kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$1

jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg

jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfksLo 9fFrf / vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/sf] ;'lglZrttf -k[i7 $_

vfg]kfgLsf] ;xh pknAwtfn] hghLljsfdf NofPsf] kl/jt{gsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f -k[i7 &_

…cfk}+maf6 z'? u/f}+Ú M ;fy{s ¿kdf dgfOPsf] ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd -k[i7 *_

g]kfnsf u|fdL0f ;d'bfox¿df vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub{} cfO/x]sf] u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt o; jif{b]lv afO;f}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yf :yfkgfsf] cj;/df ut @)&# r}q ! ut] PSsfO;f}+ jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]xsf] cfof]hgf u/L sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] xfn;Dd xfl;n u/]sf pknlAwx¿, efjL nIo / r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;dLIff ul/of] .

vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dGqfnosf ;lrj >L eLdk|;fb pkfWofo k|d'v cltly /xg' ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf af]Nb} sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L e"k]Gb| cof{nn] ;d'bfosf] dfudf cfwfl/t :jfldTj, g]t[Tj, Joj:yfkg / ;xeflutfTds cjwf/0ffsf] k|jw{g ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ljsf; ;ldlt P]g @)!# cGtu{t @)%@ r}q ! ut] :yflkt o; ;+:yfn] g]kfn ;/sf/, cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;+:yf÷ljZj a}+s / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfly{s ;xof]udf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . pxfFn] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltåf/f klxnf] / bf];|f] u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgf (RWSSP- I & II) af6 @,&$% j6f cfof]hgf k"0f{ ¿kdf ;DkGg u/L @# nfv eGbf a9L u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/Psf] atfpFb} xfn -;g\ @)!$ b]lv @)@) h'g;Dd_ %% lhNnfdf ;~rflnt u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'wf/ cfof]hgf - RWSSIP af6 !,*&$ cfof]hgf ;DkGg u/L yk !% nfv u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ nIosf ;fy sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o;}u/L pxfFn] ;fljssf $)) uflj;nfO{ v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm u/fpg] / v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf uflj;x¿df k"0f{ ;/;kmfO cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ nIo cg'¿k sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf] / o;af6 k|ToIf ¿kdf yk ( nfv hgtf nfeflGjt x'g] hfgsf/L klg lbg'eof] . o;} qmddf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L cof{nn] @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk / tTkZrft uPsf k/fsDkgaf6 ljutdf klxnf] / bf];|f] u|fdL0f

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf]if ljsf; ;ldlt afO;f}+ jif{df k|j]z

vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgf dfk{mt\ ;DkGg ePsf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx¿df ePsf] Ifltn] ;+rfngdf gcfPsf cfof]hgfx¿ ;+rfngdf Nofpgsf nflu e"sDk clt k|efljt !$ j6f lhNnfx¿df k'g?Tyfg tyf k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] klg atfpg' eof] .

;f]xL cj;/df af]Nb} ljZj a}+s g]kfnsf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO lj1 >L l;Nef >]i7n] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ;fe]mbf/ ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿, :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;+:yfut ljsf;, cfof]hgf lgdf{0f sfdk|lt ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf, jftfj/0fd}qL k|ljlw tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] atfpFb} oL cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} nIo k|flKtdf nflu/xg ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ z'esfdgf lbg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf cfk\mgf] dGtJo /fVb} sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly

sfo{qmdsf] ;d'b\3f6g ub}{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dGqfnosf ;lrj >L eLdk|;fb pkfWofo

-afFsL k[i7 @ df_

a+unfb]zsf] ;/;kmfO k|jw{gdf ;/;kmfO ahf/Ls/0fsf] k|efj M Ps cg'ej -k[i7 (_

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$ 2

;Dkfbg d08n

;b:ox?

;+ho s'df/ ld>

pk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

6Lsf clwsf/L

k|d'v, dfgj ;+;fwg tyf sfo{qmd

ljsf; dxfzfvf

;Dkfbs

e/t clwsf/L

;~rf/ tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 lj1

;Nnfxsf/

e"k]Gb| cof{n

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

k|sfzs

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf;

;ldlt, lzjdfu{, dxf/fhu~h, sf7df8f}+,

kf]=a= g+= !@$!$, 6]lnkmf]g g+= $))#)!)

