Preflight Training Plan for First Manned Gemini Flight Crew

8/7/2019 Preflight Training Plan for First Manned Gemini Flight Crew

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Copy No.-- gN A S A Program Gemini Working Paper No. 5011

PR E FL IG H T TRAINING PLAN FOR FIRSTM A N N E D G E M IN I FL IG H T C R E W

R E C E I V E Dc.c A C C E S S&

^IBUTION A N D' (Working-Paper-5011) P . H E F . I I G H T T B A I N 1 N GP L A N F O B FIBST M A N N E D G E K I M I F L I G H T CFE( N A S A ) 8 0 p

N79-78222

Onclas00/53 28661

^

NATIONAL A E R ON A U T IC S A N D SPACE ADMINISTRATIONM A N N E D S P A C E C R A F T C E N T E R p

Houston, TexasM ay 11, 1964

(i-J,


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NASA PROGRAM GEMINI WORKING PAPER NO. 5011

PREFLIGHT TRAINING PLAN FOR FIRSTMANNED GEMINI FLIGHT CREW

Prepared by: Mission Training Section

Authorized for Distribution:

D. K. Slayton f \Assistant Director for Flight Crew Operations

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINKTRATIONMANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER

HOUSTON, TEXASMay 11,


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section . - . . . . Page1.0 SUMMARY . . . . ' ' 1-12.0 INTRODUCTION 2-13.0 PREPARATION AND TRAINING 3-1

3.1 Spacecraft Tests 3-13.1.1 Spacecraft 1- 3-13.1.2 Spacecraft 2 3-23.1.3 Spacecraft 3 3_3

3.2 Gemini Mission Simulator Training 3-53.2.1 Familiarization 3-63.2.2 Systems Failures 3-63-2.3 Specific Mission Training 3-73.2. ^ Launch and Network Simulations 3-8

3-3 Part Task Training 3-93.3.1 Gemini Part Task Trainer 3-93.3.2 Crev Procedures Development Trainer .... 3-103.3.3 Gemini Platform Demonstrator 3-10

3.^ Briefings and Meetings 3-103. .1 Flight Plan Reviews 3-103. .2 Systems Briefings 3-10

3.5 Celestial Training 3-113-5.1 Planetarium Reviews 3-11

3.6 Centrifuge Training 3-113.7 Egress and Recovery Training 3-123.8 Other Training Activities 3-13

3.8.1 Launch Abort Simulation (LTV) 3-133-8.2 GT-1 and GT-2Launch Operations andPostflight Debriefing 3-13


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ii

Section Page3.8.3 Parachute Jump Review 3-133.8.4 Ejection Seat Indoctrination 3-133.8.5 Suit and Couch Fittings 3-133.8.6 Aircraft Flying 3-133.8.7 Academics 3-l43.8.8 Travel 3-l4

4.0 TABLES 4-15.0 . FIGURES 5-1

APPENDIX A - Detailed Description of the FlightCrew Training Sessions (3?) on theMission Simulators A-l


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Ill

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page1 GEMINI MISSION SIMULATOR REQUIREMENTS TO

GT-3 LAUNCH DATE .... ............... U-3FIRST MANNED GEMINI FLIGHT CREW MISSIONSIMULATOR OUTLINE ...

MAJOR STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS TO BE REVIEWEDBY THE FLIGHT CREW AT THE MOREHEAD PLANETARIUM


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IV

LET OF FIGURES

Figure1 Time spent by each flight crev member on training orrelated activities during their pref light prepara-tion period. (Approximately 26 weeks ) ..... , . . 5-32 Mission simulator (2) time required for maintenance,training and engineering from acceptance readinesscheckout to GT-3 launch ............... 5-43a Crew participation in spacecraft test schedule ..... 5-53b Crew training activities schedule (Other thanspacecraft tests ) .................. 5-74 Mission simulator checkout and availability schedule . . 5-8


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1-11.0 SUMMAEY

The completion of the training activities, directly related to thepreparation of the primary and backup crew teams for the first mannedGemini Mission will require approximately 35 hours a week for each crewmember. This does not include several crew activities which are accom-plished on an individual bases (such as study and physical fitnesstraining) or those activities that are considered to be more directlyin support of operations and engineering effort. The time required tocomplete the training activities as defined in this document, will besomewhat greater if less than maximum utilization and efficiency ofequipment and personnel is achieved. A summary of the crew members'time involvement in each training activity is included in figure 1.

The total requirement for use of the mission simulators is heavyup through the Gemini Titan Number J (GT-3) launch date. Table 1 andfigure 2 give the mission simulator requirements. Training activities(crew and ground support) directly imposed by the first manned Gemini -flight will be given priority.

Planning and coordination will determine the relative success infulfilling the training objectives within the minimum time period. Thecrew member schedule must be adhered to. Equipment location and avail-ability will be such as to reduce crew and ground support personnel tra-vel requirements. The Crew Commander (l-l) will be responsible foraccomplishment of the overall plan. The preflight training for thefirst manned Gemini crew is now in progress.


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2-1

2.0 INTRODUCTION

This document defines the preflight training and operational activ-ities of the primary and backup crew teams designated for the firstmanned Gemini mission. It is primarily intended as a guide to theflight crews and personnel responsible for the training of crews forflight. The modification and updating of this document will be theresponsibility of the Flight Crew Support Division (FCSD) with theauthorization of the Assistant Director for Flight Crew Operations.The criteria used in developing this plan were as follows:

1. The preflight training period covers the final period of train-ing (approximately six months) during which selected crew mem-bers begin training for a specific mission. When applicable italso includes their participation in the group training effort.

2. Although crew members are normally scheduled as teams and in their designated seat position, cross team and cross seat train-ing will be accomplished to assure that each crew member cansatisfactorily perform the more critical tasks. This will per-mit some late date flexibility in reassignment of crew personnelas well as alleviate the scheduling problem. The degree ofcross training will decrease as the launch date approaches.

3- Only one crew member will be required to participate in the lesscritical training activities. He, in turn, will brief the othercrew members as to significant results. This applies particu-larly to spacecraft testing and certain systems or operationsmeetings.

^. The backup crew must be as prepared for flight as the primarycrew. This will permit, if the need arises, replacement as ateam or by individual seat position with no or minimal delayto launch schedule.

5. The spacecraft test schedule is the basis for scheduling allactivities.

6. Crew members will receive a brief review of the appropriatespacecraft systems prior to participation in major spacecrafttests and flying the mission simulators.7. For simplification the following member designation has been

assigned each crew member.1-1 Command pilot primary crew1-2 Copilot primary crew (right seat position)


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2-2

1-5 Command pilot backup crewI-lj- Copilot backup crew

8. The hours attached to many of the activities are for planningpurposes and do not constitute a requirement. They representbest estimates of the time involved by each crew member, whichare fairly accurate for training on the mission simulators andconsiderably less so far participation in spacecraft testing.9. The overall plan will be reviewed periodically between the crewmembers and FCSD training personnel. Generally, it will be theresponsibility of the primary command pilot (.1-1) assisted bytraining personnel, for assignment and coordination of scheduledactivities.10. Crew members will accomplish the major portion of their MissionSimulator Training at Cape Kennedy. Figure k shows the check-out and availability for operations schedule for the two GeminiMission Simulators. Some general mission simulator trainingwill be accomplished early in the preflight preparation periodat McDonnell Aircraft Company (MA.C), in conjunction with thespacecraft tests.


