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8/19/2019 Referat Hifema r
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................. ii
DAFTAR ISI ……………………………………………………………………… 1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN……………………………………………….…. 2
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA…………………………………………….3
1. Anatomi mata………………………………………………………………… 32. Deini!i............................................................................................................. "
3. E#i$emio%o&i………………………………………………………………… "
'. Etio%o&i………………………………………………………………………. "
". K%a!ii(a!i……………………………………………………………………. )
). Patoi!io%o&i ………………..………………………….…………………….. *
*. Ge+a%a K%ini!…………………………………………………………………. ,
,. Peme-i(!aan Penn+an&……………………………………………………… /
/. Penata%a(!anaan.……………………………………………………………... /
10. Kom#%i(a!i…………………………………………………………………… 12
11. P-o&no!i!……………………………………………………………………… 12
BAB III KESIMPULAN…………………………………………………….... 13
DAFTAR PUSTAKA………………………………………………………………… 1'
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1
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Sa%a !at $ianta-a #enea (etaan mata4 an& !e-in& $i+m#ai a$a%a #e-!entan
mata $en&an en$a tm#%4 mi!a%na traumatic hyfema. 5a%a#n t-ama an& men&enai
mata ti$a( !e%a% me-#a(an #enea tama $a-i (etaan4 namn me-#a(an a(to- an&
6(# !e-in& men&a(iat(an i%an&na #en&%iatan ni%ate-a%. Ma(a $a-i it4 ma!a%a t-ama
#a$a mata ma!i men+a$i !a%a !at ma!a%a an& #e-% men$a#at #e-atian $an $ian&&a#
!ea&ai !a%a !at ocular emergencies. Ha% ini $i!ea(an o%e (a-ena ma!i !e-in&na
tim% (om#%i(a!i7(om#%i(a!i an& ti$a( $iin&in(an $i!am#in& 6a-a #e-a8atan an& te-ai(
ma!i $i#e-$eat(an.(6)
P-e9a%en!i (etaaan a(iat t-ama o(%i !e6a-a na!iona% e%m $i(etai $en&an
#a!ti4 namn #a$a S-9e Ke!eatan In$-a Pen&%iatan $an Pen$en&a-an #a$a tan 1//37
1//) $i$a#at(an a8a t-ama o(%i $ima!((an (e $a%am #enea (etaan %ain7%ain
!ee!a- 041": $a-i +m%a tota% (etaan na!iona% an& e-(i!a- 14":. T-ama o(%i +&a
(an me-#a(an 10 e!a- #ena(it mata an& menea(an (etaan. ;)4*<
T-ama mata o%e en$a tm#% me-#a(an #e-i!ti8a an& !e-in& te-+a$i. T-ama
tm#%4 me!(i#n $a-i %a- ti$a( tam#a( a$ana (e-!a(an an& e-at4 teta#i t-an!e- ene-&i
an& $ia!i%(an $a#at meme-i (on!e(en!i 6e$e-a an& ata%. Ke-!a(an an& te-+a$i
e-&antn& (e(atan $an a-a &aa4 !ein&&a meme-i(an $am#a( a&i !etia# +a-in&an
!e!ai !m a-a t-ama. Ke-!a(an +a-in&an an& te-+a$i a(iat t-ama e-9a-ia!i m%ai
$a-i an& -in&an in&&a e-at a(an !am#ai (etaan. Unt( men&etai (e%ainan an&
$itim%(an #e-% $ia$a(an #eme-i(!aan an& 6e-mat.;)4*<
Hiema me-#a(an (ea$aan $imana te-+a$i #e-$a-aan #a$a i%i( mata $e#an $a#at
te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% #a$a mata. Da-a ini e-a!a% $a-i i-i! ata a$an !i%ia- an&
-oe(. Men-t D(e E%$e- ;1/"'
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Mata a$a%a !at !t-(t- !e-i! e-i!i 6ai-an an& $in&(! o%e ti&a %a#i!an. Da-i
%a- (e $a%am4 %a#i!an>%a#i!an te-!et a$a%a ? ;1< !(%e-a@(o-nea4 ;2< (o-oi$@a$an
!i%ia-i!@i-i!4 $an ;3< -etina. Sea&ian e!a- mata $i%a#i!i o%e +a-in&an i(at an& #-ote(ti $an
(at $i !ee%a %a-4 !(%e-a4 an& mement( a&ian #ti mata.
