Reconstruction AFTER THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. Let’s Review! With a neighbor, discuss how the...
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Reconstruction AFTER THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. Let’s Review! With a neighbor, discuss how the effects of the Civil War caused chaos, change, and opportunities
Lets Review! With a neighbor, discuss how the effects of the
Civil War caused chaos, change, and opportunities.
Slide 3
Georgia Performance Standards SS5H2 The student will analyze
the effects of Reconstruction on American life. a. Describe the
purpose of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. b. Explain the work
of the Freedmens Bureau. c. Explain how slavery was replaced by
sharecropping and how African-Americans were prevented from
exercising their newly won rights; include a discussion of Jim Crow
laws and customs.
Slide 4
Reconstruction What is the root (base) word in reconstruction?
construct What is the prefix? What is the suffix? What does the
word mean? Partner Talk: Why do you think this time period (era) is
called reconstruction?
Slide 5
State of the South
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What was the Reconstruction period? Lesson 1 The period of time
when the South was trying to rebuild and rejoin the Union. Why did
they have to rejoin the Union?
Slide 13
President Lincoln wanted to rebuild the South He wanted the
Union to be strong and include the states that had seceded. What
happened to him after Lees surrender at Appomattox Courthouse? Vice
President Andrew Johnson became President after Lincoln died.
Slide 14
Flashback : Read the following paragraph, and ponder this in
your groups How would the nation benefit economically by bringing
the southern states back into the union? The South's economy, how
they made their living, was based on farming or agriculture. Large
farms, called plantations, harvested abundant amounts of crops to
sell. These were called cash crops and included such things as
tobacco, cotton, and rice. Most of their goods were bought from
foreign countries. In the South, it was believed that "Cotton was
King" because it was sold in such large amounts.
Slide 15
Reconstruction Plans There were many reasons that the North
wanted to reunite with the South. Most importantly, they wanted to
make the United States whole again. To accomplish the reunion,
plans for Reconstruction were created. They helped to establish the
guidelines for the Southern states to reenter and to provide
liberties to the freedmen. What are liberties?
Slide 16
Andrew Johnson He wanted to make it easy for the South to
rejoin the Union. Why? Discuss. Did everyone want them to rejoin? A
group of Congressmen known as the Radical Republicans wanted to
force the South to accept strict conditions. Sounds like they
wanted to punish themWHY? They also wanted to protect the rights of
newly freed African Americans in the southern states.
Slide 17
Reconstructing the South- Watch Reconstruction- Challenges and
Progress on P-drive.
Slide 18
What had to happen before healing could take place? Andrew
Johnson wanted to carry out President Lincolns plan for
reconstruction. He knew slavery had to be abolished (had to be
ended). He passed the 13 th Amendment to abolish (or end) slavery
as of December 18, 1865. Southern states could be readmitted to the
Union after declaring secession illegal and passing the 13 th
Amendment. They had to agree to obey ALL federal (national) laws
and treat the newly freed slaves fairly. Does this sound difficult?
Discuss the effects this may have on the north and south.
Slide 19
Reaction from the South How do you think the south felt about
this? What was their reaction to all of these laws and restrictions
being placed on them???
Slide 20
Although slavery was over, most white southerners were not
ready to accept African Americans as equals Newly freed men did not
own land or have much money. Sowhite landowners took advantage of
freed mens poverty to keep them serving whites. Before the Radical
Republicans gained control of reconstruction, many southern states
put laws in place that limited the rights of African Americans.
Why? What right are the states exercising (which amendment)? They
passed harsh laws called Black Codes. Reaction from the South
Slide 21
The Black Codes said that African Americans were not allowed to
vote, serve on a jury (which amendment is this?), own guns, or work
at certain jobs. How did this affect these newly freed African
Americans? They also allowed whites to arrest African Americans who
were not working. Once arrested, African Americans could be forced
to work for white landowners. Black Codes kept African Americans
living like slaves by keeping them on the plantations. Werent they
just freed by the 13 th amendment which declared slavery illegal?
These codes were later outlawed under Radical Reconstruction.
Slide 22
(on P-drive)
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Radical Reconstruction What does radical mean? Many members of
Congress were upset about the way African Americans had been
treated and were STILL being treated in the south. Believed that
the South should be punished for its actions during the war. Called
RADICAL REPUBLICANS! Sothey passed the Reconstruction Acts- which
said that southern states must write new state constitutions giving
African American men the right to vote. It also said that former
Confederate leaders and officers could not vote or hold political
officeso... who ended up holding offices in the southern states?
Discuss. Opinion: Do you agree with the Radical Republicans? Do you
feel they were justified in these requirements? Too harsh? Not
harsh enough? Discuss with a neighbor.
Slide 24
Another Reaction from the South Many southerners were very
angry about Reconstruction! They felt the new state governments
were forced on them. They were also having to pay high taxes to
rebuild roads, railroads, and schools. Review: Why were they having
to rebuild??? The Radical Republicans abolished the Black Codes.
Some southerners hated them and wanted to join together to form
their own organization called the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). The KKK did
horrible things to African Americans- including burning their homes
and schools, attacking them for trying to vote, beating them, and
killing them for no reason at all.
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Lesson 2: Key Constitutional Amendments REVIEW : In 1865,
Congress and the states ratified the 13 th Amendment. It made
slavery illegal throughout the United States. Eventually, the
Radical Republicans won control of reconstruction and passed two
other key amendments. The 14 th Amendment made African Americans
citizens. The 15 th Amendment guaranteed men (including African
American men) the right to vote (women still could not vote, no
matter their race.)