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3-1

3.0 PREPARATION AND TRACKING

The following is a description of each of the major areas in whichthe crew will be extensively involved. Schedules defining specific areasof preparation are included to illustrate the proper sequencing of indi-vidual crew activities.3.1 Spacecraft Tests

Extensive participation by crew members in the testing of theirrespective spacecraft is of major operational and training value to theflight crews as well as the test engineers. It is necessary to have anoperator or observer inside the spacecraft during many of the tests.The flight 'crews will frequently fulfill this requirement for the majorspacecraft tests and, in so doing, become very familiar with the charac-teristic functioning of the spacecraft they will fly. In addition, whenvarious modifications of "fixes" are considered or required, they willbe able to make inputs into the decision with full knowledge of thesituation;

Spacecraft tests are normally run on a 2^ hour basis, requiring bothcrew teams to cover the more important tests. One or two crew memberscan adequately cover the less important tests. The crew members will beresponsible for briefing those crew members, who did not participate ina particular test, on the significant results. When practical all fourcrew members will attend the major reviews.The crew participation in the spacecraft testing of the GT-1, GT-2,and GT-3 spacecraft is shown in figure 3&. Each crew member will spendbetween 60 and 90 hours in the Gemini spacecraft and a much greater amountOf time in observing, trouble shooting, and reviewing the status of thespacecraft. The crews participation in the manned spacecraft tests arcprimarily for familiarization and to establish the best testing procedurefor spacecraft no. 3.The following outlines crew members participation in spacecrafttesting. The complete spacecraft test plan and test procedures are con-tained in SEDR 301-3.

3.1.1 Spacecraft no. 1TIME PERTEST- CREW CREW MEMBER (HOURS)

Simulated Launch and RF Primary 8Compatibility (Cape)


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3-2

TIME PER

3.1.2

TEST

Simulated Flight (Cape)GT-1 Launch (Cape)Debrief ing (Cape)Spacecraft no. 2

TESTPropellent Static Fire(Adapter)

CREW

PrimaryAllAll

CREW(MAC)

CREW MEME

888

TIMECREW MEMH

All

Communications (Adapter) 1-4Static Fire (RCS) All

(Assembled Spacecraft)Coolant 1-4Simultaneous Operations 1-3

Altitude Chamber 1-1RCS-OAMS Test 1-2Acceptance Readiness Review 1-4

(CAPE)Integrated Systems 1-4Simulated Flight 1-3

OAMS-RCS Static Fire 1-1Pre-Mate Simulated Flight 1-4ECS Test 1-3

24

2 (Debriefing)2 (Debriefing)2 (Debriefing)2 (Debriefing)4

2 (Debriefing)2 (Debriefing)2

2 (Debriefing)2 (Debriefing)


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3-3

TEST(PAD)

Joint Combined Systems TestSimulated Launch and RFCompatibility

Final Systems TestSimulated FlightFlight Readiness ReviewLaunchDebriefing

3.1.3 Spacecraft no. 3

TESTCoolant (Cabin)Electrical (Cabin)Sequential (Cabin)Propellant Static Fire(Adapter)

Coolant (Adapter)Communications (Cabin)ECS Validation (Adapter)Guidance and Control (Cabin)Static Fire (RCS)Sequential (Adapter)Communications (Adapter)

TIME PERCREW CREW MEMBER (HOURS)

1-21-4

1-41-3AllAllAll

CREW(MAC)

PrimaryBackupPrimaryAll

1-41-21-4All

l-l, 1-31-41-4

4444488

TIME PERCREW MEMBER (HOURS)

444 '

4

4448422


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TIME PERTEST

ECS Validation (Cabin)ECS Integration (Cabin)Module Data Review

CREW1-21-2All

CREW MEMBkk8

(Assembled Spacecraft)CoolantSimultaneous OperationsComputer ModesPre -Altitude ChamberAltitude ChamberRCS OAMSAbbreviated SystemsSimulated FlightAcceptance Readiness Review

(CAPE)Abbreviated Systems TestVoice Signal Wave Ratio andCommunications RadiationOAMS-RCS Static FirePre-Mate Systems TestPre -Mate Simulated FlightFuel Cell and ECS

AllAllAll

i-i, 1-3AllAllBackupAllAll

All1-2, l-k

AllBackup

Primary1-2, 1 - 1 4 -

k864124688

6k

6k4k


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3-5TIME PER

TEST CREW CREW MEMBER (HOURS)Mechanical Mate All 5Electrical Mate All 5Launch Vehicle Flight All 2Control Test.Joint Combined Systems Test Primary kUmbilical Drops Combined Backup 4Systerns TestSimulated Launch and RF Primary 6Compat ib 11 it yFinal Systems Test All JSimulated Readiness Review All 8

3.2 Gemini Mission Simulator TrainingThe flight crew will complete a training program utilizing the GeminiMission Simulators to provide them with extensive experience in the normaland abnormal operation of the flight systems as well as a multitude of

operational anomalies. The program consists of kk training sessions, ofapproximately two hours per session. They are generally progressive indegree of difficulty and proceed from the general Gemini Mission to thespecific first manned Gemini Flight Plan.Table 2 contains an outline of the flight crew mission simulatorprogram. A detailed description of each session is included in appendix A.The general mission training will be accomplished without regard to des-ignated seat position whereas, the specific training sessions will beaccomplished with both crew members in their assigned seat position.Additional training sessions will be available to the flight crew asdesired.Each training session at Houston includes a briefing and debriefingutilizing the systems trainers. The session order may be modified depend-ing upon such factors as availability of simulation tapes, equipment, andassessed value of individual sessions.Training on .the mission simulators will proceed in four phases being:familiarization,- systems failures, specific first manned missions withrandom t/sterns malfunctions, and launch and network simulations.


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3-63-2.1 Familiarization.- The purpose of this phase is to thoroughlyindoctrinate crew members with the typical flight operationsand the normal operating characteristics of the spacecraft

systems. This phase will be implemented as follows:Gemini Mission Simulator (7 sessions); These sessions consistof a brief prerun review of each system and its operation fol-lowed by systems operation on the simulator.*Session 1 - Left seat. Attitude and maneuvering control usingeach control mode including holding vehicle attitudes duringsimulated retrofire and reentry maneuvers. Platform alinementprocedures will also be practiced.^Session 2 - Right seat. Attitude control practice duringorbit, retrofire and reentry.

^Session 3 - Left seat. Normal launch, initial platform aline-ment, and reentry commencing with final platform alinement.Session k - Right seat. Same as Session 3.

^Session 5 - Left seat. A normal launch, last orbit and re-entry. Only the general orbital tasks (no rendezvous) willbe practiced.Session 6 - Left seat. A three orbit mission with real timelaunch and reentry. The typical orbital activities will beconducted non-real time.Session 7 - Same as Session 6.

3.2.2 Systems Failure (10 sessions).- The purpose of this phase isto thoroughly prepare the flight crew in systems failure detec-tion and analysis and the application of alternate proceduresor systems modes. During these sessions only single failuresthat progress from the simple pilot override to the more complextype are scheduled. The application of specific mission rulesis at a minimum.The ten sessions comprising this phase of training have been,to the extent practical, delineated by major spacecraft system.At least one session is devoted to each system. The number offailures per session (approximately 12) is kept to a minimumso that each failure can be discussed and practiced in detail.Multiple systems failures are planned for some of the failuresessions to be accomplished during the terminal phase of thespecific training on the mission simulators.