Od]n M khaskosh@rwss.org

j]a;fO6 M www.rwss.org

gofF :j¿kdf ;dfrf/kqu|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf]

q}dfl;s d'vkq …xfd|f] kfgLÚ nfO{ xfdLn] ca å}dfl;s ¿kdf …kfgL,

;/;kmfO / hLjgÚ sf] gfddf kf7sx¿ ;dIf k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ .

o; ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} PsLs[t ¿kdf vfg]kfgL

tyf ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] ;a}df ljlbt} 5 .

vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOnfO{ ;d'bfosf] ljsf;sf] k|j]zåf/sf ¿kdf

lnP/ ;d'bfodf vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf pknAw ePkl5 vf;u/L

dlxnfx¿sf] vfg]kfgL cf];f/k;f/df art x'g] ;donfO{

cfocfh{gsf lqmofsnfkx¿df nufO{ pgLx¿sf] hLjg:t/

k|jw{g ug]{ p2]Zon] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] hLljsf, hfu/0f h:tf

sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

;'wf/ cfof]hgfsf] k|f/De;Fu} o; ;ldltn] ;/;kmfOdf /fHon]

lnPsf] nIo k|flKtdf of]ubfg lbg] Wo]osf ;fy v'nf lb;fd'Qm

tyf k"0f{ ;/;kmfO sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]t cleofgsf] ¿kdf cufl8

a9fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;ldltsf] pNn]lvt e"ldsfsf] plrt

;+af]wg ug{sf nflu o; ;dfrf/kqsf] gfdfs/0f …kfgL, ;/;kmfO

/ hLjgÚ ul/Psf] xf] .

o; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿,

k|fKt l;sfO{ tyf o;n] JolQm, kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf

kf/]sf ;sf/fTds k|efjx¿sf ;fy;fy} vfg]kfgL /

;/;kmfOsf] /fli6«o nIo k"/f ug]{ lbzfdf k'¥ofPsf]

of]ubfg h:tf ljifox¿nfO{ o; ;dfrf/kq dfk{mt\ ;fj{hlgs

ug]{ xfd|f] rfxgf xf] . To;}n] xfdL ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf ;Dk"0f{

sd{rf/Lx¿, kf7sx¿ tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{

cf–cfˆgf] If]q / sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/Lx¿ k|sfzgsf

nflu sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] 7]ufgfdf k7fpg' x'g xflb{s

cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

;DkfbsLo

vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dGqfnosf ;lrj >L eLdk|;fb pkfWofon] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] /fi6«n] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO If]qdf lnPsf] nIo k|flKtsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] atfpFb} o; ;+:yfsf lqmofsnfkaf6 ;dfhdf ljsf;sf cj;/x¿ v'n]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;f] cj;/df ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿sf tk{maf6 af]Nb} …;Ne g]kfnÚ sf cWoIf >L /fh]Gb| k|wfgn] u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO h:tf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt;Fusf] ;xsfo{ cfufdL lbgdf klg cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . ;f]xL cj;/df wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{;ldlt ;b:o >L dg bfxfnn] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] b'O{ bzssf] ofqfnfO{ ;kmn agfpg cf–cfk\mgf] If]qaf6 of]ubfg ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[lgsfo ljZj a}+s, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dGqfno, sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿, ;ldltsf ;fe]mbf/ ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿, ;d'bfo, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ;ldltsf sd{rf/Lx¿ tyf ;Dk"0f{

-k[i7 ! sf] afFsL_

;/f]sf/jfx¿k|lt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ug'{eof] .

;df/f]xsf cWoIf tyf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf ;b:o >L s[i0fk|;fb

h};Ln] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] PSsfO;f}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] kfjg

cj;/df cfufdL lbgdf o; ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;,

;ldltaf6 ;~rfng x'g] cfof]hgfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog /

u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfsf nflu ;+:yfnfO{ r':t b'?:t kfg{ cfk"m ;bf

;dlk{t /xg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{

nugzLntfsf nflu wGojfb k|bfg ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmddf ;/;kmfO b"t tyf ;dfh;]jL÷snfsf/åo w'[d'{;–