Ba&ian $a%am o%a mata te-$i-i $a-i 2 -on&&a4 ait ante-io- $an #o!te-io-. Ron&&a
ante-io- te%eta( $i $e#an %en!a4 -on&&a #o!te-io- te-%eta( $i e%a(an& %en!a. Ron&&a ante-io-
$ia&i %a&i (e $a%am $a -an& -an& ante-io- ;anta-a (o-nea $an i-i!< $an -an& #o!te-io-
;anta-a i-i! $an %en!a
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• A. -etina !ent-a%i! #em% $a-a ini e-+a%an $i$a%am n. o#ti6! $an
ma!( (e $a%am o%a mata me%a%i o#ti6 $i!64 $i!ini a-te-i e-6aan&76aan&
$an me-#a(an en$ a-te-i $an $a#at $i%iat men&&na(an ota%mo!(o#.
• A. %a(-ima%i! &%an$%a %a(-ima%i!
• A. !i%ia-i! ante-io- ma!( (e o%a mata $i $e(at tat (o-nea !6%e-a
• A. !i%ia-i! #o!te-io- ma!( $e(at n. o#ti6!
Pa!o(an $a-a (e i-i! a$a%a $a-i 6i-6%! ma+o- i-i!4 (a#i%e- > (a#i%e- ini mem#nai
%a#i!an en$ote% an& ti$a( e-%an& !ein&&a no-ma%na ti$a( memo6o-(an %o-o!ein
an& $i!nti(an !e6a-a int-a9ena.
Gambar 2.2 Vask!arisasi mata
2.2. D"#inisi $1%2&
Hiema me-#a(an (ea$aan $imana te-$a#at $a-a $i $a%am i%i( mata $e#an4 ait
$ae-a $i anta-a (o-nea $an i-i!4 an& $a#at te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% an& me-oe(
#em% $a-a i-i! ata a$an !i%ia- $an e-6am#- $en&an mo- ae! ;6ai-an mata<
an& +e-ni. Da-a an& te-(m#% $i i%i( mata $e#an ia!ana te-%iat $en&an mata
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te%an+an&. 5a%a#n $a-a an& te-$a#at $i i%i( mata $e#an !e$i(it4 teta# $a#at men-n(an
#en&%iatan.
Gambar 2.' Hi#"ma
Hiema ata $a-a $i $a%am i%i( mata $e#an $a#at te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% an&
me-oe( #em% $a-a i-i! ata a$an !i%ia-. Bi%a #a!ien $$( iema a(an te-%iat
te-(m#% $ia8a i%i( mata $e#an $an iema $a#at memeni !e%- -an& i%i( mata
$e#an.
2.'. E(i)"mio!o*i $+&
St$i $i Ame-i(a Uta-a menn+((an e!tima!i in!i$en iema !ee!a- 1*720@ 100.000
#o#%a!i tia# tanna. Keana(an $a-i #a!ien ini e-!ia (-an& $a-i 20 tan. Hiema ti&a
(a%i %ei !e-in& te-+a$i #a$a %a(i7%a(i $a-i#a$a #e-em#an. Penea te-ana( $a-i iema
a$a%a t-ama tm#%4 te-tama an& te-+a$i !aat o%a-a&a.
2.,. Etio!o*i$-&
Hiema ia!ana $i!ea(an o%e t-ama tm#% #a$a mata !e#e-ti te-(ena o%a4 at4
#e%- !ena#an an&in4 $an %ain7%ain. Se%ain it4 iema +&a $a#at te-+a$i (a-ena (e!a%aan
#-o!e$- o#e-a!i mata. Kea$aan %ain an& $a#at menea(an iema namn +a-an& te-+a$i
a$a%a a$ana tmo- mata ;6ontona -etino%a!toma
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tama $an 6aan& $a-i a$an 6i%ia-4 a-te-i (o-oi$4 9ena a$an !i%ia-4 #em% $a-a i-i! #a$a
!i!i ##i%. Pe-$a-aan $i $a%am o%a mata an& e-a$a $i (ame-a ante-io- a(an tam#a( $a-i
%a-. Timnan $a-a ini (a-ena &aa e-at a(an e-a$a $i a&ian te-en$a.
