl

firing pin, worn out spring, et.c:) a new firing mechil'nism is used and the defective one sent out for repai~,J f the mis fire is due to the charge the mortar IS

unloaded.

Misfires due ( 0 the charges most frequently ocell'in rainy weather. Before firing the first shot do no!'neglrct to singe the bore.

IIANGFIRES.

ITangfires are cauRed hy faulty ignition. In suclcases the pressure developed in the gas chamber is belo"normal and the homb falls short, sometimes not fartherthan the trench parapet.

They are primarily due to :(a) Damp charge.(b) The total omission or insufficient quantity of

hlack powdpr at the bottom of the pbwder bag.

firill

'

'



,j,::

ABNORMAL SHOTS.

In trench artillerv terms an abnormal shot is said~ohave occurred when the projectile reaches less than2/3 of the distance indicated by the range table.Occasionally it happens that a bomb falls too far fromthe line.

Abnormal shots are caused by: .(a) H angfires.(b) Tumbling of the bomb due to a bent wing.(c) Strong winds. These have great effect on the

range especially when firing at high elevations.,

PREMATURE BURSTS.

Premature bursts may be caused by :(a) Premature action of the fuse. A fuse in good

Condition may work prematurely on account of asUdden change of the initial velocity of the bomb inthe hare; particularly when the tail of the homb isnot'elean or when the plug is not quite smooth. Theshearing wire may be defective.

The tail of the bomb may not be perfectly rigid orfit tightly to the body of the bomb. When it isloose the bomb must not be /ired. In such a case apremature working of an I T fuse is almost a certainty.

(b) The bomb's hitting the trench wall.This may be due to hangfires, or to the elevating

handles not being elampedsecurely, causing a dippingof the barrel; or, to failure to check the angle of ele-'Vation to see that the projectile has free passage overthe parapet.' .

(c) The spontaneous detonation of the burstingcharge.

This being a chlorate explosi've; is very sensitive tofriction, which may occur .when the .bursting chargerubs against the inner surface of the bomb, (1) if thePXplosive is not we]] pressed or (2) if an abnormalPl'f'ssure is exerted on the projectile when fired.'

-



-34

\FAILUHE TO BURST.

Failure of the fuse to function. This may beto (a) the fuse's not striking the ground on accounof the bomb tumbling in its flight or falling on aor grqund upturned by shells, or (b) poor conditlOlor tlw ,(~xpl()der. .

DETAILED REPORT.

EVf'ry irregularity of fire must be reported byhattery commander to the commander of the artillery:(through channels). '

This report states:1. Model and number of mortar.2. Kind of bomb and fuse used.;1. The marking of the bomb.

4. The charge used and the angle of fire.5. Appro:ximate range attained.G. Damage to materiel caused by accident.If the report refers to case of a failure to hurst the

report also states: .(a) Kind of ground.(b) Slope of ground at point of impact.

PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN FOR PREVENTING ACCIIJENTS

Transport of ammunition on railroad car and 011wagons:

Bombs should be transported in crates.Crates should stand on. end with the tail of the

homb downward.This precaution is imperati(Je. Bombs should not

he placed in the same wagon with charges and fuses.If this must he done a layer of straw -should he usedto prevent relative mbve~ent of bombs, charges andfuses during transportation.

Bombs should be left in their cases as long as pos'sible.

Care of ammunition. An uncrated bomb mustnever rest standing on its tai1. Officers should superin-tend the stor'ing of all ammunition. Tlwy should

-

d

sl~P

th

-

-



Personally see that the tail and tail plug are not looseand that the wings are stpaight.

, Bombs must not be exposed to the sun rays sincethat melts the paraffine and vaseline composition ofthe explosive and rendres it unstable.

I Charges .and fuses. Charge cases and fuse boxesmust be sheltered from rain and dampness and openedOnly at the time of firing, one case at a time. Cases'and boxes should be closed when firing is over .

.All powder bags affected by dampness must he(~hminated.. '.

If there are 'doubtful bags in a case the whole case!;hould be discarded.' ,

The gunner is responsible for the execution of thea.bove precautions.. Inspection of materiel. Materiel must be carefully~nspected frequently and especially after periods of

Intensive firing.Any mortar, the bore of which is wearing out or

shows cracks, should be replaced by a new mortar.The same precaution is to be taken when the adapter'Norks loose.

