Upload
tuisyen-dewan-hj-ali
View
248
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
1/12
Krehc-krehc Agrh
8.Krehc-krehc agr`h mgrfuces` uctuo ngcegshc rhceshcehc(st`nui), yhce ngruphohc pgrumhlhc a` sgogi i ce o th.
=.]hceshcehc (st`nuius) `hihl pgrumhlhc yhce tgrlhs`i kiglsunmgr-sunmgr tgrtgctu ahc `h mkigl ngcygmhmohc krehc-
krehc agrh uctuo mgrtcaho mhihs ogphahcyh.:.Jkctkl rhceshcehc yhce mkigl a`ogshc kigl nhcush `hihl
- sgctulhc, tgohchc, sho t, sgduo, lhmh, mhlhc o`n h, mucy`
ahc jhlhyh.
1.Zgthp shtu ahrphah krehc agrh o th sgcst f tgrlhahplhcyh shtu dgc`s rhceshcehc.
7.Zgnuh krehc-krehc agrh yhce igceohp agcehc pgcgrnh /rgsgptkr agrh (sgcskry rgjgptkrs) h`tu luduce shrhf (cgrvg
gca`ces), yhce mkigl ngcegshc rhceshcehc.
Agrh Zgctulhc
8.Agrh sgctulhc hahihl agrh yhce sgcst f tgrlhahprhceshcehc sgctulhc yhce a`ogchohc kigl kmdgo yhce
tgrtgctu.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XDqGdMDJRGY/TtEjUM6fW1I/AAAAAAAAAJk/AKuGCiVPC9c/s1600/human+skin+structure.JPG8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
2/12
Ztruotur ouit nhcush
Agrns ihp`shc ahihnhc
8.Qgra r ahrphah ihp`shc tgmhi t su pgcelumuce (jkccgj tvgt`ssug).
=.Ohyh agcehc ohp ihr ahrhl uctuo ngcehceout cutrgc,kosegc og agrn s ahc ngnmhwh ogiuhr ohrmkc a`kosah.
:.Ztruotur ih`c yhce a`dunph` ahihn agrn`s hahihl ktktegcthc (nusjig f mrgs), ogigcdhr pgiul (swght eihcas) ahc
t su ha`pks (ignho).
1.Agrn`s dueh ngcehcauce` 'luduce shrhf' (cgrvg gca`ces)uctuo ngcegshc ogsho thc, sgduo, phchs, sgctulhc ahctgohchc.
7.Luduce shrhf dueh a`ogchi` sgmheh` rgsgptkr agrh (sgcskryrgjgptkrs) ogrhch `hcyhcyh mkigl ngcegshc pgimheh` agrh
a` sgiurul mhlhe`hc oui t.
Gpagrns ihp shc iuhr
8.Gp`agrn s a`mhr s kigl ihp shc sgi-sgi nht` yhce ogrhs phahpgrnuohhc.
=.Zgi-sgi nht` `tu ngcehcauce` ogrht`c.:.Ihp`shc gp`agrn`s yhce phi`ce rgcahl a`phcee`i ihp`shc
Nhip`el`hc. Zgi-sgi ahihn ihp`shc tgrsgmut sgct hsh
ngnmhlhe` uctuo ngcelhsiohc sgi-sgi mhru.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k_UZfzp4udc/TtEqjaQNA5I/AAAAAAAAAJs/bwnzlc3dEpk/s1600/receptor+types.JPG8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
3/12
Qhlhp ogpgohhc oui t
8.Ouit oth ngnpucyh` thlhp ogpgohhc yhce mgrmgzha` sgt`hp mhlhe`hc yhce mgrih`chc phah mhahc.
=.@c` hahihl ogrhch rgsgptkr (pgcgrnh) t aho shnh rhth phahsgthp mhlhe`hc oui t.
:.Zgmheh` jkctkl, iahl ahc luduce dhr hahihl igm`l sgcst fmgrmhca`ce tun t oho , sou hthu thpho thcehc.
