NationalismNationalism

Breakdown of the Breakdown of the Concert of EuropeConcert of Europe

1848 Revolutions1848 Revolutions

New Forces in EuropeNew Forces in Europe

Liberalism – political philosophy – Liberalism – political philosophy – Enlightenment – people should be as Enlightenment – people should be as free from gov’t restraint as possiblefree from gov’t restraint as possible

Nationalism – people with common Nationalism – people with common traditions, culture, language began to traditions, culture, language began to associate themselves as part of a nation associate themselves as part of a nation – loyalty to nation, not just to monarch– loyalty to nation, not just to monarch

Some Nationalist revolts do not Some Nationalist revolts do not recognize the rights of other “nations” recognize the rights of other “nations” of peopleof people

1830 - FRANCE1830 - FRANCE

Upper middle-class liberals Upper middle-class liberals overthrew Charles X because he overthrew Charles X because he ignored lawsignored laws

Created a constitutional monarchy Created a constitutional monarchy Belgium revolted against Dutch rule Belgium revolted against Dutch rule

– created independent nation– created independent nation

1848 Revolutions1848 Revolutions

More liberal, nationalist revolts against More liberal, nationalist revolts against

the conservative the conservative status quostatus quo in Europe in Europe France – more economic problems – middle France – more economic problems – middle

class and workers overthrew constitutional class and workers overthrew constitutional monarch monarch

Second RepublicSecond Republic - single legislature, - single legislature, president who served 4 year termspresident who served 4 year terms

Universal male suffrageUniversal male suffrage – all adult men could – all adult men could votevote

11stst President – Louis Napoleon – President – Louis Napoleon – Napoleon’s nephewNapoleon’s nephew

Prussia - German statesPrussia - German states

38 German states – 38 German states – German Confederation – German Confederation – Otto Van BismarckOtto Van Bismarck

Austria & Prussia – most powerfulAustria & Prussia – most powerful German people wanted constitution, free German people wanted constitution, free

press, jury trialspress, jury trials Frankfurt Assembly – constitution for unified Frankfurt Assembly – constitution for unified

German nationGerman nation Deputies elected by universal male suffrageDeputies elected by universal male suffrage Drafted constitution but German rulers failed Drafted constitution but German rulers failed

to accept it & Assembly had no power to to accept it & Assembly had no power to enforce itenforce it

German ConfederationGerman Confederation

Central EuropeCentral Europe

Austrian EmpireAustrian Empire Numerous nationalities – Germans, Poles, Numerous nationalities – Germans, Poles,

Serbians, CzechsSerbians, Czechs Metternich dismissed because of protests – Metternich dismissed because of protests –

March 1848March 1848 Revolutionaries took control of Vienna & Revolutionaries took control of Vienna &

demanded a liberal constitutiondemanded a liberal constitution Hungarian revolutionaries receive Hungarian revolutionaries receive

independent legislatureindependent legislature Russian Army enters Hungary to end revoltRussian Army enters Hungary to end revolt Austrian Empire regains controlAustrian Empire regains control

Italian StatesItalian States

Part of Austrian EmpirePart of Austrian Empire 1848 revolts1848 revolts

Middle-class liberals and radical democratic Middle-class liberals and radical democratic revolutions joined forces and succeeded in revolutions joined forces and succeeded in forming constitutional gov’tsforming constitutional gov’ts

Competing goals divided liberals and radicalsCompeting goals divided liberals and radicals Conservative forces re-captured powerConservative forces re-captured power

Austrian Empire crushed revolts by 1849Austrian Empire crushed revolts by 1849

Legacy of 1848 Legacy of 1848 RevolutionsRevolutions

France – successful - establishes France – successful - establishes constitutional gov’tconstitutional gov’t

Belgium – successful - national Belgium – successful - national independenceindependence

German unification failsGerman unification fails Italian independence failsItalian independence fails Central European peoples fail to win Central European peoples fail to win

independence from Austrian Empireindependence from Austrian Empire Southern European peoples fail to win Southern European peoples fail to win

independence from Ottoman Empireindependence from Ottoman Empire

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Crimean WarCrimean War Russia vs. Ottoman EmpireRussia vs. Ottoman Empire Russia wanted sea port in BalkansRussia wanted sea port in Balkans Austria did not support Russia in Austria did not support Russia in

war – they were allies under Concert war – they were allies under Concert of Europeof Europe

Russia failed to win Crimean War Russia failed to win Crimean War and withdrew from European affairsand withdrew from European affairs

11stst Photographed War Photographed War

Group Poster ProjectGroup Poster ProjectNationalismNationalism

Create a poster about nationalistic revolutions in the Create a poster about nationalistic revolutions in the country or place your group is assigned.country or place your group is assigned.

Information required: Information required: Map with colorMap with color Names of revolutionary leadersNames of revolutionary leaders Causes of revolts; slogansCauses of revolts; slogans How was NATIONALISM defined or used in revolt?How was NATIONALISM defined or used in revolt? Outcome of rebellionOutcome of rebellion

CountriesCountries MexicoMexico South America (Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina)South America (Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina) GreeceGreece FranceFrance RussiaRussia ItalyItaly GermanyGermany HaitiHaiti BrazilBrazil