Precautions while firing. For each bomb, No., 3

verifies:(a) That the tail and tail plug of the homb are notloose;

(b) That they are clean and have no defects;(c) That wings are straight.No.2 verifies that bomb is well seated.No.4 verifies that each charge bag is dry and contains

the igniting charge of black powder. If firing inrainy weather he will take care that charges,,fuses andCartridges are protected from dampness. .

No.1 veri fies that the shearing wire of I T fuse is notbroken. ' .

it is forbidden to screw or unscrew the metallic fuseIt'ell.

The gunner sees that the cannoneers observe allthe preceding precautions.

The battery commander takes all necessary measuresto prevent accidents to the personnel. He compels(~annoneers to take shelter while each shot is being

' -

--

-



.36 -/

!ired. In all cases he will keep in touch with tInfantry commander to have the z'one in front of t,position evacuated by the infantry during periodsfiring. , .

-



CHAPTER VIII.

TARGETS AND METHODS OF ATTACK.

When fire for effect does not immediately followthe adjustment of fire, the elements of this adjustment

are verified before firing for effect. This i,s necessarybpcause atmospheric conditions and state of ground?ll which the piece stands may have changed. Dur-Illg the fire for effect alIrounds are observed and cor-rections applied to make fire more effective.

Dispositions should be made to insure continuation

of the firing whatever may be the difficulties in thetransmission of orders. It is advisable to give thechief of section written orders as shown in par. 108,Part II. .

Night firing. At night, except under particularlyfavorable circumstances (when searchlights or rockets

are used) it is impossible to observe the points of impactof the projectiles. Night firing, therefore, can onlybe done effectively when fire adjustment has beeneXercised during the daytime, either upon the objectiveOrupon an auxiliary target. The data for this fire forf~fl'ecthaving been previously determined is sent to:ach position commander. If in exceptional cases itIs possible to observe shots with certainty they shouldhe recorded for correction of fire. I

El<'I<EC'l'S OF PIW,JEC'l'ILES OF 58 NO. :2 l\lORTAR

Craters.- The 58No. 2 projectile with a delay action

~Useproduces a crater of variable dimensions accord~lllg to the nature of the ground. The followingd.imensions were obtained in a hard clay soil: .

L lD 1.50 to 3 m.. S. d 1.30

h 080 to 1 m.D L S I

D 4 to 4 m. 50 .••• d 2m

bomb. h:: 1 m: to 1 m. 20.

-

= = =

= -



38

EFFECTS ON TRENCHES. A D. L. S. bomb,point of impact of which is in the trench or witlOm.50 of the side of the trench, 'will destroy it folength, of 2 to 4 meters. An L. S. bomb under tsame conditions will destroy from one to three meteof the trench. Both bombs level parapets andholes, fiU up ammunition shelters, destroy sentIposts and often cause the explosion or the burnifoj hand grenades and sky rocket-magazi-'!es.

The D. L. S. bomb can break in the roof ofordinary machine gun shelter by destroying thtimbering and closing the entrances.

EFFECT ON BARBED WIH.E. With an instantaneous fuse these projectiles clear up barbedentanglements. The radius of destruction is : J

2 m. to 2 m. 50 for the L. S. bomb.3 m. to 4 m. for the D. L. S. bomb.

Chevaux de frise are displaced by these bombs, anwhen chevaux de frise are attached together or fixeto the ground the D. L. S. bomb is effective, in destroy-ing them.

MANNER OF ATTACKING VARIOUS TARGETS.

(a) Block hOllses,obser(.!ation posts, light machinegun shelters, mineJ'lwerfer emplacements, listening posts,sap heads, organized houses, barricades, organizedcrater, etc .

.Against these smal1 targets firing should be executedwith precision with delay action fuses, preferably withD.L. S. bombs.

For demolishing the usual :3 m. X 3 m. blockhouse,from GOto 80 D. L. S. bombs or from 100 to 150 L. S.bombs are required.. (b) Portion of trenches~

In destroying these targets delay action fuses areused. En filade fire is ad valltageous because of thegreater, precision of the mortar in direction.