1.Qhlhp ogpgohhc (sgcstv ty) ouit mgrehctuce ogphah auhfhotkr4
h)Ogtgmhihc gp`agrn`s- Mhlhe`hc oui t yhce c`p`s igm`lsgcs`t`f tgrlhahp rhceshcehc.
m)Mihcehc rgsgptkr - Mhlhe`hc oui t yhce mhcyhom`ihcehc rgsgptkr igm`l sgcs`t`f tgrlhahp sgctulhc.
7.Ogpgohhc ouit phah mhlhe`hc-mhlhe`hc yhce mgrih`chcphah tumul nhcush.
h)Iglgr, p`p ahc luduce dhr .- Mhlhe`hc `c` ngnpucyh` gp`agrn s yhce c`p s sgrth
rgsgptkr yhce mhcyho, yhce sgcs t f tgrlhahp
rhceshcehc sgctulhc.
m)Qhpho thcehc (phin).- Mhlhe`hc `c` ngnpucyh` mhcyho rgsgptkr yhce
sgcst f ogphah rhceshcehc sgduo ahc phchs.
j)Qhpho oho ahc s`ou (skigs hca gimkws)- hahihl ourhce sgcs t f tgrlhahp sgctulhc ogrhch `h
ngnpucyh` gp`agrn s yhce tgmhi sgrth m ihcehc
rgsgptkr yhce sga`o`t.
6.Ogeuchhc ogpgohhc oui t ahihn ogl`auphc sglhrhc4 Qgnpht suct ohc phah mhahc.
- Rgsho`t m`hshcyh a`mgr` suct`ohc phah igcehc hthupuceeuce (p`ceeui).
8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
4/12
- @c` hahihl ogrhch mhlhe`hc oui t c` ngnpucyh`gp`agrn`s yhce tgmhi.
- D ha`, pgsho t hohc ourhce ngrhsh ogsho thc hphm`iha`suct`o.
Ngnmhjh 'Mrh iig'.- Ngceeuchohc luduce dhr ogrhch mhlhe`hc luduce
dhr ngnpucyh` gp`agrn`s yhce c`p s sgrth mhcyho
rgsgptkr, yhce sgcs t f tgrlhahp rhceshcehc nhch-
nhch sgctulhc.
Agrh Mhu
Agrh mhu hahihl agrh yhce mkigl ngcegshc rhceshcehc(st`nui) yhce a`lhsiohc kigl mhlhc o`n h yhce thdhn (pucegct
jlgn`jhis).
Ztruotur lauce nhcush
8.L`auce nhcush ngnpucyh` rkceeh yhce a`pgcul` agcehct su gp`tgi un
(gp`tlgi`un
t`ssug).=.Rhah
pgrnuohhc t`su
gp`tgi`un
tgrahpht sgi-sgi
agrh (sgcskry
jgiis) yhce
a`ogchi`
sgmheh` sgi-sgi
pgcel`au
(kifhj tkry jgiis).
:.Rgrnuohhcrkceeh l auce
hahihl ignmhp
ogrhch tgrahpht nuous (nujus) yhce a rgnmgsohc kigl sgi-
sgi ogigcdhr.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4z_TogGcvN4/Tt5yiDB1gDI/AAAAAAAAAKc/vxz9e6PV6Fk/s1600/sense+of+smell.JPG8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
5/12
1.]kceeh l`auce ngnpucyh` sgphshce pgnmuohhc iuhrhc(iumhce l`auce) yhce ngnpucyh` muiu uctuo ngchp s
lhmuo ahr` uahrh yhce a`sgaut ngihiu` l`auce.
Rrksgs ngcegshc mhu kigl l`auce4
8.Mhu ahihn mgctuo nkigoui o`n h yhce a`sgaut og ahihnrkceeh l auce (rkceeh chshi) hohc ihrut ahihn nuous ahc
ngrhceshce sgi-sgi agrh.
=.Zgi-sgi agrh yhce a rhceshce hohc ngcelhsiohc `npuis.:. @npuis hahihl syhrht nhoiunht yhce mgregrho phcths a`
sgphcdhce shrhf.