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3-7

^Session 8 - Left seat. Electrical sequential^Session 9 - Left seat. Same as Session 8^Session 10 - Right seat. Electrical Power and Communications^Session 11 - Left seat. ACME^Session 12 - Left seat. CAMS and RCS^Session 13 - Left seat. Combined ACME, CAMS, RCS^Session lU - Right seat. Same as Session 13Session 15 - Left seat. Navigation and ControlSession l6 - Right seat. Same as Session 15

^Session 17 - Right seat. Environmental Control System (suited)*Session 18 - OPEN

3.2.3 Specific Mission Training.- This phase consists of 20 trainingsessions with each crew member occupying his assigned seatposition. The purpose of this training is to perfect eachcrew member's capability to accomplish his specific missionduties. The simulator will be configured to the first mannedspacecraft and the training will be specific to the MissionFlight Plan. The majority of the training sessions will con-sist of a nominal launch, practicing the orbital activitieson a non-real time basis and a manual reentry. Random failureswill be simulated which normally will not require early ter-mination of the mission. Session no. 35 will be conducted ona real time basis with the crew suited and the experimentaland pilot hand held equipment on board. Critical mission phases,such as launch, retrofire and reentry, are emphasized by accom-plishing sessions devoted to perfecting these tasks. Thesessions comprising the specific mission training phase areas follows:Session 19 - Normal MissionSession 20 - Normal MissionSession 21 - Launch AbortsSession 22 - Normal Mission


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3-8Session 23 - Launch AbortsSession 2^ - Normal mission with random failures (suited)

^Session 25 - OPENSession 26 - Normal Mission with random failuresSession 27 - Launch abortsSession 28 - Normal MissionSession 29 - Normal Mission with random failuresSession 30 - Normal Mission with random failuresSession 31 - Retrofires and ReentriesSession 32 - Launch abortsSession 33 - Retrofires and Reentries^Session 3^ - OPEN. Session 35 - Real Time Mission with random failures (suited)Session 36 - Normal Mission with random failuresSession 37 - Launch aborts

^Session 4^ - OPEN3.2.U Launch and Network Simulations (6 sessions).- The final phasetraining on the Mission Simulators (T-9 to T-2 days) consistsof several simulations involving a part or all of the groundnetwork support personnel as well as the flight crews. Duringthese simulations the mission is rehearsed exactly as it wouldbe (given identical conditions) during actual flight. Althoughthe training benefits are primarily derived by the ground per-

sonnel, the flight crews are afforded the opportunity to reviewand rehearse the mission rules and refine the flight procedures.The crews will occupy their respective seat positions duringthe countdown and launch through insertion. Upon completionof the launch simulation the crew will participate in the post

*0nly one pilot required in mission simulator.


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3-9simulation discussion. During network simulations the crewswill have the option of remaining in the trainer and practicingtasks independently. The launch and network simulations aspresently planned t > u t not defined are as follows:Session 38 - Launch SimulationSession 39 - Launch SimulationSession kO - Network SimulationSession ^1 - Network SimulationSession k2 - Network SimulationSession ^3 - Network Simulation

3-3 Part Task TrainingThe flight crew will utilize the Gemini part task trainers as asupplement to the Gemini mission simulators. The part task trainersto be utilized are the Gemini part task trainer (modified Mercuryprocedures trainer no. 1 with an out-the-window infinity optical display),the crew procedures development trainer (CPDT) and the Gemini platformdemonstrator.

3-3.1 Gemini Part Task Trainer. - This trainer will "be utilized toprovide training for out-the-window vehicle positioning andcontrol during night side of the orbit conditions. This trainerprovides a good simulation of the out-the-window conditionsexisting during the night side of orbit. The tasks to be per-formed using the external display system are: (l) orientationof the vehicle to various positions from random initial atti-tudes, (2) practice is estimating vehicle rates using celes-tial information, (3) practice flight plan maneuvers and tests,(U) manually position the spacecraft and hold retroattitudeduring simulated retrofires, and (5) manually position thespacecraft to reentry attitude and damp the reentry oscillationsusing the horizon. During the periods required to re-initializethe optical display system the pilot will perform retrofire andreentry maneuvers using the Flight Direction Indicator (FDI)under "red" lighting conditions. The flight crew will completetwo or more sessions on this trainer.

3.3.2 Crew Procedures Development Trainer (CFDT).- This trainer, whichduplicates the Gemini spacecraft internal geometry, will be usedfor the development of operational procedures and onboard equip-ment. The advantages afforded by this trainer are early


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3-10availability and convenience. The flight will utilize thistrainer as the need arises.

3-3-3 Gemini Platform Demonstrator.- This device consisting of thespacecraft stabilization hardware demonstrates the actual opera-tion and the flight operational characteristics of the Geministabilization system. It complements the mission simulator forrefinement of pilot technique in the use of the stabilizationsystem.

3-^ Briefings and MeetingsThe two major areas of briefings (excluding those briefings and re-views in conjunction with training exercises) are the flight plan reviewsand the series of briefings on spacecraft systems.

3.^.1 Flight Plan Reviews.- The flight plan will be reviewed approxi-mately once a month until T-30 days. Subsequent to T-30 daysthey will be held on a "as' required" basis. Experiments sche-duled for the first manned Gemini mission will be covered duringthe flight plan reviews.3. .2 Systems Briefing. - The flight crew will receive a 3 "to ^ dayseries of briefings covering each of the major spacecraft sys-tems approximately ten weeks prior to the scheduled launchdate. These briefings will be given at Cape Kennedy utilizingprimarily the engineers involved in spacecraft testing. Eachsystem will be discussed in detail with emphasis on operational

techniques and functional interrelationships.A second series of systems briefings, covering primarily recentmodifications to the spacecraft and the altered operationaltechniques involved, will be conducted approximately 10 daysprior to the scheduled launch date. The second series ofbriefings will require a 1 to 2 day time period. The systemstrainers will not be utilized for either series of briefings.The agenda for the first series of briefings is as follows:

a.m. Attitude and Maneuver Control Systemp.m. Attitude and Maneuver Control Systema.m. Attitude and Maneuver Control Systemp.m. Electrical Power and Sequentiala.m. Electrical Power and Sequential


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3-11p.m. Environmental Control Systema.m. Instrumentation, Communications, Mechanical

3-5 Celestial TrainingThe crew members will further increase their capability to orientand control the spacecraft by the use of celestial information, as wellas make various astronomical observations, through the use of the MoreheadPlanetarium, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the Gemini part task trainerincorporating the out-the-window optical display. The related tasks tobe completed on the Gemini part task trainer have been defined in para-graph 3 - 3 - 1 -

3.5.1 Planetarium Reviews.- The flight crew will make 2 or more tripsto the planetarium to study the celestial sphere. The crewwill complete 2 sessions (approximately k hours per session)during each trip. The activities included in these reviewsare as follows:Session 1 - Review of entire celestial sphere which includesrecognition of relative magnitudes, positions, distances andcelestial coordinates of prominant stars and constellations.Table 3 contains a list of the prominant stars and constella-tions that will be reviewed.Session 2 - This session consists of a review of the stars andconstellations near the orbital plane. The flight crew willobserve and identify constellations and star patterns as theydrift across the window using the Gemini flight plan and starcharts for reference. Red lighting, such as the finger tiplights, will be required. The orbital conditions and the windowviewing limits for both pilots will be simulated. The windowframe orientation will be varied to simulate various spacecraftattitudes.