Enfilade fire. If a portion A 13oLa trench is to bedestroyed, the elevations corresponding to points Aand D riot differing in value by more than half the

-

-

100

--

wir

--



tll ~~rk angle,alf the bombs are fired at the elevation andli Irection corresponding to the middle point M of. portion to be destroyed. If elevations correspond-b ~ng to A and B differ by more than half the value of

or.ks, for- example 620 and 68°, fire is executed on

r pOInts M 1 and M 2 such that A M] BM 2 1/4 A 13r) 1, e. with elevations 630 1/2 and 66° 1/2.1. 8 The levelling of an enfiladed trench for a length of

o to 100 m: at ranges from 400 to 500 m. requires:

from 300 to 400 L. S. bo&'bs.150 to 200 D. L. S. bombs.

t' Prontal fire. The target is' divided into sec-tors 40 mils in width. Fire for effect is executed onPoints M] and M 2, the centers of these sectors. ThenUmber of bombs necessary for the destruction isa.bout double the number required in the previousca.Se.

Trenches are generally doubled by a circulation~rench parallel to the front trench and about 20 ydsIn the rear. It is best to conduct fire for effect onPoint M situated midway between the two trenches.

(c) Barbed wire entanglement.

Barbed wire entanglements are generally from 20to 30 meters in front of.the trench and consist of oneOrmore lines of wire and chevaux de frise. The width?f these entanglements are, on the average, from 20 todO meters.

To destroy these instantaneous fuses are used.

Prontal fire is preferable.(1) TVhen direct obsef'IJation is possible. Fire isCOntrolled on middle or side of entanglement. Firefor effect to make a passage is executed with a single~levatjon and with directions differing successivelyJy 40 mils. .

To make a passage 40 meters wide in an entangle-lIlent 30 m. deep will require:

Or :200 L. S. bombs.120 D. L. S.

(2) lVhen direct obser()ation is impossible. After

= =

-

-

-

-



40

adjusting fire on visible auxiliary target, fireshifted to the zone of the entanglement.

(3) Salient. Resistence center. Closed trenches.The destruction of such an organization requirescombination of the various types of firing. .The WO

is distributed among the mortars of the battery,one being given a detinite target. Convergence'fire is used to obtain the maximum of effects.\ (4) Asphyxiating gas. Bombs with instantaneOlaction fuse break up asphyxiating gas clouds.

-

t

ea



T,RENCH MORTAR 58 No.2.

A P P E N D IX A .,

hr

co

RANGE TABLE.

L.S. Bomb. 18 'Kg. (40 Ibs.). Be powde'r charges.

Percussion firing.

RAXliEill .

IJlctcrs.

10::>gr. BCl;owder. 120gr. Be powder.

12 gr. Fa powder. 12 gr. Fa powder.

13::>gr. Be powder.

12 gr. Fa powder.

Angle of elevation in cleo 1'('('';.

2~O 75260 , 7~280 73300 72320 71

340 70360 69 75 1/2380 68 74 1/2 75 1/2400 67 73 1/2 74 3/4420 65 3/~ 72 1/2 74' 1/4440 64 1/2 71 1/2 73 1/2.'.60 63 1/4 70 3/4 72 3/4

, 480 62 69 3/4 72 1/~500 60 1/2 68 3/~ 71 1/2520 5'1 67 3 4 70 3/4540 57 1/2 66 3/4 70 1/4560 55 1/2 65 :~/~ 69 1/2580 53 6~ 1/2 68 3/4600 49 1/2 63 1/~ 68620 Maximum range 62 67 1/4640 about 610 meters. 60 1/2 , 66 1/2660 59 65 3/4680 57 1/~ 65700 55 1/4 64720 53 63740 ,,49.1/2, 62760 Maximum range 61

~ _



42RANGE

inmeters.

105 gr. BC powder. 120gr. BC powdel'.

12 gl'. Fa pow del'. 12 gr. Fa powder.135gr. BCpo,,:

12 gr. Fa poW

780800820840860880900920940960

980

Angle of elevation in degrees.------ ..........about 750 meters. 60

595856 '. 3/455 --11253 3/45249

Maximum range

about 930 ~eter~

Bracket: 30 for 60 0 and higher angles of elevation.6

0for angles of elevation less thal1 60 0 .1

D.L.S. Bombs. 35 Kg. (77 lbs.). Be powder chargJ

, Percussion firing.RANflE

inmetcI's.

lOagr. BC powder. 120 gr. BC powder.