1.@npuis yhce a rhceshce hohc a`lhcthr og ktho. Ktho hohcngcthfsr npuis tgrsgmut sgmheh` mhu.
Ogpgohhc (sgcs t v ty) l`auce ogphah rhceshcehc. (Fhotkr)
Ogouhthc mhu.- Mhu yhce igm`l ouht hohc igm`l nuahl a`ogshc kigl
l auce mgrmhca`ce agcehc mhu yhce igm`l ignhl.
- D `oh sgi-sgi agrh a rhceshce kigl mhu yhce ouht,mhu-mhu yhce ih`c (yhce igm`l ignhl mhucyh) taho
hohc a`ogshc phah nhsh yhce shnh.
Oglha rhc nuous ahihn l`auce.- Nuous yhce mhcyho hohc ngceurhceohc ogpgohhc
l auce ogrhch ourhce mhlhc-mhlhc on h yhce
ngrhceshce sgi-sgi agrh.
- Zgmhiocyh, ogt`hahhc nuous ngcygmhmohc rkceehl auce ogrce ahc ngcygmhmohc mhu taho ahpht
a`ogshc agcehc mgtui.
- Zgnhsh sgisgnh, sgi-sgi agr`h a`i`tup` agcehc nuousyhce mhcyho. @hcyh ngcelhihce sgi-sgi agrh
ahr`phah a`rhceshce kigl mhlhc o`n`h.
- Kigl tu, krhce yhce ngcel`ahp sgisgnhngnpucyh` ogjgohphc l`auce yhce ourhce.
Agrh ]hsh
8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
6/12
8.Agrh rhsh hahihl shihl shtu yhce ahpht ngcegshcrhceshcehc yhce a`lhsiohc kigl mhlhc on h mgrpgrsh.
=.Iahl ngruphohc krehc mgrktkt yhce tgrigtho a` ahihnrkceeh nuiut.
Ohwhshc rhsh i ahl nhcus`h.
8.Rgrnuohhc iahl ngnpucyh` agrh / tuchs rhsh (thstg muas).Quchs rhsh `c` ngcygmhmohc pgrnuohhc iahl ohshr ahc
ngceegrutu (spktty).
=.Zgthp tuchs ngnpucyh` mhcyho rgsgptkr rhsh yhce mkiglngcegshc rhsh sgsuhtu mhlhc.
:.Zgt hp tuchs rhsh hahihl sgcst f tgrlhahp shtu dgc s rhshtgrtgctu shlhdh.
1.Iahl nhcush ngnpucyh` gnpht ohwhshc / mhlhe`hc,yhce nhch nhsce-nhsce sgcs t f tgrlhahp rhceshcehc
rhsh tgrtgctu shlhdh.
h)mhlhe`hc agphc i`ahl hahihl igm`l sgcs`t`f tgrlhahprhsh nhc s ahc nhsc
m)mhlhe`hc mgihohce iahl igm`l sgcs t f tgrlhahp rhshphl`t
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GevJAIJuieo/Tt-c-4rHwgI/AAAAAAAAALE/-yaKRijj-kA/s1600/sense+of+taste.jpg8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
7/12
j)nhchohih mhlhe`hc s s iahl igm`l sgcs t f tgrlhahprhsh nhshn.
Rrksgs ngcegshc rhsh kigl iahl nhcush
8.]hsh nhohchc lhcyh ahpht a`ogshc hphm ih nhohchctgrsgmut mgrhah ahihn mgctuo jgjh r (iqu a fkrn).
=.Hphm ih nhohchc a`nhohc, h r i ur (shivh) a rgnmgsohc a`ahihn nuiut uctuo ngihrutohc nhohchc.
:.Nhohchc yhce tgihl a ihrutohc hohc ngrhceshce tuchsrhsh (thstg muas) uctuo ngcjgtusohc `npuis.
1.@npuis tgrsgmut hohc a`lhcthr og ktho ngihiu` s`stgn shrhfuctuo a thfsrohc sgmheh` rhsh.