3.6 Centrifuge TrainingThe flight crew will review selected Gemini acceleration profiles

and associated tasks in conjunction with the Gemini Phase II CentrifugeProgram to be conducted at the Aviation Medical Acceleration Laboratory,Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville, Pennsylvania. The fixture willsimulate the command pilot crew station. The ejection seat contours,pelvic contours, and egress kits will be custom fabricated for the firstmanned Gemini flight crew. The flight crew will wear the Gemini pressuresuit during all runs. Each crew member will complete five or more runsduring each of two sessions. The run outline for each session is as


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3-12follows:

1. Normal launch with a normal modulated lift reentry. The timeinterval between retrofire and reentry will be reduced.2. Abort immediately after staging with the associated half liftreentry.5. Abort at critical velocity and the associated half lift (l5g)reentry.k. Abort just prior to insertion with the associated half liftreentry.5. Normal launch with a normal modulated lift reentry. The time

interval between retrofire and reentry will be real time.3-7 Egress and Recovery Training

The flight crew will complete a Gemini egress and recovery operationutilizing the boilerplate no. 201 and the spacecraft static article no. 5if available. A brief outline of the program is as follows:First Day - A briefing and short film on the results of the qualifi-cation ic.st program will be given by the Recovery Operations Division.This will provide the crews with information on spacecraft sink rates,flotation characteristics, and the results of the 36 hour test of space-

craft static article no. 5. This will be followed by a briefing by theFlight Crew Support Division egress training project engineer summariz-ing the egress training to be conducted. Upon completion of the briefingseach crew will make two unsuited surface egresses from the boilerplateno. 201 in the Ellington AFB spacecraft flotation tank.Second Day - A recovery operation will be conducted in the GalvestonBay or Gulf of Mexico utilizing the spacecraft handling ship "Retriever"and the boilerplate no. 201. During this session the spacecraft flota-tion characteristics on open water, possible flooding effects, surfaceegress an-1 survival equipment will be demonstrated and practiced. Eachcrew team will make two egresses from boilerplate no. 201 including the

deployment and use of the survival pack equipment wearing the Geminipressure suit. Each crew member will accomplish at least one heliocopterpickup.In lieu of the non-availability of spacecraft static article no. 5,the flight crew will receive practice in ECS, radio, snorkel and cabin

v e i i c valve, and other various mechanical operations required prior toegressing from the spacecraft, during their training on the Gemini missionsimulators.


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3-133.8 Other:Training Activities

The flight crew activities accomplished as part of the general pre-paration for the first manned Gemini flight are discussed briefly below:3.8.1 Launch Abort Simulation (LTV).- The flight crew will complete

a program on the Ling-Temco-Vought moving base simulator prac-ticing various abort situations selected on a criticality andpilot difficulty basis. The simulator will consist of theGemini Launch Vehicle controls and the Command Pilot stationlaunch abort instrumentation. The noise and vibration cuesfor a wide variety of normal and malfunction launch trajectorieswill be simulated. The flight crew will attend the presimula-tion briefing and receive the briefing handout. Each crewmember will complete 2 sessions on the simulator. A sessionwill consist of approximately kO runs within a 3 hour timeperiod.

3.8.2 GT-1 and GT-2 Launch Operations and Postflight Debriefing. -The flight crew will participate in unmanned Gemini launchoperations and the postflight debriefing and analysis.

3.8.3 Parachute Jump Review.- The flight crew will accomplish a para-jump review consisting of (l) parachute landing fall proceduresand canopy manipulation techniques briefing, (2) two parachutelandings per crew member over land and two parachute landingsper crew member with full gear over water.

3.8. k Ejection Seat Indoctrination.- As part of the general grouptraining each crew member will receive one ride on the Geminiejection seat tower at the Air Crew Equipment Laboratory,Philadelphia Naval Base, Pennsylvania. The ride will achievea 12 "g" peak with a 250 g/second onset rate. "Slump" measure-ments will be obtained for determining the proper center ofgravity position.

3.8.5 Suit and Couch Fittings.- The flight crew will be given a briefindoctrination on Gemini pressure suit design and capabilities.A short altitude chamber run for operation of the suit underdesign conditions will be conducted.

3-8.6 Aircraft Flying.- Space flight readiness will be maintainedthroughout the preflight period. Pilot's will average approxi-mately 15 hours a month during the entire preflight period witha gradual tapering off as launch date approaches. Each crewmember is responsible for accomplishing the military and NASAflight requirements.


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3.8.7 Academics.- The flight crew will attend classroom lectures ona time available basis.3.8.8 Travel.- The flight crew will spend a considerable amount oftime traveling in support of engineering operations and partici-pation in the various training activities. To the extent pos-sible, travel will be via NASA aircraft. This will expediateand permit greater flexibility in traveling as well as maintainthe crew members' flying skills.


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.0 TABLES


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TABLE 1. - GEMINI MISSION SIMULATOR REQUIREMENT TO GT-3 LAUNCH DATE

TRAINING REQUIREMENT

FlightFirst Manned Gemini CrewPrimaryBackupSecond Manned Gemini CrewPrimary

Ba.ckupGeneral (21 Astronauts)

Subtotal

Ground SupportInstructors

(FCSD) Flight TestOperations Support andAnalysisFamiliarization andProficiency (MCC and RemoteSifceTeams)

GT-2(FCD, CSD) GT-3GT-4

Launch & NetworkSimulations (includes TapeCutting)

GT-2GT-3GT-4.Subtotal

Total

ALLOTTED SIMULATOR TIME. (HRS)COCKPIT

150150

7575

425875

130120130

380

NON-COCKPIT

5010025

607030335

1590


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k - kTABLE 2. - FIRST MANNED GEMINT FLZJHT CREW

MISSION SIMULATOR TRAINING OUTLINE

PILOT SESSION SEAT* I

* 2

3k

* 567

* 8* 9*10

*11#12

*13*l41516

.*17*l8

LeftRightLeftRightLeftLeftRightLeftLeftRightLeftLeft

LeftRightLeftRightRight

HOURSSpacecraft Attitude and Maneuver ControlSpacecraft Attitude ControlNormal Launch and ReentryNormal Launch and ReentryNormal MissionNormal MissionNormal MissionElectrical Sequential FailuresElectrical Sequential FailuresElectrical Power and Communication FailuresAttitude Control and Maneuver Electronics(ACME) FailuresOrbital Attitude and Maneuver System(OAMS) and Reentry Control System(RCS) FailuresACME, OAMS and RCS Combined FailuresACME, OAMS and RCS Combined FailuresNavigation and Control FailuresNavigation and Control FailuresEnvironmental Control System (ECS)Failures (suited)OPEN

222'22222222

2

22222

*0nly one pilot required in mission simulator


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TABLE 2. - FIRST MAN.fS'D GEMINI FLIGHT CREWMISSION SIMULATOR TRAINING OUTLINE - Continued

PILOT SESSION SEAT

192021222524*252 627282950515255*5455

56

CrewCrewCrewCrewCrewCrew

CrewCrewCrewCrewCrewCrewCrewCrew

Crew

Crew

Specific FlNormal MissNormal MissLaunch AborNormal MissLaunch AborNormal MissOPENNormal MissLaunch Abor'Normal Miss:Normal MissNormal Miss:Retrof ire aiLaunch Abor'Retrof ire aiOPENReal Time NcFailuresNormal Miss:

HOURS

22222

Normal Mission with Random Failures (suited) 2

22222

*0n.l,y one pilot required in mission simulator


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k - 6TABLE 2. - FIRST MANNED GEMINI FLIGHT CREW

MISSION SIMULATOR TRAINING OUTLINE - Concluded

PILOT SESSION SEAT37 Crew38 Crew39 CrewkO CrewUl Crewk2 CrewJ j - 3 Crew

Launch AbortsLaunch Sinmlation (F-9)Launch Simulation (F-7)Network Simulation (F-6)Network Simulation (F-5)Network Simulation (F-U)Network Simulation (F-2)OPEN

HOURS2222222

*0nly one pilot required in mission simulator


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TABLE 3. - MAJOR STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS TO BE REVIEWEDBY THE FLIGHT CREW AT TIE MOREHEAD PLANETARIUM

4-7

STAR1. Alpha Cari is Major is2. Alpha Carinae3- Alpha Crntauri4. Alpha Lyrae5- Alpha Aurigae6. Alpha Bootis7. Beta Orion is8. Alpha Canis Minoris9. Alpha Eridani10. Alpha Aquilae11. Alpha Orionis12. Alpha Tauri