2.-. !asi#ikasi$'%-&
a& Be-$a!a-(an #eneana iema $ia&i men+a$i?
1. Hiema
2. Hiema a(iat tin$a(an me$i!
3. Hiema a(iat in%ama!i an& #a-a #a$a i-i! $an a$an !i%ie-
'. Hiema a(iat (e%ainan !e% $a-a ata #em% $a-a
". Hiema a(iat neo#%a!ma
< Be-$a!a-(an 8a(t te-+a$ina4 iema $ia&i ata! 2 ait?
1. Hiema #-ime-4 tim% !e&e-a !ete%a t-ama in&&a a-i (e 2.
2. Hiema !e(n$e-4 tim% #a$a a-i (e 27" !ete%a te-+a$i t-ama.
6< Be-$a!a-(an tam#i%an (%ini!na $ia&i men+a$i ee-a#a &-a$e ;Se##a-$< ?
1. G-a$e I ? $a-a men&i!i (-an& $a-i !e#e-ti&a =A ;",:<
2. G-a$e II ? $a-a men&i!i !e#e-ti&a in&&a !eten&a =A ;20:<
3. G-a$e III ? $a-a men&i!i am#i- tota% =A ;1':<
'. G-a$e IC ? $a-a memeni !e%- =A ;,:<
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Tab"! 2.1 !asi#ikasi /i#"ma b"r)asarkan tam(i!an k!inis
2.+. Pato#isio!o*i$'%-&
T-ama tm#% menea(an (om#-e!i o%a mata4 $i!e-tai #e-e&an&an %im!4 $an
#e-aan #o!i!i $a-i i-i! ata %en!a. Ha% ini $a#at menin&(at(an te(anan int-ao(%e- !e6a-a
a(t $an e-n&an $en&an (e-!a(an +a-in&an #a$a !$t mata. Pe-$a-aan ia!ana
te-+a$i (a-ena a$ana -oe(an #em% $a-a4 anta-a %ain a-te-i7a-te-i tama $an 6aan&7
6aan& $a-i a$an !i%ia-4 a-te-i (o-oi$a%i!4 $an 9ena79ena a$an !i%ia-.
Gambar 2., M"kanism" P"r)ara/an akibat Trama Tm(! Mata
In%ama!i an& #a-a #a$a i-i!4 !e% $a-a an& ano-ma% $an (an(e- mn&(in +&a
i!a menea(an #e-$a-aan #a$a =A. T-ama tm#% $a#at me-oe( #em% $a-a
i-i! ata a$an !i%ia-. Gaa7&aa (ont!i a(an me-oe( #em% $a-a i-i! $an me-!a(
!$t =A. Teta#i $a#at +&a te-+a$i !e6a-a !#ontan ata #a$a #ato%o&i 9a!(%e- o(%e-.
Da-a ini $a#at e-&e-a( $a%am -an& =A4 men&oto-i #e-m(aan $a%am (o-nea.
Pe-$a-aan #a$a i%i( mata $e#an men&a(iat(an te-a(ti9a!ina me(ani!me
emo!ta!i! $an i-ino%i!i!. Penin&(atan te(anan int-ao(%a-4 !#a!me #em% $a-a4 $an #ement(an i-in me-#a(an me(ani!me #eme(an $a-a an& a(an men&enti(an
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#e-$a-aan. Be(an $a-a ini $a#at me%a! $a-i i%i( mata $e#an (e i%i( mata e%a(an&.
Be(an $a-a ini ia!ana e-%an&!n& in&&a '7* a-i. Sete%a it4 i-ino%i!i! a(an te-+a$i.