7.]hsh ihzht sgsuhtu nhohchc tu a`lhsiohc kigl oknm`chsogsgnuh gnpht dgc`s rhsh (thstgs).
Lumucehc hcthrh agr h mhu ahc agr h rhsh
8.]kceeh l auce ahc rkceeh nuiut hahihl mgrshnmuce.D ha , agrh rhsh ahc agrh mhu hahihl shice mgroh thc.
=.Hphm`ih sgsgkrhce ngcel`ahp sgisgnh, sgigrh nhohccyhhohc mgrourhce ogrhch l`aucecyh tgrsunmht agcehc igca`r
/ nuous (nujus).
:.Nuous hohc ngcygmhmohc sgi-sgi agrh mhu ourhcea rhceshce kigl mhu nhohchc. Kigl tu, sgigrh nhohc
sgsgkrhce pgcel`ahp sgigsgnh `tu hohc mgrourhcehc.
8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
8/12
Agr h Rgcagcehrhc
8.Agrh pgcagcehrhc hahihl agrh yhce mkigl ngcegshcsunmgr mucy` yhce a`lhsiohc kigl kmdgo mgregthr.
=.Agrh ogsg`nmhcehc hahihl agrh yhce mgrthceeucedhwhmuctuo ngcehwhi ogsg`nmhcehc (gqu`i`mr`un) hphm`ih
mhahc mgregrho.
h)Qgi ceh tgrmhlhe` ogphah t eh mhlhe`hc h tu4 tgi`ceh iuhr tgi ceh tgcehl tgi ceh ahihn.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vBJgdJNyXoI/TujNc9jV5XI/AAAAAAAAAMc/CA5Vq8NaBw8/s1600/sense+of+hearing.jpg8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
9/12
m)Qgi ceh iuhr ahc tgi ceh tgcehl a`pgcul` agcehcuahrh.
j)Qgi ceh ahihn a`pgcul` agcehc jgjh r.:.Qum Gusthjl h ahc shiur sgphrh muiht hahihl mhlhe`hc
tgi ceh yhce t aho tgrimht ahihn pgcagcehrhc.
1.Qum Gusthjl h ngce`nmhce` tgohchc phah ogauh-auhmgihl egegcahce tgiceh.
7.Zhiur sgphrul muiht ngcehwhi ogsg`nmhcehc mhahc (mkaygqu`i`mr`un)4
h)Zhiur sgphrul muiht tgra r ahrphah t eh t um yhce a` sagcehc sgdgc s jgjh r yhce a`phcee i 'gcakiynpl'.
m)Rgregrhohc ogphih hohc ngnpgcehrul` oghahhcgcakiynpl.j)Rgregrhohc gcakiynpl hohc ngrhceshce sgi-sgi agrh
uctuo ngcegiuhrohc `npuis.
a)@npuis tgrsgmut hohc a`lhcthr og ktho uctuo ngcegshcogauauohc ahc hrhl pgregrhohc ogphih.
Ngohcsng pgcagcehrhc tgi ceh8.Mucy` a`lhcthr ahr shtu ohwhshc og ohwhshc ih`c ahihn
mgctuo egiknmhce.
=.Jup`ce tgiceh ngceunpui egiknmhce mucy` ahcngcehrhlohccyh tgrus ogphah shiur tgi`ceh.
:.Zhiur tgi`ceh ngcehrhlohc egiknmhce mucy` tgrsgmut ogegegcahce tgi ceh.
1.Qgi ceh mgregthr hphm`ih `h ngcgrnh egiknmhce mucy .7.Egthrhc egiknmhce mucy`
a`ehcahohc/a`pgre`htohc/a`pgrtceohtohc ( ctgcsf ga)
sgmhcyho == ohi kigl ksogi.
6.Egthrhc yhce a`pgrtceohtohc tu ognua`hccyh a`lhcthr ogokoigh ngihiu` t ceohp mudur.
5.Egthrhc t`ceohp mudur ngcygmhmohc gcakiynpl ahihnokoigh uctuo mgregthr ahc ngrhceshce sgi-sgi shrhf a`
ahihn okoigh.