12 gr. Fa powder. 12 !Jr. Fa powdcr.135 gr. BC powd

12 gr. Fa powd

Anglc of elevation in degl'ecs.---------00 74220 72 1/2240 71 76260 69 74,1/2280 67 ?3 7500 65 71 1/4 7420 63 69 1/2 ?2 1/240 60 67 1/2 7160 56 65 1/2 69 1/280 53 63 1/2 6800

45 61 66 1/22058 654054 1/2 63 1/2,6049 61 1/280

Maximum range 59 1/200about 470 meters. 5720

53 1/24048 1/2

Maximum rangeabout 550 meters.Bracket: 30 for 60 0 and higher angles of elevation.

60

for angles of elevation J~ss than 600.

'

~



dt.S. B)nb. 18 Kg. (40 Ib3.). Balistite 15 charges.

Percussion firing.l\ANGE 80 gr. balistite. 10 5 gr. balistite. 13 0 gr. balistite.

inIlleters. 10 gr. Fa powder. J() gr. Fs powder. 1 0 gr. Fs powder.

Angle of elevation in degrees.

1/41/21/23/43/4

82818079787777767574 -,"rl72 3/471 1/2

70 1/269 1/268 1/46765) 3/464 1/26361 1/2

6058 ]1/2561/453 1/250

Maximum range jabout 650 meters

1/21/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

80787776747371706867656462 1/2

61...5956 1/25345

140160180200220240260280300320~l]340360380

400420440460480500520540

560580600620'640660680700720740760780800820840860880900920

81 1/280 3/48079 1/478 1/27877 1/476 1/2

75 3/47574 1/273 3/47372 1/471 1/270 3/4

7069 .1/468 "1/267 3/4676665 1/464 1/263 1/262 1/261 1/260 1/259 1/258 1/257 1/455 3/454 .51 1/248-

Maximumabout 930 meters

Bracket : 3° for 60° and higher angles of elevation6° for angles of elevation less than 60°

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-44-

D.L.S. Bomb. 35 Kg. (77 lbs.). Baiistite 15

Percussion firing.

!\ANuEin

metcl's.

80 gr. halistite.

10 gr. Fa powder.105 gr. halistite.

10 gr. Fa powder.13 0 gr. balistite.

IO gr. Fa P owdl

Angle of clcvation in degrees.

100 80

120 77 1/2 82 1/2140 75 81 1/~160 72 1/2 80180 69 1/2 78 3/~200 66 1/2 77 1/2 81 3/4220 63 76 1/2 80 3/~240 58 75 80260 51 /12 73 1/2 79280 Maximum range 72 78300 about 270 meters 70 1/2 77 1/~

320 69 76 1/~340 67 1/2 75 1/2360 66 74l1/2380 64 73- 1/2400 62 72 1/2420 60 71 1/2440 58 70 1/2460 55 69 1/2480 50 68 1/4500 Maximum range 67520 about 490 meters 65 1/2

140 64

560 62 1/2580 61600 58620 57640 53

660 4qBracket : 3 0 for 60 0 and higher angles of elevation

60 for angles of elevation less than 600.

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charg



A PPE N D IX B .

~tCOtnplete list of materiel furnished a battery of 58's.,

12-68 mm. No. 2 Trench mortars,. each comprising:

1 Barrel.1 Breech end.11Elevating band.2 " washers.2 Wing nuts.1 Elevating. band nut.1 Cheek, left.1 Trough.1rAxle.1 Elevating mechanism.1 Firing mechanism, percussion.1 Platform.1 Stake, iron, platform.1 Wrench, socket, double ended:

12 service boxes, each conta,:ning :

1 Sledge hammer.1 Riveting hammer.1 Pliers, par.1 File, "3-corner.1 Mallet, wooden.1 Extractor hook.1 Vent cleaner.1 Grease brush.1 Rammer, and brush.1 Brace.1 Bit, screw driver.3 Levers, wooden.It: 1/2 Rags, kilos.1 Quadrant.1 Holster, quadrant.1 Bolt, holster, quadrant.1 Case, wood, quadrant.1 Paddock.1 Lever, traversing. iron.....