13- Beta Geminoruml4. Alpha Virginis15- Alpha Scorpiil6. Alpha Piscus AustriniIT. Alpha Cygni18. Alpha Leonis19. Alpha Geminorum20. Epsilon Canis Majoris21. Gamma Orionis22. Beta Tauri23- Alpha Persei24. Eta Ursae Majoris25- Alpha Urase Majoris26. Alpha Ursae Minoris27- Beta Persei28, Kappa Orionis20. Beta Leonis30. Beta Ceti31. Zeta Ursae Majoris

SPECIAL NAME MAG. R.A. DEC.SiriusCanopusRigil KentaurusVegaCapellaArcturusRigelProcyonAchernarAltairBetelgeuseAldebaranPolluxSpicaAntaresFormulhautDenebRegulusCastroAdharaBellatrixEl NathMarfak or MirfakAlkaid orBenetnaschDubhePolarisAlgolSaiphDenebolaDeneb KaitosMizar

-1.58-0.860.060.140.210.240.340.480.600.890. 92 (var)1.061.211.211.221.291.331.3*1.581.631.701.781.901.911-952.122. 2 (var)2.202.232.242.40

6h 43m6h 23ml4h 36ml8h 35m5h 13ml4h 13m5h 12m7h 37mIh 36m19h 48m5h 52m4h 33m7h 42m13h 23ml6h 26m22h 55m20h *0mlOh 06m7h 31JJ16h 57m5h 22m5h 23m3h 21m13h 46m

llh OlmIh 48m3h 05m5h *5mllh 46mOh 4lm13h 22m

-16.6-52. 7-60. 6+38. 7+45. 9+19. 4- 8. 7+ 5. 4.-57. 5+ 8. 7+ 7. 4+16. 4+28. 2-10. 9-26. 3-29. 9+45. l+12. 2+52.0-28. 9+ 6. 3+28. 6+49. 7+49. 6+62. 0+89. o+40. 8- 9. 7+l4.9-18. 3+55. 2


30/82

TABLE 3. - MAJOR STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS TO BE REVIEWED

BY THE FLIGHT CREW AT THE MOREHEAD PLANETARIUM - Concluded

CONSTELLATIONS

Andromeda LibraAquarius LyraAquila OphiuchusAries OrionCancer . PegasusCanis Major PiscesCanis Minor SagittariusCapricornus ScorpiusCassiopeia TaurasDelphinus Ursa MinorGemini . Ursa MajorHydra VirgoLeo


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ACTIVITY

Figure1.-Timespentbyeachflightcrewmemberontrainingorrelatedactivities

duringtheirpreflightpreparationperiod.(Approximately26weeks).

CV CNJHCOH Pi

(HO


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TOTALHOURS-3670

WEEKLY-142(approximately)

SNOIiVinWIS XHOMI3N V HONflVI f (09T)

WV3I 3IIS 3XOW3H f" (5^T)

Tirn-Unc TVMH T T 'Wu rirjr \ nMTf T C I T T T U ^ T T J 1 f c \ ^ T \diuUciclilx> I v 1 U U J - ii j v c i x t i c U J U.MV ujo tu . u j i L n u L l u i 1 ^ U O L J

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( M O H V O I 3 I H 3 A sHononne anvaaoo ' B O V I H S X N I ) snoaNvnaosiw j (osi)OMIII f lO 3JVI I (00^)1

M o i i v H n o i M o o M V H O s o v d s bi HOivinwis oMiivaan (^29)J 3 0 M V N 3 I N I V W HlfinOSH ( O T O T )

1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ,

c f l3 *5 .2 sS -i 3

REQUIREMENT

Figure2.-Missionsimulator(2)timerequiredformaintenance,t

engineeringfromacceptancereadinesscheckouttoGT-3la

o o o o o o O O O OCO vO -


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5-5


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A-l

APPENDIX ADETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FLIGHT CREWS

TRAINING SESSIONS (37) ON THE MISSION SIMULATORGENERAL TRAINING

SESSION NO. 1 - LEFT SEATSPACECRAFT CONTROL

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME

00 Session briefing and simulator :15familiarization1 :15 OAMS in rate command, reentry rate command,direct and pulse modes :20

- Thrusting only- Attitude control only

2 :J5 RCS in rate command, reentry rate command,direct and pulse modes :20- Attitude control

3 '-55 Demonstrate difference "between OAMS and :20RCS, cross coupling effects, attitude changesdue to translation control.k 1:15 Platform alinement procedures :JO

- Normal alinement modes- Demonstrate effect of incorrect platformalinement

5 1: 5 Retrofire . :15- Control retroattitude during retrofirewith variation of magnitude and directionof misalinement torques.

2;00 End of session 2:00 ST.


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A-2

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 2 RIGHT SEAT

SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE CONTROL

ITEM TIME SIMULATION . TRI3G TIME00 Session "briefing and simulator :15familiarization

1 :15 OAMS in rate command, reentry rate :20command, direct and pulse modes- Attitude control only

2 : 35 RCS in rate command, reentry rate :20command, direct and pulse modes- Attitude control

3 :55 Platform alinement -.204 1:15 Retrofires :10

- Two in rate command mode- Two in reentry rate command mode- Four in direct mode

5 1:25 . Reentrys -.35- One in rate command mode- Two in direct mode

2:00 End of session 2:00 Hr.


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A - 5

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 3 - LEFT SEATSESSION NO. 4 - RIGHT SEATNORMAL LAUNCH AND REENTRY

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05

:20 Launch .. :07:6 Insertion - Use OAMS for velocity correction:27 Initial platform alineiaent :33

2 1:00 Final platform alinement and retro preparation :301:30' TR-5 :051:35 Retrofire :051: 0 Reentry ( OOK) :201:50 Manual main parachute deploy1:56 Post landing2:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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GENERAL TRAINING

SESSION NO. 5 - LEFT SEATNORMAL MISSION

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 . Session briefing

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown:20 Launch:26 Insertion - Use OAMS for insertion:27 Initial platform alinement

- Session will follow the latest availableFlight Plan2:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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A-5

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 6 - LEFT SEATSESSION NO. 7 - RIGHT SEAT

NORMAL MISSIONITEM TJEME SIMULATION TRNG TIME

:00 Session briefing :151 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05

: 2.C Launch:26 Insertion - Use OAMS for velocity correction :07:27 Initial platform alinement :33

1:00 . Final platform alinement and retrofire prep. :301:30 TR-5 :051: 3? Retrofire : 051:^4-0 Reentry (400K) :201:50 Manual main parachute deploy1:56 Post landing2:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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A-6

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 8 - LEFT SEATSESSION NO. 9 - LEFT SEAT

ELECTRICAL SEQUENTIAL FAILURES

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME..-00 ' Session briefing :15

1 :15 Launch - Nose fairing and scanner cover :05d o n o t jettison .

2,3, :20 Launch - Booster does not separate from :15spacecraft

5 :35 Retrofire prep - IND RETRO ATT telelight :05switch does not give l6 pitch down biasand BEF mode on the FDI's

6 :kO Retrofire prep - 0 HIGH RATE telelight :05switch inoperative

7 :U5 Retrofire prep - BTRY PWR telelight remains amber :058,9 :55 Retrofire prep - RCS telelight switch inoperative :1010,11 1:05 Retrofire prep - SEP OAMS LINE telelight switch :10

inoperative12 1:15 Retrofire prep - SEP ELECT telelight switch inoper. :0513 1:20 Retrofire prep - Adapter does not separate :1015jl6 1:30 Retrofire - Retrorockets do not fire automatically :101? 1: 0 Retrofire - Petrorockets do not fire manually :0518 1: 5 Retrofire - Retroadapter does not separate :0519,20 1:50 Reetry - Drogue parachute and pilot parachute :10

do not deploy21 2:00 Launch, Retro, Reentry, sequential lights :15

inoperative2:15 End of session

2:15 Hr.


