Prelim Findings EREV

8/9/2019 Prelim Findings EREV

1/31

EREV-UCLA

Summer 2010

Class presentation of preliminary

findings from Guede ChantierWednesday, July 28


2/31

Agriculture:

Methods and preliminary findings Sample size of 14 individuals; site analysis & interviews

General Lack of Means:

-Farmers need many things that they often do not have the means for.

-Main Examples: fertilizer, machines, water pumps, fences, education inmethods and technology.

NGO Involvement:

Project failures, Incomplete Projects, and Abandoned

Projects-general lack of investment/incentive to stay in the community-failure to include local community

Conventional versus Organic-Soil Degradation, Health Impacts, Debt. Example: 7 out of 20 GIEs can not pay bank loans this year.

Main Reason: There is only one tractor that all 20 GIEs share, causingsome farmers to plant late in January and reap poor harvests.

Consequence: These farmers will not be eligible to take bank loans for thenext harvest, putting the farmers deeper into debt.

Organic Problems: Land Tenure, Funding, Smaller Yields and Food


3/31

Agriculture:Preliminary analysis Addressing farmer debt.

Achieving FairPricing System: Protection from Banabanas

and Increasing Market-to-Farmer Communication Addressing problems associated with Land Tenure

Addressing Conflicts Between Farmers and Herders

Assistance to Farmers In Transition from Conventional toOrganic Agriculture

Calendar to Make Better Use of Existing SAED Tractor

Specific Immediate Material Needs:

More tractors

More fences

More water pumps


4/31

Cultural Ecology:

Methods and preliminary findings

Main Themes

Culture Change

Influences on culture: television, education

Why is this important?

...ways in which culture change is induced by

adaptation to the environment.-Julian Steward

Agricultural and economic hardship preference forWestern education and western cultural ideals

Old forms of cultural transmission diminishing (eg. griot)

New forms of cultural transmission without resources Youth

absorbing Western culture (eg. music)


5/31

Education:


Methods

12 InterviewsTeachers, PTA Director, Parents,

NGO Tostan, Council Women

4 Focus GroupsMale Students, Female Students,

Parents, NGO Counterpart

1 Site AnalysisPrimary School Ecole Deux

Preliminary

FindingsDrop Out Rate

Boys drop out 5x more than Girls

Student Teacher Affairs

Resulting in Pregnancies or

Marriages

Lack of Resources

Not enough Classrooms/Supplies


6/31

Education:

Preliminary Analysis

1. Resources

Provide more facilities in order to enroll more students2. Drop Out Rate

Equal discipline of girls and boys

3. Improved Pedagogy

Implement teacher training program4. Install Options

Youth Centers, Vocational (Training) Schools


7/31

Entrepreneurship and Value Chain:


Methods & Tools

Interviews

Number of Interviews: 22/35

Focus groups: 1/4

Total People: 33/74

Site Analysis: farms, markets

Transect Walk: womencollecting firewood

Participant Observation

Themes

Lack of Information

Lack of Satisfactory Training The Importance of Self-reliance

and Autonomy

Conditional Access to Affordable

Inputs

Little to No Knowledge of Value

Chain

Relative SatisfactionLack of Funding

Little to No Communication

(Top Down, Horizontally)


8/31

Entrepreneurship and Value Chain:

Preliminary analysis

Specific Needs as Declared by the people of Gud Chantier

Fisheries: fish farming project; access to affordable fish;

refrigerated transportation of fish Gender: Tosten Library, Autonomy from patriarchal dominance,

Resources (farming machines, health center supplies, etc.)