Sete%a te-+a$i e(an $a-a #a$a i%i( mata $e#an4 ma(a #%a!mino&en a(an $ia men+a$i
#%a!min o%e a(ti9ato- (a!(a$e (oa&%a!i. P%a!min a(an meme6a i-in4 !ein&&a e(an
$a-a an& !$a te-+a$i men&a%ami $i!o%!i. P-o$( a!i% $e&-a$a!i e(an $a-a4 e-!ama
$en&an !e% $a-a me-a $an $e-i! #e-a$an&an4 (e%a- $a-i i%i( mata $e#an men+ +a%inan
t-ae(%a- $an a%i-an 9ea!(%e-a%.
Pe-$a-aan $a#at te-+a$i !e&e-a !e!$a t-ama an& $i!et #e-$a-aan #-ime-.
Pe-$a-aan #-ime- $a#at !e$i(it $a#at #%a ana(. Pe-$a-aan !e(n$e- ia!ana tim%
#a$a a-i (e " !ete%a t-ama. Pe-$a-aanna ia!ana %ei eat $a-i#a$a an& #-ime-.
=%e (a-ena it !e!eo-an& $en&an iema a-! $i-a8at !e$i(itna " a-i. Di(ata(an
#e-$a-aan !e(n$e- ini te-+a$i (a-ena -e!o-#!i $a-ie(an $a-a te-+a$i te-%a% 6e#at
!ein&&a #em% $a-a ta( men$a#at 8a(t an& 6(# nt( -e&ene-a!i (ema%i.
Peneman $a-a #a$a iema $i(e%a-(an $a-i =A $a%am ent( !e% $a-a
me-a me%a%i !$t =A men+ (ana% !6%em !e$an&(an !i!ana a(an $ia!o-!i me%a%i
#e-m(aan i-i!. Pene-a#an #a$a i-i! $i#e-6e#at $en&an a$ana enim i-ino%iti( $i $ae-a
ini.Sea&ian iema $i(e%a-(an !ete%a te--ai $a%am ent( emo!i$e-in. Bi%a te-$a#at
#enm#(an $a-i emo!i$e-in ini4 $a#at ma!( (e $a%am %a#i!an (o-nea4 menea(an
(o-nea men+a$i e8a-na (nin& $an $i!et emo!i$e-o!i! ata imii!i (o-nea4 an& ana
$a#at $ito%on& $en&an (e-ato#%a!ti. Imii!io (o-nea $a#at $i#e-6e#at te-+a$ina o%e iema
an& #en $i!e-tai &%a(oma.
2.0. G"a!a k!inik $1%'%-&
A$ana -i8aat t-ama4 te-tama men&enai matana $a#at mema!ti(an a$ana
iema. Ditana(an men&enai a#a(a #a$a #a!ien ini a#a(a memi%i( -i8aat 9eiti!4 !6$!t-o# ata &%a6oma4 a#a(a #a$a #a!ien memi%i(i #ena(it !i!temi( te-tent !e#e-ti
sickle cell 4 &a&a% &in+a%4 (eami%an4 $an &an&&an #eme(an $a-a4 #en&(on!m!ian oat >
oatan te-tent !e#e-ti 8a-a-in4 a!#i-in ata NSAID4 $an $etai% $a-i t-ama an& men&enai
mata !ein&&a menim%(an #e-$a-aan.
Pa!ien a(an men&e% !a(it $i!e-tai $en&an e#io-a $an %ea-o!#a!me4 #en&%iatan
#a!ien a(an men-n. Bi%a #a!ien $$( iema a(ant-n men&i(ti &aa &-a9ita!i
te-&antn& $a-i !ee-a#a ana( $a-a an& e-a$a $i$a%am i%i( mata $e#an4 $an #a$a
ee-a#a #a!ien $a#at men&a%ami &e+a%a #enin&(atan int-ao(%e-. Ka$an&7(a$an& te-%iat
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i-i$o#%e&ia $an i-i$o$ia%i!i!.Pa!ien a(an men&e% ne-i #a$a mata $i!e-tai $en&an mata an&
e-ai-. =tot !in&te- ##i% men&a%ami (e%m#an4 ##i% teta# $i%ata!i ;mi$-ia!i!
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$a-i iema $i#e-6e#at $an !an&at men&-an&i tim%na (om#%i(a!i #e-$a-aan !e(n$e-.