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A-7

GENERAL TRAINING

SESSION NO. 10 - RIGHT SEATELECTRICAL POWER AND COMMUNICATION FAILURES

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRHG TIME:00 Session briefing :15

1 :15 Orbit - Fuel cell ammeter or voltmeter fails -.052 :20 Orbit - Failing stack in one section (amber light) :05

3 :25 Orbit - Differential pressure in one section :05(three red lights)4 :30 Orbit - Battery voltage decrease :035 :33 Orbit - Fuel cell 02 or H quantity or pressure

indicator fails :056 :38 Orbit - Fuel cell 02 or H leak :107 : t8 Orbit - Fuel cell 02 or H0 heater inoperative

in AUTO or ON position8 :53 Orbit - Fuel cell 0 or H2 heater operates

continuously :109 1:03 Orbit - RCS HTR Light amber -.0510 1:08 Launch - No UHF transmission or reception :0511 1:13 Orbit - No UHF transmission or reception :05

12 1:18 Orbit - No HF transmission or reception :0513 1:23 Orbit - Headphone and mike failure :03I 1!- 1:23 Orbit - VOX or PIT fails open or closed :0515 1:28 HF antenna will not retract :03


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A-8

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 10 - Concluded.

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME16 1:31 Orbit - S-band beacon failure :05IT 1:36 Orbit - C-band beacon failure :0518 l:4l Launch :0919 1:50 Reentry :10

2:00 End of session2:00 Hr.


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A-9

GENERAL ln::AINING-

SESSION NO. 11 - LEFT SEATATTITUDE CONTROL AND MANEUVER ELECTRONICS FAILURES

ITEM TIME - SIMULATION TRMr TIME-: 00 Session briefing :15

1 :15 Orbit - ACME logic primary open :102 :25 Orbit - ACME logic primary short :103 : -55 Reentry - Primary limiter fail (reentry mode);no roll control :104 :45 Orbit - Rate gyro primary open :105 ':55 Orbit - Rate gyro priiaary error :106 1:05 Orbit - OAMS direct or pulse microswitches open :107 - 1:1 Orbit - OAMS direct or pulse microswitches short :108 1:25 Reentry - RCS Ring A or Ring B direct micro- .:10switches open9 1:55 Reentry - RCS Ring A or Ring B direct micro- :10

switches short10 1:45 Orbit - Rate control potentiometer fails inrate command mode11 1:55 Orbit - Hand control inoperative in pulse mode :0512 2:00 Orbit - ACME bias power fails :10



48/82

A-10

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 12 - LEFT SEAT

ORBITAL ATTITUDE AND MANEUVER SYSTEMAND REENTRY CONTROL SYSTEM FAILURES


1 :15 Orbit - Primary OAMS attitude driver(s) open :102 :25 Orbit - Primary OAMS attitude driver(s) short :103 : 35 Orbit - Maneuver drivers primary open :10k :^5 Orbit - Maneuver drivers primary short :105 :55 Orbit - OAMS fuel or oxidizer valves fail open or

closed :106 1:05 Orbit - OAMS pressure switch allows excessive

propellant pressure :107 1:15 Orbit - OAMS pressure regulator fails :108 1:25 Orbit - OAMS helium or propellant leak :109 1:35 Orbit - Propellant temperature, pressure, or

quantity indicator fails :0510 1:40 Reentry - RCS A or B drivers open (ACME mode) :1011 1:50 Reentry - RCS helium or propellant leak :10



49/82

A-17.

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 13 - LEFT SEAT

ACME, OAMS, and RCS COMBINED FAILURESITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME

:00 Session briefing :151 :15 Orbit - ACME logic primary open :102 :25 Orbit - Primary OAMS attitude driver(s) open :103 :35 Orbit - ACME logic primary short :104 :45 Orbit - Primary OAMS attitude driver(s) short :105 :55 Orbit - Rate gyro primary open :106 1:05 Orbit - Maneuver drivers primary open : 107 1:15 Orbit - Rate gyro primary error :108 1:25 Orbit - Maneuvers drivers primary short :109 1:35 Orbit - OAMS direct or pulse microswitches open :1010 1:J45 Orbit - OAMS fuel or oxidizer valves fail open :10or closed11 1:55 Orbit - OAMS direct or pulse microswitches :10short



50/82

A -12

GENERAL TRAININGSESSION NO. 14 - RIGHT SEAT

ACME, OAMS, AND RCS COMBINED FAILURESITEM

1

23k5678

9101 1 12

TIME:00:15

:25:35: 5:50

1:001:10

1:151:251:35

1:451:55.

?-ns

SIMULATIONSession briefingOrbit - OAMS pressure switch allows excessivepropellant pressure.Orbit - Rate control potentiometer fails inrate command modeOrbit - OAMS pressure regulator failsOrbit - Hand controller inoperative in pulseOrbit - OAMS helium or propellant leakOrbit - ACME bias power failsOrbit - Propellant temperature, pressure, orquantity indicator failsReentry - Primary limiter fails (REENT mode);no roll controlReentry - RCS A or B drivers open (ACME mode)Reentry - RCS Ring A or Ring B direct micro-switches openReentry - RCS helium or propellant leakReentry - RCS Ring A or Ring B direct micro-switches shortV.nft of RpRRinn

TRNG TIME= 15:10

:10

:10mode : 05

:10:10:05

:10:10:10

:10:10

2:05 Hr.


51/82

A-13

GENERAL TRAINING'

SESSION NO. 15 - LEFT SEATSESSION NO. 16 - RIGHT SEAT

NAVIGATION AND CONTROL FAILURES

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME-.00 Session briefing :15

1 :15 Orbit - Primary horizon sensor electronics fails :052 :20 Orbit - Rate gyro fails :103 :*0 Orbit - IGS power supply fails :104 : - ' l - 0 Orbit - IGS attitude malfunctions or accelero- :10

meter malfunction5 '. ';0 Orbit - Radar range or range rate indicates zero :106 3:00 Orbit - Radar azimuth or elevation indicates zero :107 1:10 Orbit - No radar lock-on :108 1:20 Orbit - Either attitude ball fails in any axis :109 1:30 Retro - Any FBI needle fails in any axis :1510 1:45 Retro/reentry - Electronic timer fails :15


If GMS does not possess radar/rendezvouscapability - session time devoted to MDIUcomputer practice.


52/82

NO, l? " ^

1^fc>l t _ 02 -25 SSyst** lea* C-2 O-nK,-3

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78

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151617

1--55 "^G - H.o PPPO. :05:05


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A-15

GENERAL TRAINING

SESSION WO. 1? - Concluded.ITEM .TIME SIMULATION TITO TIME19 2:00 Orbit - Manual Op HIGH RATE control inoperative :05

2:05 End of session2:05 Hr,


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A-l6

GENERAL TRAINING

.SESSION NO. 18 - OPENITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME

2 hour session .