8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
10/12
0.@npuis a`lhcthr ahr okoigh og ktho ngihiu` shrhf hua tkructuo a thfsrohc sgmheh` mucy .
Agrh Rgceilhthc
8.Agr`hpgcei`lhthc
hahihl agrh
yhce mkigl
ngcegshc
rhceshcehc
jhlhyh (ielt
stnuius).
=.Nhcus`hngnpucyh` auh nhth yhce tgrigtho ahihn skogt tgceokrho(souii).
:.Nhth nhcush mgrmgctuo sfgrh ahc sga`o t ngckcdki.1.Ztruotur nhth nhcus`h4
h)Nhth nhcus`h tgra`r` ahr`phah t`eh ihp`shc t`su `h`tu4 soigrh (ihp`shc phice iuhr) okrk`a (ihp`shc tgcehl) rgt`ch (ihp`shc phi`ce ahihn).
m)A` mhlhe`hc lhahphc, nhth a icauce` kigl ogikphonhth yhce mkigl tgrtutup agcehc sgca`r`cyh.
j)Nhth dueh a icj rohc kigl h r nhth yhce a`lhsiohc kiglogigcdhr h r nhth (tghr eihca).
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vv2OkytY_-c/Tx_NW0z7UsI/AAAAAAAAAa0/Z_o_-gYaDMQ/s1600/eye+cross+section.JPGhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FndKv26kb8I/Tx_NM97TPqI/AAAAAAAAAas/ezAnx02fdw8/s1600/eye+skull+position.JPG8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
11/12
Ngohcsng Rgceilhthc
8.Rgnmgctuohc ngd phah rgt`ch.h)Ohcth nhth (igcs) ahihn nhth nhcush hahihl ohcthjgnmuce yhce iuts`chr (trhcsphrgct jkcvgx igcs).m)Jhlhyh yhce ahthce ahrphah kmdgo hohc ngihiu`
ohcth sgtgruscyh a`mgceokoohc (mgct) ahc a fkousohc
ogphah rgt ch.
j)@ngd yhce a fkousohc phah rgtch a`ohwhi kigl ktkt si h(j`i hry nusjigs).
a)Ktkt s`i`h (rgihxht`kc hca jkctrhjt`kc kf j`i`hry nusjigs)mgrtcaho uctuo ngcehwhi ogtgmhihc ohcth nhth(tl`jocgss kf tlg gyg igcs).
g)Ogtgmhihc ohcth hohc mgrumhl uctuo ngnmkiglohcnhth uctuo ngi lht kmdgo agoht ahc dhul.
=.Oguphyhhc nhth uctuo ngnfkous ogphah kmdgo phahdhrho yhce mgrmgzh a`ogchi sgmheh`
hoknkahs` (hjjknnkaht`kc).:.Qcahohc c` a`ihouohc kigl ktkt s i h yhce ngceumhl
ogtgmhihc ohcth nhth ahc agcehc tu ngceumhl dhrho
fkouscyh.
1.Zgsgkrhce yhce mgrpgceilhthc ckrnhi ahphtngnfkousohc kmdgo ahr dhrho =7jn l ceeh `cf c t . D hrho
=7jn a`ogchi sgmheh` dhrho n c`nun mhe` pgcei`lhthc
dgihs.
7.Zgsuhtu kmdgo ngnmhioohc (rgfigjts) jhlhyh ahihn sgnuhhrhl.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pgYBrQ1KV6E/Tx_Ne3aDoYI/AAAAAAAAAa8/k5x6aZgTSPU/s1600/eye+front+view.JPG8/12/2019 Nota Sains Ting 2 Bab 1
12/12
6.Lhcyh jhlhyh ahihn ohwhshc phcahcehc tgrtgctu shlhdhhohc ngnhsuo` nhth.
5.Jhlhyh a`mgceokoohc phah okrcgh (jkrcgh), egignh r(hqugkus lunkur), ohcth nhth (igcs) ahc egignhjh
(v`trgkus lunkur).