I!ti-aat tota% ini a-! $i#e-taan(an minima% " a-i men&in&at (emn&(inan #e-$a-aan
!e(n$e-. Ha% ini !e-in& !(a- $i%a((an4 te-%ei7%ei #a$a ana(7ana(4 !ein&&a (a%a #e-%
a-! $ii(at tan&an $an (a(ina (e tem#at ti$- $an #en&a8a!an $i%a((an $en&an !aa-.
2. B"bat mata
Men&enai #ema(aian eat mata4 ma!i e%m a$a (e!e!aian #en$a#at $ianta-a #a-a
a%i. Pen&&naan eat mata #a$a mata an& te-(ena t-ama ait nt( men&-an&i
#e-&e-a(an o%a mata an& !a(it.
'. M")ikam"ntosa
Peme-ian oat #a$a #en$e-ita $en&an t-amati( iema ti$a(%a mt%a(4 ta#i 6(#
e-&na nt( men&enti(an #e-$a-aan4 mem#e-6e#at a!o-!ina $an mene(an (om#%i(a!ian& tim%. Unt( ma(!$ $iata! $i&na(an oat7oat !e#e-ti ?
oa*!ansia
Go%on&an oat (oa&%an!ia ini $a#at $ie-i(an !e6a-a o-a% ma#n #a-ente-a%4
e-&na nt( mene(an@men&enti(an #e-$a-aan4 Mi!a%na ? Ana-oi%4 A$ona A4
oa&%en4 T-an!amin4 9it K $an 9it . Pa$a iema an& a- $an te-i!i $a-a !e&a- $ie-i
oat anti i-ino%iti( ;oat ini $i(ena% !ea&ai t-an!amine@ t-an!ami6 a6i$< !ein&&a
e(an $a-a ti$a( te-%a% 6e#at $i!e-a# $an #em% $a-a $ie-i (e!em#atan nt( mem#e-ai(i $i-i $a% !am#ai !em. Den&an $emi(ian $ia-a#(an te-+a$ina
#e-$a-aan !e(n$e- $a#at $iin$a-(an. Peme-ianna ' (a%i 2"0 m& $an ana !e(ita- "
a-i +an&an me%e8ati !at min&& o%e (a-ena $a#at tim%(an &an&&an t-an!#o-ta!i
6ai-an =A $an te-+a$ina &%a(oma +&a imii!io (o-nea.
Mi)riatika Miotika
Ma!i ana( #e-$eatan men&enai #en&&naan oat7oat &o%on&an mi$-iati(a
ata mioti(a4 (a-ena ma!in&7ma!in& oat mem#nai (entn&an $an (e-&ian !en$i-i7
!en$i-i. Mioti(a meman& a(an mem#e-6e#at a!o-!i4 ta#i menin&(at(an (on&e!ti $an
mi$-iati(a a(an men&i!ti-aat(an #e-$a-aan. Peme-ian mi$-iati(a $ian+-(an i%a
$i$a#at(an (om#%i(a!i i-i$io66%iti!. Bee-a#a #ene%itian mem(ti(an a8a
#eme-ian mi$-iati(a $an mioti(a e-!ama7!ama $en&an inte-9a% 30 menit !eana( $a
(a%i !ea-i a(an men&-an&i #e-$a-aan !e(n$e- $ian$in& #ema(aian !a%a !at oat!a+a.
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83!ar H9(ot"nsi6" Dr*
Sema #a-a a%i men&an+-(an #eme-ian a6etao%ami$e ;Diamo< !e6a-a o-a%
!eana( 3 !ea-i i%amana $item(an a$ana (enai(an te(anan int-ao(%e-. Ba(an
Gomo! $an a!na men&an+-(an +&a #ema(aian int-a9ena -ea4 manito% $an &%i!e-innt( men-n(an te(anan int-ao(%e-4 8a%a#n $ite&a!(an a8a 6a-a ini ti$a( -tin.
