Nationalism in the Developing World

Mr. ErmerWorld History APMiami Beach Senior High

India British communication infrastructure connects far-

flung Indian population British create educated class of Indian administrators

Educated in European politics and values Indian National Congress (INC) & Muslim League

Wilson’s Fourteen Points, Lenin’s proletariat uprising Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948)

Ahisma (tolerance & nonviolence) Satyagnraha (truth and firmness)

Government of India Act (1937) Creates institutions of self-governance Indian princes, Muslims make India Act unsuccessful

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Proposed a two state solution to Indian independence

1947: Partition of British India

China 1912: Sun Yatsen declares China a republic

Unstable because of warlords, poor economy, treaties Chinese nationalists encouraged by Wilson’s 14 Points

Instead Treaty of Paris gives Japan more power in China May Fourth Movement

Anti-imperialist student protests Chinese Communist Party (CCP) founded by Mao Zedong

Sun Yatsen’s Three Principles Democratic government, Chinese unity, development Nationalist People’s Party

CCP members join NPP Soviet Union lends assistance in organization of party

Civil War 1925: Sun Yatsen dies, Chiang Kai-shek takes leadership Northern Expedition targets communists Establish Nationalist government in Nanjing Long March: Communist Red Army forced to remote area

Japan After WWI, Japan considered a “Big Five Power”

Supported early efforts at disarmament, peace Washington Naval Conference, Kellogg-Briand Pact

Japanese economy suffers through 1920s Calls for expanded freedoms, political participation

Conservatives block most movements Only expand suffrage to all men Military takes control of foreign policy

Events in Eurasia, Chinese Civil War begin to undermine Japanese interests in Manchuria 1931: Japanese forces take control of Manchuria

Mukden Incident Japanese establish Manchuko in Manchuria Japan dominates China, League of Nations protests Japan leaves League of Nations

Japanese Expansion

Africa WWI: Africans begin to fight back against

Europeans Transition from self-sufficient economies to trade

dependent economies Europeans invest heavily in infrastructure Taxes drive Africans into labor market Europeans control most means of production

Cash crops and mineral wealth African Nationalism

Educated “New Elite” African class emerges Jomo Kenyatta

Appropriate European notion of the “Nation” Some look to precolonial societies for identity Some look to race for creation of unity

Pan-Africanism

Pan-Africanism

Latin America New ideas begin to affect political climate

University protests and Communist parties Concern for Indians and African-Americans

Latin American economy export based Dependent on U.S. and European markets

Dollar Diplomacy & the Roosevelt Corollary U.S. money and military intertwined in Latin America

FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy U.S. signs “sweetheart treaties” trains local armies Good Neighbor Policy failures and successes

Nicaraguan Civil War Lazaro Cardenas and PeMex

Cultural Exchange and the GNP Carmen Miranda and the United Fruit Company