.1 Rule, meter folding.1 Emery cloth, 1/2 meter.1 String, 3 mm., 1/4 kilo.1 Lanyard~

"

i



461 Muzzle Cover.1 Box, grease, containing 1 (2 lb.) kilo heavy1 Can, oil, containing 1/4 liter of oil.1 Flashlight.

WAGON EQUIPMENT.

3 Escort wagons.1 Forage wagon, 2 extra tongues.3 Covered wagons, 2 singletrees extra.

12 Mortar carts. .24 Bomb carts.24 Hods.

1 Rolling kitchen.

ACCESSORIES.

6 Tongues, metal, towing, carts.6 Singletrees, cart.

10 Pins, picket large.10 » » small, cart.

6 Shafts, cart.

4 Paulins, wagon, escort.12 » 3 X 4 meters.72 Traces, cart.

144 HaUling .ropes. '30 Padlocks and keys.50 Thongs, leather, axle pin.10 Traces, cart, extra.50 Bags, trace.

4 Pails, grease.

10 Ropes, lashing.6 Battery bags. ,

12 Lanterns, candle.20 » kerosene.20 Candles, packages (1 doz. to package).26 Axle pins.

1 Brush, large.2 Farriers cases, leather.1 Kilo caUlks.1 » » keys.

25 Saddles" draft.6 #, n

6 Three horse sets, draft.4 Two ". u u

48 Horse sets single, draft.10 Picket ropes.99 Blankets, horse.

650 Horseshoes.64 Boxe&, nails.99 Sursingles.99 Nosebags.

.'

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gre



' :

FIRE CONTROL MATERIAL.

2 Field glasses.1 Periscopic goniometer.1 T~ipod, periscopic goniometer.

1 Case, periscopic goniometer.12 Sheets, tracing paper.

6 J> drawing paper.1 Periscopic alidade. .1 Rule.1 Scale, meter.1 Box, U Accessory" .1 n tool.1 Protractor, celluloid.

1,2 Pencils .. colored.S' n drawing.1 Ink, red, bottle.1 blue, bottle.1 Eraser.

100 Tacks, thumb.1 Leveling alidade.1 Compass .. drawing.1 Tape .. decimeter.1 Square.1 Plane table.1 Tripod, plane table.1 Pen, drawing. .1 Declinator, plane, table.

2 Screws, declinator.1 Extension bar .. drawing, compass.1 Bicycle.1 lantern.1 tool box.1 inner tube.1 pump.2 oil cans.

1 n horn.1 Chest .. signal, containing :3 Batteries, sets in leather cases.3 Lights .. signal.

12 Batteries.1 Bulb .. extra.

BLACKSMITHS TOOLS.

1 Anvil .. field.1 Block anvil.1 Forge" field.1 Tools" branding (set 0 to 9).6 Taps.'i Hammers blacksmith short handle

"



rods.palette.tongs.cold. chisels.anvil cutter.

- 48 -

7 'Hammers~ blacksmith, long handle.1. Sledge. .1 Vice~ field.3 Blacksmith1521 n

1000 Kilos coal.2 Bags~ coal~ canvas.1 Horse shoe nails .. box.2 Punches.3 Files bastard.1 Rasp.

ENGINEER AND BATTERY TOOLS.

12 Spades.48 Shovels.12 Handles, shovel.36 Pickaxes.

8 n handles.4 Sledges.2 Handles .. scythe.2 Blades~ scythe.4 Bolos.

12 Shovels entrenching.12 Carriers entrenching shovel.

4 Picks .. rock.8 Axes.4 Handaxes.3 Bucksaws.

1 Bag canvas scythe tools (2 rings-1 whetstone).2 Wirecutters with cases.2 Chisels.5 Handles~ file extra.1 Stock bit.4 Bits screwdriver.'

4 n wood assorted.1 Punch.1 'Square .. try .. metal.1 Hammer~ square head.1 Spoke shave.1 Saw~ key-hole.1 Plane.6 Saws~ cross-cut (2 man).6 Sheaths for 2 man saws.

20 Sickles.

'



49

SADDLERS TOOLS.

1 Saddlers tool chest, containing:1 Case for awl blades and needles.

25 Awl blades.5 Needles, assorted, packages.2 Awls peggng.2 JJ seat.1 Dividers.1 Shears 4~inch blade, pro1 Nippers small, pr.