Unscheduled task to allow astro to determinearea for simulation


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A-17

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAINING

SESSION NO. 19 - LEFT SEATRIGHT SEAT

'NORMAL MISSION

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing and discussion :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdovn :05

:20 Launch - Variation of nominal limits -.06*

:26 Insertion - Use CAMS for velocity correction :01:27 Initial platform alinement :33

Orbit - Computer practiceOrbit - Attitude control taskOrbit - Maneuver control task

1:00 Orbit - Final platform alinement and retro prep. :301:30 Orbit - TR-5 :051:35 Retrofire :05l:kO Reentry (400K) :201:50 Manual main parachute deploy1:57 Post landing2:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


56/82

A-18

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION NO. 20 - LEFT SEAT

RKHT SEATNORMAL MKSION

TIEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing and discussion :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch - Variation of nominal limits :06:26 Insertion - Use OAMS for velocity correction :01:2? Initial platform alinement :33

Orbit - MDUJ and computer practiceOrbit - Attitude control taskOrbit. - Maneuver control task

1:00 Orbit - Final platform alinement and retro prep. :JO1:30 Orbit - TR-5 :051:35 Retrofire :051: 0 Reentry (kOCK) :201:50 Manual main parachute deploy1:57 Post landing2:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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A-19



LAUNCH ABORTS

ITEM Tim SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing and review abort mission rules :15

1 : 1J) Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05: 20 Launch :01:21 Abort - Mode 1 attitude rate light :02:23 Discussion :05

2 :28 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05.52 Launch : 01:33 Abort - Mode I, Engine 1 light :02: 35 Discussion :05

3 :kO Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05: 5 Launch :03:48 Abort - Mode II, stage failure :03:51 Retrorockets for spacecraft separation, reentry

1:05 Discussion :05k 1:10 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05

1:15 Launch :041:19 Abort - Mode II :06

- Attitude rate light with automatic guidanceswitchover, then manual switch over, engine 2light on


58/82

A-20

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAINIMJ

SESSION NO. 21 - Concluded - LEFT SEATRIGHT SEAT

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIMERetrofire

1:25 Reentry :25Manual main parachute deploy, post landing

1:50 Discussion and review of abort mission rules :102:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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A-21


RIGHT SEATNORMAL MISSION

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing and discussion :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch-Variation of nominal limits :06:26 Insertion - Use OAMS for velocity correction :01:2? Initial platform alinement ;33

Orbit - MLIU and computer practice

Orbit - Touchdown predict mode practice

Orbit - Attitude control tasks

1:00 Orbit - Final platform alinement and retro prep. :JO1:30 Orbit - TR-5 :051:35 Retrofire :051:40 Reentry (400K) :201:50 Manual main parachute deploy1:57 Post landing2:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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A-22


REHT SEATLAUNCH ABORTS

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG. TIME:00 Session briefing and review abort mission rules :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch:2h Abort - Mode II, engine 1 failure:2? Retrorockets for spacecraft separation, reentry:35 Discussion

2 :^0 Abbreviation prelaunch and countdown :05: 5 Launch: 9 Abort - Mode II, incomplete staging:52 Retrorockets for spacecraft separation, reentry

1:00 Discussion3 1:05 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05

1:10 Launch1:15 Abort-Mode III, velocity below insertion

Retrofire1:20 Reentry :10

Post landing1:30 Discussion and review of abort mission rules :201:50 End of session

1:50 Hr.


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A-23

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW THAWINGSESSION NO. 2k - LEFT SEAT

RIGHT SEATNORMAL MISSION WITH RANDOM MALFUNCTIONS

(ASTRO IN PRESSURE SUIT)

JTEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch - Event timer fail, no lift off signal :07

Communication failure prior stageInsertion - Use OAMS for velocity correction

:27 Orbit - Initial platform alinement :J8FBI malfunctionRate gyro openRoll logic failureThruster fail openThruster fail closed

Orbit - Cabin fan failureCoolant pump failureOrbit - MDHJ tasksIMU pover - eircuit breaker

1:05 Orbit - Final platform alinement :301:35 Orbit - TR-5-secondary 0 indicator failure, :05

temperature rate error, RCS "A" drivers failure1: 0 Retrofire - Auto and manual fail :05Retropack jettison failure1:^5 Reentry ( OOK) - Drogue parachute deployment :15fail, snorkel open failure, cabin vent failure


62/82

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION NO. 2U - Concluded - LEFT SEAT

RIGHT SEATITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME

1:50 Manual main parachute deployment - R and Rseparation failure2:00 Post landing :052:05 End of session 2:05 Hr.


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A-25

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION NO. 25 - OPEN

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME2 hour sessionUnscheduled task to allow crew to determinearea of simulation


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A-26


RIGHT SEATNORMAL MISSION WITH RANDOM MALFUNCTIDNS

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing :15: 15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown .: 05:20 Launch - Nose fairing and scanner do not :07jettisonAbort light (2nd astro) fail on Booster cutoffno. 1 circuit breaker fail jUHF communication garbled and noise SEP SPCFTgreen light failMDIU failure

Insertion - UHF communication garbled and noiseUse OAMS for velocity correction:27 Orbit - Initial platform alinement, scanner pri- :58mary error (or open) in pitch or roll

Orbit - Cabin pressure failOrbit - FBI malfunction

1:05 Orbit - Final platform alinement :?0RCS Htr failure (circuit breaker) primarycoolant pumps failure

1:35 Orbit - TR-5sequence lights fail circuit breaker :05ECS temperature rate errorACME bias power primary failure

1: 0 Retrofire - Retrorocket firing incomplete :051:^5 Reentry ( OOK) RCS Ring "A" short :15

ACME primary and secondary roll limiter failureSnorkel failureCabin vent valve failure


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A-27

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION WO. 26 - Concluded - LEFT SEAT

RKHT SEATITEM TIME SIMULA TION TRNG TIME

1:50 Manual main parachute deployment2:00 Post landing :052:05 End of session 2:05 Hr.


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.A-28

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION WO. 27 - LEFT SEAT

RIGHT SEATLAUNCH ABORTS

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing and review abort mission rules :15:15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch:22 Abort - Mode I, attitude rate light red:25 Discussion :05:JO Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:35 Launch:39 Abort - Mode II: 2 Retrorocket for spacecraft separation, reentry:50 Discussion:55 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown

1:00 launchf1:05 Abort - Mode III

Retrofire1:11 Reentry :10

Manual main parachute deployPost landing

1:21 Discussion1:26 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05


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A-29

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION NO. 27 - Concluded - LEFT SEAT

RIGHT SEATITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME

1:31 Launch - critical insertion velocity correction1:37 Abort - Mode III or insertion :081: 5 Discussion and review of abort mission rules :152:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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A-30


RKHT SEATNORMAL MBS ION

ITEM TIME . SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing and discussion :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch - Variation of nominal limits :06:26 Insertion - Use CAMS for velocity correction:27 Initial platform alinement

Orbit - MDIU and computer practiceOrbit - Attitude control taskOrbit - Maneuver control taskOrbit - Final platform alinement and retro prep.

1:JO Orbit - TR-5 :051:35 Retrofire :051: 0 Reentry (kOOK.) :201:50 Manual main parachute deploy1:57 Post landing2:00 End of session

2:00 Hr.


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A-31


RIGHT SEATNORMAL MISSION WITH RANDOM MALFUNCTIONS


1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch - Engine 1 light fails on :07

Engine 2 light fails offSecond astro communication failsInsertion - Use CAMS for velocity correction

:27 Orbit - Initial platform alinement :38ACME rate gyro errorACME rate gyro openOrbit - Coolant leak in either loop, high 0pressure

1:05 Orbit - Final platform alinement, OAMS primaryattitude drivers open, battery voltage decrease

1:35 Orbit - TR-5 - One or more sequential lights fail :05to illuminate amber at proper timeOne or more sequential lights fail to illuminategreen at proper time

l:kO Retrofire - Retropack fails to jettison :051:^5 Reentry (400K) - First astro FBI ball fails in :15one axis1:50 Manual main parachute deployment - parachutedereef2:00 Post landing :052:05 End of session 2:05 Hr.


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A-32


RTCHT SEATNORMAL MISSION WITH RANDOM MALFUNCTIONS

ITEM T3ME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing :15:15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch - L/V power APS fuel press meter open :07

Engine II light fail onInsertion - Platform - ACC light illuminatesUse OAMS for velocity correction

:27 Orbit - Initial platform alinement :38OAMS oxidizer valve failed closedECS pressure rate errorEVAP press warning light illuminatesOrbit - S-band openC-band openOrbit - DCS failureOAMS attitude drivers shorted

1:05 Orbit - Final platform alinement :30ACME inverter failure1:35 Orbit - TR-5- RCS regulator failure :05IND RETRO ATT light will not illuminate1:40 Retrofire - FDI needle failure :051:45 Reentry (400K) - RCS "A" drivers shorted :15Rate of descent meter failure altimeter error1:50 Manual main parachute deployment2:00 Post landing :052:05 End of session 2:05 Hr.