Pa$a iema an& #en $en&an (enai(an te(anan int-a o(%a-4 e-i(an $iamo4 &%!e-in4
ni%ai !e%ama 2' +am. Bi%a te(anan int-a o(%a- teta# tin&&i ata t-n4 teta#i teta# $iata!
no-ma%4 %a((an #a-a!ente!a ait #en&e%a-an $-a me%a%i !aatan $i (o-nea Bi%a
te(anan int-a o(%a- t-n !am#ai no-ma%4 $iamo te-! $ie-i(an $an $ie9a%a!i !etia#
a-i. Bi%a teta# no-ma% te(anan int-a o(%a-na $an $a-ana ma!i a$a !am#ai a-i (e "7
/ %a((an +&a #a-a!ente!a.
ortikost"roi) )an Antibiotika
Peme-ian i$-o(o-ti!on 04": !e6a-a to#i(a%.
Tin)akan 8("rasi $1%'%-&
Tin$a(an o#e-a!i $i(e-+a(an i%amana $item(an &%a(oma !e(n$e-4 tan$a imii!i
(o-nea ata emo!i$e-o!i! (o-nea. Dan ti$a( a$a #en&-an&an $a-i tin&&ina iema $en&an
#e-a8atan non7o#e-a!i !e%ama 3 7 " a-i. Unt( men6e&a at-oi #a#i% !a-a o#ti( $i%a((an
#eme$aan i%a te(anan o%a mata ma(!ima% "0 mmH& !e%ama " a-i ata te(anan o%amata ma(!ima% 3" mmH& !e%ama * a-i. Unt( men6e&a imii!i (o-nea $i%a((an
#eme$aan i%a te(anan o%a mata -ata7-ata 2" mmH& !e%ama ) a-i ata i%a $item(an
tan$a7tan$a imii!i (o-nea.
Tin$a(an o#e-ati $i%a((an nt( men6e&a te-+a$ina !ine(ia ante-io- #e-ie- i%a
iema tota% e-taan !e%ama " a-i ata iema $i! e-taan !e%ama / a-i. Inte-9en!i
e$a ia!ana $iin$i(a!i(an #a$a ata !ete%a ' a-i.
Tin)akan o("rasi 9an* )ik"rakan a)a!a/ :
1. Pa-a!ente!i!;1<
Pa-a!ente!i! me-#a(an tin$a(an #eme$aan $en&an men&e%a-(an 6ai-an@$a-a
$a-i i%i( $e#an o%a mata $en&an te(ni( !ea&ai e-i(t ? $iat in!i!i (o-nea 2 mm
$a-i %im! (e a-a (o-nea an& !e+a+a- $en&an #e-m(aan i-i!. Bia!ana i%a
$i%a((an #ene(anan #a$a ii- %(a ma(a (oa&%m $a-i i%i( mata $e#an a(an
(e%a-. Bi%a $a-a ti$a( (e%a- !e%-na ma(a i%i( mata $e#an $ii%a! $en&an
&a-am i!io%o&i!. Bia!ana %(a in!i!i (o-nea #a$a #a-a!ente!i! ti$a( #e-% $i+at.
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Pa-a!ente!e $i%a((an i%a TI= ti$a( t-n $en&an $iamo ata +i(a $a-a ma!i teta#
te-$a#at $a%am =A #a$a a-i "7/.
2. Me%a((an i-i&a!i $i i%i( $e#an o%a mata $en&an %a-tan i!io%o&i(.
3. Den&an 6a-a !e#e-ti me%a((an e(!t-a(!i (ata-a( $en&an mem(a (o-neo!6%e-ana
!ee!a- 120o
2.1;. om(!ikasi$1%'%-&
Kom#%i(a!i an& #a%in& !e-in& $item(an #a$a t-amati( iema a$a%a #e-$a-aan
!e(n$e-4 &%a(oma !e(n$e- $an emo!i$e-o!i! $i !am#in& (om#%i(a!i $a-i t-amana
!en$i-i e-#a $i!%o(a!i $a-i %en!a4 a%atio -etina4 (ata-a( $an i-i$o$ia%!i!. Be!a-na
(om#%i(a!i +&a !an&at te-&antn& #a$a tin&&ina iema.