Microfinance: Womens access to loans, more accessible loanoptions for everyone (not just through the GIEs)

Herders: Veterinarian, Warehouse: feeding and keeping animalscloser to families, milk preserve

Agriculture:Access to machines, Barriers/fences around crops

Value Chain: Better Communication (Top-Down)

Govt. Unions GIE Farmers

Miscellaneous: $ Funding $, Transportation


9/31

Food Systems and Nutrition:

Methods & Preliminary Findings

Methods Seven Interviews, Site analysis, Surveys

Preliminary Findings Children under five are malnourished at a rate of at least 10%

Diet is dependant on the seasons (rain) and is based largely on rice

Because of food processing rice, onions and tomatoes are available allyear

A nutrition workshops has been offered at their local clinic, but therewas no follow up

People in Guede Chantier eat both conventional and organic produce

Farmers in Guede who grow large quantities export the majority of theircrops

Most farmers use conventional methods for agriculture because ofbank loan criteria


10/31

Food Systems and Nutrition:


Nutrition workshops with follow-ups

Diversification of diet

Break the cycle of bank exploitation

Loans which do not require the use of pesticides

Creation of new banks which will grant loans

without pesticide conditions. Increase the number or effectiveness of GIE to

promote organic agriculture


11/31

Gender: Methods & Preliminary

Findings

8 Interviews, 1 Question and Answer Session, 1

Focus Group, 1 Observation Class, Daily mapping

Preliminary Findings: There was a strong desire to

learn and to work among the women of Guede

Chantier. They have become a part of the workforce in Guede and want to continue this shift from

home life to public life.


12/31

Gender: Preliminary analysis

Literacy Training

Health Education Job Skills Training

Control over the Women Center

***Partnerships


13/31

Fisheries: Methods and

preliminary findings Methods:

11 Interviews

3 Site analyses 1 participant observation

Themes

Overlap of Major Industries struggle of profitability in each sector

Lack of Cohesion

industrys internal struggle and external conflict


14/31

Fisheries: Methods and

preliminary findingsNeeds An organized association of fishermen

a. to revise current practices and address importantobstacles faced by the sector

Continued formation and strengthening of all communityorganizations

a. to encourage collaboration, understanding and long-

term sustainability within the community

With the collaboration of local government, the fishermensassociation, and Counterpart International, a developmentproject is currently in the works that aims to address manyof the local industrys needs.


15/31

Herding: Methods &

Preliminary Findings

Scarcity of land dedicated to herding

Difficulty securing food and water for cattle (during the dry season)

Conflicts between farmers and herders Agriculture prioritized over herding

Health: Veterinary care is difficult to access, vaccinations not subsidized

Theft of cattle: hard to recover

Milk: cows too far from village to maximize profits

Ideological and logistical divide between modern & traditional herders

Herders Association is informal and lacks solidarity and power

Have been few development or government projects designed for herders

Must pay shepherds to care for animals in bush: issues of trust

Some are interested in having insurance for cattle


16/31

Herding: Preliminary Analysis Greater distribution of land that is closer to GC

Guaranteed access to food and water

Greater/quicker access to veterinarians

Government subsidies of vaccinations & feed

Refrigeration for milk storage to bolster sales

Reliable cattle insurance

Able to maintain horse/donkey/cart for transport

Greater voice/power/priority for herders in GC

Greater priority within development & government projects


17/31

Reforestation: Methods and

preliminary findings Methods- 8 interviews, 2 observational experiences, 1 participant

observation interview.

Preliminary findings Wood collection is time consuming

Cooking oven a wood oven makes women sick

Gas is preferred, but expensive

Massive deforestation in the past 200 years by people outside of

community Now citizens walk miles to collect wood or pay high prices.

Either way they are contributing to the deforestation.

Citizens recognize the benefits of trees and want to reforest


18/31

Reforestation: Preliminary

Analysis

Reforestation

more healing and sacred trees.

An alternative fuel source.