2 Thimbles.1 Cold chisel.1 Splitting knife and case.1 Knife round.1 Hammer, riveting.1 Screw-driver, small.1 Punch.6 Palms.

1 Stitching clamp.6 Girths (Saddle).1 Harness leather, roll.1 JJ strip 4" by 60".1 Canvas, heavy_ square meter.1 Oilcloth.1 Sheepskin.1 Rag woolen (half blanket).2 Packing, saddle (2 lbs.).6 Thread, brown harness, balls.1 JJ white linen, ball.S D-Rings.

26 Buckles, roller (assorted sizes] Nickled.30 J J JJ Japanned.

6 Buckle rings, Japanned.2 D-Rings 1 1/2 inch, japanned.1 3 inch ring and pin. japanned.2 Edgings, saddle, brass (front and rear).

2,* Studs, brass.50 Riverts, copper, assorted.40 Ornaments, brass, (assorted)

5 Rings, brass, 1".3 1 1/2".

6J J J J

2.'*D-rings, 1" brass.'*Rings, square. brass 1 1/2~.

20 Roller buckles, brass (assorted).8 S-Hooks, brass.

25 Screws, wood, flathead 1".25' round flathead 1 3/4.25 flathead 1/2

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-



504: Tacks, split flathead, steel 1/4".6 ~'" n 1/2".:! oz. saddlers wax. .1 Beeswax cake.

TELEPHONE MATERIAL.

8 Wire. reels, insulated.2 Bags, work.'9. Batteries electric.1 SWitchboard 4.way.2 n 2:: Bells, electric.6 Field telephones.1 Wire, COpper roll, bare~1 Drill, breast.3 Stakes, grounding.1 Pliers, pair.1 Pocket knife.1 Pamphlet telephone.f l Poles, bamboo.

-



51

Fig. I. Assembled Piece .

. .•. ~~C!......•........•..

Fig: 2 . Mortar Proper (longitudinal section).

-

-



52

. I PI'j l l ler.I". 3 FI'!'ing Mechanism all<I!j .•• . ,

•

4 -.EJevating Mechanism.g ..

Fig. 5. The Bed.

_

"

-



0@ 0

I

i 0@I

I I

0- -I@ <::>-4-_._" <0

t@ 0

@ 0

@ 0@ ..~.O

@ IL l

'0Pial de /00 x /4-

I:, f- .. 270~-'--'f.--.210.---~ I

.... l':}!}(} .1

Fig. 6. The Platform.

..

Fig. 7. The L. S. Bomb.

~

- -

~

~

-



54

l?i!J. 8.

Firr. 9. The A. L. S. Bom".-



~_ PercussionHead.

,Safety ring.

Shearing.wire

ri,-ing pin

PercussionCap.

PressedPowdet:

Detonating. Charge.

"

~



a'

I

Fig. IO a. 1. T. Fuse.

Tin foil cap.

-



57

... 80& orruse

. Firing -pin

.. Sarety-spring'

SaFety-block

.. _.80ss

. _. Arming-springI

.' Relay of' compressedpowder.

Oelaypowder-train

-"'- Compresseo powder

. .... -~.Detonator of 2 gr.offu/minate

Fig. I I . Assembled P. R. Fuse.

a b

__

_-

__

-_

-



,

InerHa Plunger.

Firing P/n.

58

Safety Spring:

'/'/ Safety B/a

/ ,/'--:0 .. j/'/

/ U Bopper

Lower Bqs~

Safety SPl

Rrm;ng

peto~afina (/To

Fig. 13. R. Y. Fuse.

__

_

- ~

-

- /

----

-





60 -.:

Fig. 15.

j

-



61



62

Fi!l. 17: Bomb Carrier.

- -

-



63

Fig. 18. Plumb boll 3nd Periscope.-



.,..sw- , f f.

(J) Barrt( 1- Win! Nvfs /(,6G I}(~eop((.sc;) I q J.:tI .2 8 (p-

(J) ea r~/O-J .~: :Jr

h _ --_..--'- I :

c l (H./a -/ "hj 3 ~-'a r -'. 14

~ e ec/ [ead ' p/q Ie> -/30

1

~ 0 (,(I( T;rn/;~,.s . - 2 Z. ."

~

Documents

Manual for Trench Artillery