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Muslim Expansion & Conquest. First four Caliphs. Muhammad’s closest followers Led Muslims after death of Muhammad Spread Islam into Syria, Egypt, Persia, & North Africa. Reasons for Muslim Successes. Muslims willing to fight to spread Islam Jihad holy war - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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MUSLIM EXPANSION & CONQUEST
FIRST FOUR CALIPHS Muhammad’s
closest followers Led Muslims after
death of Muhammad
Spread Islam into Syria, Egypt, Persia, & North Africa
REASONS FOR MUSLIM SUCCESSES Muslims willing to
fight to spread Islam Jihad holy war
Byzantines & Persians weakened from fighting each other
Muslims didn’t persecute non-believers or force people to convert
UMAYYAD CALIPHATE (661-750) Empire stretched from Spain to Central Asia Created bureaucracy (system of officials) to
organize & run empire from capital of Damascus
Arabic common language Overthrown by Abbasids
ABBASID CALIPHATE (750-1258) Capital in Baghdad (trading center) Kept through strong, standing army Made advances in art, math, astronomy, &
medicine Declined because of weak leaders, revolts, &
invasions
MOORS (711-1492) Moors Umayyads in
Spain (Al-Andalus) Capital at Cordoba
Economic and cultural center (trade, new ideas, learning, etc.)
Tolerance for Jews led to new Sephardic (Spanish-Jewish) culture
Later defeated by Spanish in 1492
VISUAL SUMMARY OF MUSLIM EXPANSION