;'GtnL -;Ltf/fd s§]n / s'~hgf l3ld/]_ n] ;/;kmfO /

:jR5tf ;DaGwL r]tgf hufpg] dgf]/~hgk"0f{ k|x;g k|:t't ug'{

ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{;ldltsf

kbflwsf/Lx¿, sd{rf/Lx¿, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO If]qsf

lj1 tyf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$3

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'wf/ cfof]hgf cGtu{t $% lhNnfsf ;fljssf #(& uflj;sf @! nfv %* xhf/ eGbf a9L hg;+Vofsf nflu ;~rflnt lj=;+= @)&# h]i7 dlxgf b]lv xfn;Dddf v'nf lb;fd'Qm÷k"0f{ ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd cGtu{t $* j6f ;fljssf uflj; v'nf lb;fd'Qm 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g\ . oL dWo] !$& ;fljssf uflj;;Fu v'nf lb;fd'Qm tyf @%) uflj;;Fu v'nf lb;fd'Qm cj:yfkl5sf] k"0f{ ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt, lhlj;, uflj;, ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?aLr rf}kIfLo ;dembf/L kqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] lyof] .

sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] b]zsf ^ j6f k|b]z cGtu{t !)^ j6f ;xof]uL lgsfox? dfk{mt\ ;DalGwt lejf;;L;L / d'Vo ?kdf o'lg;]km, o'Pg x\ofla6\of6, P;Pgle, jN8{ lehg, Knfg g]kfn, g]jf, cS;kmfd, cfOl8O g]kfn cflb h:tf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;dGjodf cGo uflj;df klg v'nf lb;fd'Qm÷k"0f{ ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t s/Lj $ nfv @) xhf/ 3/w'/L ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;xof]u tyf ;xof]uL ;+:yf …;Ne g]kfnÚsf] ;xhLs/0fdf oxL @)&$ c;f/ ( ut] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] sf]GHof];f]d ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= %, ef/b]p -;flassf] ef/b]p uflj;_ v'nf lb;fd'Qm 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 . sf]GHof];f]d ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v >L uf]kLnfn l;+tfgsf]

k|d'v cfltYo tyf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L e"k]Gb| cof{n Pj+ lhNnf :t/Lo vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldlt nlntk'/sf ;+of]hs Pj+ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L >L x]d/fh e';fnsf] ljz]if cfltYodf pQm 3f]if0ff ;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

o; If]qdf ;/;kmfO cleofg k|f/De ubf{ j8fsf $** 3/w'/L dWo] @#! 3/w'/Ldf dfq kSsL zf}rfnosf] kx'Fr ePsf]df ;d'bfo / ljBfno kl/rfngsf] dfWodaf6 afFsL @%& 3/w'/Ldf klg jf6/;Ln Kofg hl8t zf}rfno lgdf{0f u/L k|of]udf

ljleGg :yfgdf v'nf lb;fd'Qm 3f]if0ff sfo{qmd ;DkGg

v'nf lb;fd'Qm cleofgdf ;xof]u u/] afkt sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs Ho"nfO{ sb/kq k|bfg ub}{ sf]GHof];f]d

ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v >L uf]kLnfn l;+tfg

NofOPsf] hfgsf/L ;xof]uL ;+:yf ;Ne g]kfnsf jf; clkm;/ >L ofbj g]kfnn] lbg'eof] .

3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf af]Nb} sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L e"k]Gb| cof{nn] of] cleofg ;kmn agfpg e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ ;a} ;+3 ;+:yf, ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo / JolQmx¿nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb lb+b} o; If]qdf v'nf lb;f d'Qmkl5sf] k"0f{ ;/;kmfO lqmofsnfk ;~rfngsf nflu klg k"0f{ ¿kdf ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ug'{eof] .

a5f{jf l;/xf lhNnfsf] #^cf}+ v'nf lb;fd'Qm j8f 3f]lift

sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ;"of]{bo o'jf Sna, k;f{sf] ;xhLs/0fdf l;/xf lhNnfsf] g/xf ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=$ a5f{jf -;flassf] a5f{jf uflj;_ oxL @)&$ c;f/ !) ut] l;/xf lhNnfsf] #^ cf} v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm j8fsf ¿kdf 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 . &^% 3/w'/L /x]sf] o; j8fsf ;a} 3/df ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] ;xhLs/0fdf kSsL rkL{ lgdf{0f eO{ k|of]udf cfPsf] 5 . bzf}+ ;d"xdf l;/xf lhNnfdf sfo{/t sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿dWo] ;"of]{bo o'jf Snan] ;j{k|yd of] pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] xf] .