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A-33SPECIFIC FLIGHT C R E W TRAINING

SESSION NO. 31 - LEFT SEATRIGHT SEATRETROFIRE AND REENTRY WITH R A N D O M FAILURES

ITEM TIME SIMULATION T R N G TIME:00 Session briefing :15

1 :15 Complete pre-retro checklist :15Maneuver to retro attitude on rate commandTR-5 checklist and TR-30 sec checklistsManually fire retro (TR + 1sec)Post-retro jett checklistFast time to reentry

:30 Reentry :15Pre-main and Post-main checklistsLanding and discussion

2 :^5 Pre-retro checklist :15RC S Ring A thruster fails openManeuver to retro attitude on rate commandA C M E logic primary shortTR-5 checklistYaw rate gyro failsTR-30 sec.checklistManually fire retro (TR + 1 sec)Post-retro jett checklist


72/82

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSTON NO. 31 - Continued - LEFT SEATRTCHT SEAT

HEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIMEPrimary limiters failFast time to reentry

1:00 Reentry :15Pre-main and Post-main checklistsLanding and discussion

3 1:15 Pre-retro checklist :15Sequence lights inoperativeManeuver to retro attitude on rate commandPitch bias failsTR-5 checklist and TR-30 sec checklistsAdapter does not separate (Useabort handle)Manually fire retro (TR + 1sec)Post-retro jett checklistFast time to reentry

1:30 Reentry : 15Pre-main checklist and post-main checklistsLanding and discussion

b 1: 5 Pre-retro checklist :15Maneuver to retro attitude on rate commandTR-5 checklist


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A - 3 5

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION NO. 51 - Concluded - LEFT SEAT

RIGHT SEAT

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIMEIND RETRO ATT telelight switch inoperativeTR-30 sec checklistAuto-retro and manual retro inoperativePost-retro jett checklistFast time to reentry

2:00 Reentry :15RCS Ring A propellant depletionPre-main checklistMain parachute does r i o t deploy .

2:15 End of session _.2:15 Hr.


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A-36

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAININGSESSION WO. 32 - LEFT SEAT

RIGHT SEATLAUNCH ABDKTG

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing and rcvnev of abort mission :15

rules1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch a n c L countdown :05

:20 launch:22 Abort - Mode I:25 Discussion :05

2 tJO Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:35 Launch :25:39 Abort - Mode IIr ^ - 2 Retrorocket for spacecraft separation

Reentry:50 Discussion

3 :55 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown ;k61:00 Launch1:05 Abort - Mode III

RetrofireReentryManual main parachute deployPost landing


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A-37

SPECIFIC FLIGHT C R E W TRAININGSESSION NO. 32 - Concluded - LEFT SEAT

REHT SEATLAUNCH ABORTS

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME1:36 Discussion

^ 1: -1 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :111: 6 Launch1:52 Abort - Mode III near insertion velocity due to :08Engine 2 performance2:00 Discussion and review :102:10 End of session

2:10 Hr.


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A-38SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAINING

SESSION WO. 33 - LEFT SEATRIGHT SEAT

RETROFIRE AND REENTRY wITH RANDOM FAILURES

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRHG TIME:00 Session brief :15

1 :15 Manual retrofire practice, 3 each on "Direct" :20an d "Rate Cmd"2 :35 Maneuver to retroattitude on "Rate Cmd" :10

:37 TR-5 checklist. OAMS yaw thruster fails openGround reports electronic timer inoperative.TR-30 checklist

:^2 Manually fire retrorockets (TR + l)3 :^5 Maneuver to retroattito.de on "Rate Cmd" :10

;kj TR-5 checklist. ACME logic open.TR-30 checklist. Adapter does not separate

:52 Manually fire retrorockets (TR + l)^ :55 Maneuver to retroattitude on "Rate Cmd" :10

:57 TR-5 checklist, pitch rate gyro fails1:02 TR-30 checklist, auto retrofire inoperative -initiate manually

5 1:05 Normal reentry on "Direct" :106 1:15 Reentry, primary limiters and electronic timer :10failed

Landing and discussion7 1:25 Reentry, suit fan fails, ACME logic primary open :10

Landing and discussion


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A-39

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAINING/ SESSION NO. 33 - Concluded - LEFT SEATRTCHT SEAT

ITEM T3ME SIMULATION TRNG TIME8 1:35 Reentry, pitch rate gyro failed :15

Landing and discussion9 1: 5 Reentry, RCS Ring A roll thruster fails short, :15landing

2:00 Discussion and debriefing2:00 Hr.


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A- kO

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW T R A I N I N GSESSION NO. 54 - OPEN

HEM T I M E S I M U L A T D N TRNG TIME2 hour sessionUnscheduled task to allow crew to determinearea for simulation


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RIGHT SEATREAL TIME NORMAL MISSION

WITH RANDOM FAILURES (ASTRO IN PRESSURE SUIT)

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME:00 Session briefing :15:15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch - Stage light fails on when staging complete :07

Insertion - UHF transmitter failureUse OAMS for velocity correction

:2T Orbit - Initial platform alinementACME logic open primaryACME logic short secondaryECS 0 heater auto control failureSuit CO partial press indicator

exceeds 8mm hg and ABNORMALLight illuminatesOrbit - OAMS hand controller "Direct" roll microswitches openEVAP PRESS warning light remains illuminatedOrbit - Cabin fan failureOrbit - Final platform alinement - OAMS regulatorfailed closed, both suit fans failOrbit - TR-5 - Battery power telelight remainsamberRetrofire - ARM AUTO RETRO failureReentry (kOOK) - Hand controller RCS B "Direct"microswitch short in roll, computer MALF RESETlight illuminates.


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A-42

SPECIFIC FLIGHT CREW TRAINING-SESSION NO. 35 - Concluded - LEFT SEATRIGHT SEAT

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIMEManual main parachute deploymentPost landing .



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RIGHT SEATNORMAL MISSION WITH RANDOM FAILURES

ITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME-.00 Session briefing :15

1 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05:20 Launch - MDS bulb fails on Engine 2, :0?IPS fuel press meter open

Insertion - Use OAMS for velocity correctionHF antenna fails to extend:27 Orbit - Initial platform alinement, ACMEprimary rate gyro roll error . :38

Orbit - Secondary coolant PRIMARY RES LO lightilluminatesOrbit DC-DC converter failure

1:05 Orbit - Final platform alinement, ACME primary :30pitch logic open1:35 Orbit - TR-5-Op high rate failure :05

Attitude indicator pitch open1: 0 Retrofire - Computer failure :051:^5 Reentry ( OOK) - Pre-set rate gyros/attitude error :151:50 Manual main parachute deployment2:00 Post landing :052:05 End of session

2:05 Hr.


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LAUNCH ABORTSITEM TIME SIMULATION TRNG TIME

:00 Session briefing and review of abort rules :151 :15 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05

:20 Launch:2k Abort - Mode II - Engine 1 light.red:27 Retrorocket for spacecraft separation, reentry:55 Discussion

2 :40 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown:45 Launch:^9 Abort - Mode II attitude rate light red:52 Retrorocket for spacecraft separation, reentry

1:00 Discussion3 1:05 Abbreviated prelaunch and countdown :05

1:10 Launch :061:16 Abort - Mode III - Engine 2 light and :06

Engine 2 performance

Documents

Preflight Training Plan for First Manned Gemini Flight Crew