2.11. Pro*nosis $+&
P-o&no!i! te-&antn& #a$a ana(na $a-a an& te-timn #a$a (ame-a o(%i
ante-io-. Bia!ana iema $en&an $a-a an& !e$i(it $an tan#a $i!e-tai &%a(oma4
#-o&no!i!na ai( ;onam< (a-ena $a-a a(an $i!e-a# (ema%i $an i%an& !em#-na $a%am
ee-a#a a-i. Se$an&(an iema an& te%a men&a%ami &%a(oma4 #-o&no!i!na e-&antn&
#a$a !ee-a#a e!a- &%a(oma te-!et menim%(an $ee( #a$a (eta+aman #en&%iatan. Bi%a
ta+am #en&%iatan te%a men6a#ai 1@)0 ata %ei -en$a ma(a #-o&no!i! #en$e-ita a$a%a
-( ;ma%am< (a-ena $a#at menea(an (etaan.
BAB III
ESIMPULAN
Hiema me-#a(an (ea$aan $imana te-$a#at $a-a $i $a%am i%i( mata $e#an4 ait
$ae-a $i anta-a (o-nea $an i-i!4 an& $a#at te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% an& me-oe(
#em% $a-a i-i! ata a$an !i%ia- $an e-6am#- $en&an mo- ae! an& +e-ni.
Pene&a(an $ia&no!i! iema e-$!a-(an a$ana -i8aat t-ama4 te-tama men&enai
matana $a#at mema!ti(an a$ana iema.Pa$a &ama-an (%ini( $item(an a$ana
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#e-$a-aan #a$a =A4 (a$an&7(a$an& $item(an &an&&an 9i!!. Ditem(an a$ana tan$a7
tan$a i-ita!i $a-i 6on+n6ti9a $an #e-i6o-nea%4 otooia4 #en&%iatan &an$a4 %ea-o!#a!me4
e$ema #a%#e-a4 mi$-ia!i!4 $an !(a- me%iat $e(at4 (emn&(inan $i!e-tai &an&&an mm
ait %eta-&i64 $i!o-ienta!i ata !omno%en.
Penata%a(!anaan iema #a$a #-in!i#na $ia&i $a%am 2 &o%on&an e!a- ait
#e-a8atan $en&an 6a-a (on!e-9ati@tan#a o#e-a!i4 $an #e-a8atan an& $i!e-tai $en&an
tin$a(an o#e-a!i. Tin$a(an ini e-t+an nt( ?men&enti(an #e-$a-aan4 men&in$a-(an
tim%na #e-$a-aan !e(n$e-4 men&e%imina!i $a-a $a-i i%i( $e#an o%a mata $en&an
mem#e-6e#at a!o-!i4 men&ont-o% &%a(oma !e(n$e- $an men&in$a-i (om#%i(a!i an&
%ain4 $an e-!aa men&oati (e%ainan an& mene-taina.
DAFTAR PUSTAA
1. I%a!4 Si$a-ta. 200/. I%m Pena(it Mata4 E$i!i (eem#at. Ja(a-ta ? FKUI #-e!!4 Ha%?
2),72*0.
2. I%a!4 Si$a-ta. 2002 T-ama Tm#% Mata ? I%m Pena(it Mata. Ja(a-ta ? Sa&n&
Seto4 Ha% ? 2)37).
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3. Ca&an4 Danie%4 G. 2000. T-ama ? =tamo%o&i Umm e$i!i (e71'. Ja(a-ta ? 5i$a
Me$i(a. Ha%? 3,043,'.
'. ano M4 D(e- JS. 200'. =#ta%mo%o&. 2n$ e$4 #. '1)7'1/. St Loi!4 M=? Mo!
". N-8a!i!4 $((. 200). Pe$oman Dia&no!i! $an Te-a#i SMF I%m Pena(it Mata?
Hiema #a$a R$a#a(!a Tm#%. Ha% 13*713/. Pene-it? FK Unai-4 S-aaa.
). Sma-!ono4 ont!io =6%i. A9ai%a%e at
tt#?@@888.#o-ta%(a%e@(a%eont!io=6%i.tm%.
*. Se##a-$ J4 -o6 E. H#ema. 200,. A9ai%a%e at
tt#?@@eme$i6ine.me$!6a#e.6om@o#ta%mo%o&ante-io- .
,. Raman A4 200/. T-ama Tm#% =(%i. A9ai%a%e at tt#?@@e%ii!7
a1*.6om@200/@10@11@t-ama7tm#%7o(%i@.
14
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