Respiratory System

Pre-assessment Questions: What is cellular respiration? How does the respiratory

system relate to cellular respiration?

How does the circulatory system relate to the respiratory system and to cellular respiration?

Respiratory System

I. Overview

A. Primary functions: Gas exchange: Which gases and in which

direction?1. To absorb oxygen

2. Release carbon dioxide

3. Warms, humidifies and filters air

B.How does gas exchange relate to cellular

respiration?

The respiratory system brings in the oxygen and removes the carbon dioxide so you can produce energy.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

1. RS brings oxygen into the body

2. Oxygenated blood gets pumped by the CS to cells of the body

3. O2 is exchanged for CO2 at the cellular level

4. Deoxygenated blood is transported back to the lungs via the CS

5. CO2 is expelled by the lungs

YEAH! I’M ALIVE!

Respiratory System

II. Anatomy

A. Nose / Nasal Cavity1. Air enters the body and is filtered, warmed and humidified HOW and WHY?2. Lined with cilia and mucous WHY?

Respiratory System

B. Pharynx (Throat)1. Passageway for air

and foodC. Epiglottis

1. Covers the opening to the trachea when you swallow 2. Why?

** prevents food from “going down the wrong way.” 3. What is the wrong way?

1. A pathway lined with several pieces of cartilage which are connected to muscles.

2. Allows us to communicate 3. One piece, the thyroid

cartilage forms the “Adam’s apple “.

Why do boys have a larger Adam’s apple?

***Testosterone causes it to grow larger.

D. Larynx “Voice Box”

Respiratory System

Respiratory System

E. Trachea1. Cartilaginous tube -

“Windpipe”2. Divides into right and left

bronchi

Respiratory System

F. Bronchi1. Two large passageways in the chest

cavity – each leads to one lung2. Subdivide into smaller bronchioles

3. Smooth muscle surrounds the bronchi and bronchioles and control size of airway4. Bronchioles subdivide into millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli

Respiratory System

G. Alveoli1. Oxygen dissolves in

the moisture on the inner surface, then diffuses across capillaries into the blood

2. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream diffuses in the opposite direction

Alveoli

Bronchiole

Capillary

There are 150 millionalveoli in each healthylung!

Respiratory SystemIII. Breathing

A. Controlled by the diaphragmB. CO2 levels in blood determine

diaphragm contraction; monitored by cells in brain

Air inhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage rises

Air exhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage lowers

Inhalation Exhalation

Quiz on Respiratory Structures

Nasal Cavity

Mouth

Epiglottis

Bronchus

Pharynx

Trachea

Lung

Bronchiole

Diaphragm

Respiratory System

IV. Diseases of the RSA. Asthma

1. Allergic reaction2. Smooth muscles contract, narrowing

the airways3. Clogs the airways with mucus

B. Bronchitis1. Excess mucus and inflammation of the

bronchioles2. Caused by long-term exposure to

irritants such as cigarette smoke and air pollutants

Respiratory System

C. Cystic Fibrosis1. Genetic defect that causes excessive

mucus production that clogs the airways; die from drowning

D. Pneumonia1. Inflammation of the lungs caused by

Streptococcus pneumoniaeE. Tuberculosis

1. Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) of the lungs that causes the formation of hard nodules and crusty dead spots in lungs

Respiratory System

V. Effects of Smoking1. Nicotine constricts bronchioles,

decreasing airflow in lungs = bad2. CO binds to hemoglobin reducing O2

carrying capacity = bad3. Irritants in smoke caused increased mucus

secretion and swelling of mucosal lining = bad

4. Irritants in smoke inhibit movement and eventually destroy cilia in lining of RS = bad

5. Over time, the elastic fibers of the lungs are destroyed causing collapse of small bronchioles and the trapping of air in alveoli = bad

Respiratory System

Respiratory System

VI. Smoking-Related DiseasesA. Emphysema: Destruction of the

walls of the alveoli resulting in less surface for gas exchange

Respiratory System

B. Chronic bronchitis: Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus

Respiratory System

C. Lung Cancer: leading cause of cancer deaths in US; most people die within a year of initial diagnosis; 85% of cases are related to smoking

Respiratory System

DON’T SMOKE OR YOU COULD WIND UP LIKE THESE GUYS!!!!!!!