Slide 28
Lets take a closer look at the Reconstruction Amendments
(Slavery Amendments)-13 th, 14 th, and 15th
Slide 29
Thirteenth Amendment Made slavery illegal throughout the United
States. M is for Martin Luther King, Jr. because he stands for
freedom.
Slide 30
Fourteenth Amendment Passed in 1848 Made African Americans
citizens. It also states that ALL states must honor and protect
their (African Americans) rights as citizens. How are we going to
remember this??? N is for nation, you are a citizen of the nation
you live in.
Slide 31
Fifteenth Amendment Passed in 1870 Gave all male citizens age
21 and over- INCLUDING AFRICAN AMERICANS - the right to vote O is
for overalls, all men wear overalls.
Slide 32
Key Constitutional Amendments- 13 th, 14 th, 15 th The Radical
Republicans forced southern states to ratify (accept) these
amendments. How did they do this? They placed military rule over
southern states until they complied (or followed) with all the
conditions of reconstruction. They had a curfew and were monitored
to make sure that they followed the new amendments and laws placed
on them. How do you think the southern states reacted to this?
Slide 33
Freedmens Bureau What did the newly freed slaves do with their
freedom? How do you think they felt? Discuss with a neighbor. Many
African Americans left the Southern plantations where they had
worked, but most no longer had a way to earn money. Congress
created the Freedmens Bureau to help poor whites and newly freed
slaves.
Slide 34
Freedmens Bureau- What is a bureau? What are some ways it
helped? The bureau built and set up schools all over the south and
gave out medical care, food, and clothing. It provided shelter in
refugee camps. The bureau also helped reunite formerly enslaved
families that had been separated. Before the war, it was illegal to
teach slaves. Most African Americans in the south could not read or
write. Most importantlythe Freedmens Bureau established schools and
even colleges in the south. They put teachers who were from the
north into the schools. Why did they have to get most of them from
the north? Mainly, it helped many former slaves start a new
life.
Slide 35
Freedmens Bureau Discuss with a neighbor. What effects do you
think the Freedmens Bureau had on the north and south? African
Americans crowded schools for the opportunity to learn. Southern
white people often tried to close the schools by using violence.
Why? The Freedmens Bureau created a new economy based on employers
and employees, or on free labor. African Americans could leave a
job if they did not like it. It created contracts, which are
written, legal agreements between two parties. Former slaves now
got paid to work.
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Freedmens Bureau (on P-drive)
Slide 39
Freedmens Bureau The bureau wanted to do more but closed in
1872 due to lack of support. However, during its brief time, it
helped many freed African Americans throughout the South.
Slide 40
Lesson 3: Sharecropping Another system that oppressed (held
them back) blacks was sharecropping. Freed slaves could own land
after the war, but Most African Americans knew how to farm but
could not afford to by land. Plantation owners had a lot of land
but not the money to pay people to work on it. This situation led
to a system of farming known as sharecropping.
Slide 41
Sharecropping African Americans sharecroppers farmed land owned
by white landowners. In exchange, they were given a place to live
and part of the crop. He also lent him or her seeds, farm
equipment, and other tools needed in farming. When the crop was
harvested and sold, the landowner gave a part of the profit to the
sharecropper. (Profit is the return on a business undertaking after
expenses have been met.) However
Slide 42
Sharecropping Dishonest landlords often cheated them and
treated them like slaves. The owner took money out of the
sharecroppers money to repay the loan of seed, shelter, and farm
equipment. Often the sharecropper had little to no money left over.
Unable to pay their debts, sharecroppers remained forced to provide
labor for white landowners. Over time, some freedmen were able to
buy their own land. Most, however, could not. Sowhat does all this
mean??? Discuss in your groups.
Slide 43
Sharecropping
Slide 44
Jim Crow Laws The presidential election of 1876 resulted in a
political compromise known as the Compromise of 1877. Democrats
agreed to allow the Republican, Rutherford Hayes, to become
president. In exchange, the Republicans agreed to end
reconstruction. This allowed southern states to have more
self-rule. Southern states soon passed Jim Crow Laws.
Slide 45
Jim Crow Laws The name Jim Crow came from a character who was
an African American singer and dancer, and not a real person. The
Jim Crow laws segregated, or separated, the lives of African
American and white people. They could not go to the same schools or
be in public together. They had separate drinking fountains,
telephone booths, restrooms, hospitals, hotels, and parks. Are
their constitutional rights being violated???
Slide 46
Jim Crow Laws Since the Constitution guaranteed African
Americans the right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment, southern
lawmakers thought of creative ways to disenfranchise blacks. (
Disenfranchise means to keep from voting.) They established poll
taxes. Poll taxes required people to pay to vote. Since most
African American were poor, many of them could not afford to pay
the tax.
Slide 47
Jim Crow Laws Some southern states also used literacy test.
Voters had to prove they could read and write. African Americans
were often uneducated and had a hard time passing these tests. In
South Carolina, one law said that African Americans could only work
on farms or as servants. African Americans had to buy a special
license if they wanted to do something else. Judges would make the
cost of the license more that an African American person could
afford. Discuss how their constitutional rights are being violated
now that they are considered citizens.
Slide 48
Jim Crow Laws Finally, southern states often passed grandfather
clauses. Grandfather clauses stated that men whose ancestors had
voted before or served in the Confederate military could vote
without having to pass a literacy test or pay a poll tax. Since it
was usually only whites who met these conditions, grandfather
clauses allowed poor, illiterate whites to vote while still keeping
most blacks from voting. African Americans who tried to vote or
challenged these laws often became victims of violence. Who do you
think committed a lot of these crimes against them?
Slide 49
Jim Crow Laws
Slide 50
Lets Summarize! With a partner, discuss the ways that African
Americans were still being treated unfairly. SHARE.