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The Conductive Zone
Nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
The Respiratory Zone Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
sacs.
What Makes Up the Respiratory System?
Is the exchange of gases at the tissue level
where Oxygen is delivered and Carbon Dioxide is removed
Internal Respiration
The processes that occur within the lung
involving the exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
External Respiration
Diaphragm
Contracts and moves downward towards the abdominal cavity when stimulated by the brain
Ventilation The combination of inspiration (breathing in)
and expiration (breathing out) Tidal Volume
Volume of air in each breath Respiratory Frequency
The number of breaths taken per minute
Mechanisms of Breathing
Respiratory Control Centre
Found within brain stem Medulla oblongata and pons
Controlling Ventilation
Static Lung Volume
Determined by actual structure of lung Dynamic Lung Volume
Dependent, not only on volume, but on the movement or flow of air
Three important Static Lung volumes Total lung capacity, vital capacity, residual
volume TLC = VC + RV
Lung Volumes
Diffusion
The movement of gas, liquid or solid from a region of high concentration to low concentration.
Gas Exchange
2% of Oxygen found within plasma of blood
Hemoglobin Specialized protein found in erythrocytes that
binds to Oxygen
Oxygen Transport
Small amount is dissolved in the plasma (5 –
10%)
90 – 95% of CO2 diffuses into erythrocytes, passed to alveoli and is exhaled
Carbon Dioxide Transport