Gas

Health risks of coal

Time inefficiency of coal

Solar ovens


19/31

Socio Demographic: Method

& Preliminary findings Socio-Demographic

Indicators includingPopulation Growth,

Birth/Death Rate, etc. Social Service

Indicators in Health,Occupation, Education,& Communal

Infrastructure

Accumulation of self-planned communitydevelopment ideas

Socio-DemographicIndicators includingPopulation Growth,

Birth/Death Rate, etc. Social Service

Indicators in Health,Occupation, Education,& Communal

Infrastructure

Accumulation of self-planned communitydevelopment ideas

22 Key Informant (KI)

Interviews

5 Focus Groups

3 Visual Aids / 3 Participant

Observations

Socio-Demographic Indicator

Data from Guede-Chantier

22 Key Informant (KI)

Interviews

5 Focus Groups

3 Visual Aids / 3 Participant

Observations

Socio-Demographic Indicator

Data from Guede-Chantier


20/31

Socio Demographic:

Preliminary Analysis

Clear & increased communication between

elected officials & citizens.

Increased transparency of managementFinancial resources & funding partners.

Excess resources for occupational &educational efforts.

Physical infrastructure to house communityassociations

Improvements in social services provided to thecommunity


21/31

Water: Methods and

preliminary findings

Methods and sample:

30 Interviews

250 Citizens

3 Districts


22/31

Water: Preliminary analysisWhy we QUENCH? -

Quench was created to address international and domesticissues relating to environmental stewardship andsustainability, public health, economic empowerment, equaland diverse education, and politic autonomy

Preliminary Recommendations Increase access to public taps, incorporate more women

into the water management board, and implement potablewater safety workshops


23/31

Womens Market Farming:

Methods and Preliminary findings Methods: Key Informant Interviews, Focus Groups, Site

Analysis, Seasonal Calendar

Domestic chores = women

Access to resources

Weak understanding of Agro-ecology

No credit

No land ownership Organization / Record keeping

Cultural Pride

Sustenance vs. Marketing

Poor Soil

People tired of questions


24/31

Agro-ecological extension services

Fences Land Access

Low Risk Credit Access

Machinery / Animal Traction Possible needs: Record keeping/literacy,

association formation

Womens Market Farming:



25/31

Weaknesses: how could my group improve?

Linking culture to ecology

Differences in reported information from interviewees- How

to tell what is really happening? Broad interest leading to multiple focuses and lack of

clarity on research goals

Organization and Preparation

Proper Reflection

Interview Dynamics

Language Preparation

Term Identification/Translation


26/31

Cont.

Weaknesses: how could my group improve?

Poor Commitment

Farmers Concern about Past Experiences with ResearchersBringing No Help/Broken Promises

Access to Other Groups' Research Findings

Not Enough Interviews with Farmers

Narrow Perspective: unable to visit all neighborhoods

Improve Understanding of the Objective

Clarify specific focus Learn how to apply PRA Tools

Coordinating Meetings, be precise inInterviews, Translation


27/31

Weaknesses Performed a limited number of interviews and

produced few surveys

Did not reach all key informants (i.e. generalpopulation)

Group members had different objectives

Team not cohesive

Poor preparation and planning for interviews

Difficulty in finding the time to de-brief afterinterviews


28/31

Weaknesses We met only 1 real/traditional herder

Data from informants was very similar

Not able to visit cattle in the bush Unable to access/interview shepherds

PRA tools not relevant, too time consuming, or difficult to

explain to herders

More time needed for greater depth or observations


29/31

Strengths of methods and approach:What are some positives that my group could build from?

Respecting the time

High group efficiency

Good key informants and interviewees

Within-group cooperation- mutual understanding of each

others needs.

Sharing of information within group

Good Teamwork Between Translators

Courage and patience


30/31

Strengths of methods and approach:

What are some positives that my group could build from?

Making Extra Efforts to Clarify that were Researchers

Access to Helpful Key Informants

Group-Building Trust with Interviewees Range of Views: interviewed multiple actors/identities

Broad Focus

Interviews

Translation

Frequent Meetings & Check-ins

Receptive to Knowledge


31/31

Group dynamics

Translation

Energy Prior knowledge

Survey Comparisons

We all had the opportunity to ask questions

We asked strong, in-depth and well thought-out questions

We recognized when our interview questions began to

resemble those of other groups, and changed our focus.

Strengths of methods and approach:

What are some positives that my group could build from?

Documents

Prelim Findings EREV