j8f ;lrj >L a]rg ofbjsf] cWoIftf / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l;/xfsf k|zf;sLo clws[t >L sdnb]j ofbj Pj+ sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{qmd Joj:yfks >L cd[t l;Gw' >]i7sf] cfltYodf cfof]lht pQm 3f]if0ff;efdf g/xf ufpFkflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t >L ej]; s'df/ emf, ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf cWoIf >L nf]s gf/fo0f ofbj nufotsf jQmfx¿n] dGtJo JoQm ub}{ sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lhNnfe/ lj:tf/ ug'{ kg]{ /fo JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df a5f{jfjf;Lx¿n] ;/;kmfO k|jw{gsf nflu lnlvt k|lta4tf ;d]t ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP .

v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm j8f 3f]if0ffsf ;fy} k"0f{ ;/;kmfOsf] ofqf klg z'? ePsfn] ca cfk\mgf] If]qdf cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'j} ylkPsf] ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx¿ atfpF5g\ .

;/;kmfO k|jw{gsf nflu a5f{jfjf;Lx¿n] u/]sf] lnlvt k|lta4tf

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$ 4

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'wf/ cfof]hgf cGtu{tsf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfx¿df jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfksLo 9fFrf (ESMF) nfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf rqmsf ljleGg r/0fdf ljljw k|sf/sf ;+efJo jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs k|efjx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ / ltgsf] Go"gLs/0fsf pko'Qm pkfox¿af/] ;'emfj lbg] p2]Zon] of] 9fFrf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; 9fFrfn] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt ;sf/fTds, lbuf] jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs pkfox¿sf] clej[l4 ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg cGtu{t d'xfg ;+/If0f, ;+/rgfx¿sf] tf/af/, kfOk nfOgx¿sf] ;+/If0f, a9L ePsf] kfgLsf] plrt Joj:yfkg, jiff{tdf a9L ePsf] kfgLsf] lgsf; tyf Joj:yfkg / v]/ uPsf] kfgLsf] ;b'kof]u h:tf sfo{x¿ d'Vo ¿kdf kb{5g\ .

o; 9fFrf cGtu{t k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog r/0fdf ul/g] jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs 5gf]6 9fFrf (Screening Format) nfO{ rf/ ju{df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cGtu{t klxnf] E1/S1 cyf{t\ jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs ¿kdf gsf/fTds k|efj kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿, bf];|f] E1/S2 cyf{t\ jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj kg]{ t/ ;fdlhs ¿kdf gsf/fTds k|efj gkg]{ cfof]hgfx¿, t];|f] E2/S1 cyf{t\ jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj gkg]{ t/ ;fdflhs ¿kdf k|efj kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿ / rf}yf] E2/S2 jftfj/0f / ;fdflhs If]qdf gsf/fTds c;/ Go"g dfqfdf dfq kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿ kb{5g\ . bzf}+ r/0f cGtu{tsf] ljsf; r/0fdf k|fKt k|fljlws k|ltj]bgdf s'n %^@ cfof]hgfx¿sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] lyof], h;dWo] xfn;Dddf $(* cfof]hgfx¿sf] jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg of]hgf k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf ;DaGwL Joj:yf

d'xfgb]lv d'v;Dd vfg]kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu cfof]hgfsf ljleGg r/0f -k"j{ ;DefJotf, ljsf; r/0f / sfof{Gjog r/0f_ df ;]jfd"ns lgsfox¿af6 vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/sf] k/LIf0f ug]{ ul/G5 . o; cGtu{t bzf}+ ;d"xsf] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog r/0fdf cfof]hgf If]qdf /x]sf xfn k|of]udf /x]sf %%& vfg]kfgLsf ;|f]tx?sf] gd"gf k|fKt ePsf] lyof], h;dWo] $@( cfof]hgfx¿ u|fle6L -kxf8L_ vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL cGtu{tsf 5g\ . u|fle6L vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLdf kg]{ s]xL d'xfgx¿df h}ljs ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5 / s]xL dfqfdf vfg]kfgLsf] gd"gfdf dWod ;+Vofdf lkmsn sf]lnkm{d, wldnf]kg, Pdf]lgof, cfO/g / Dofª\ulgh h:tf tTjx¿ klg kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;+sng ul/Psf %%& gd"gfdWo] !@* j6f gd"gf e"ldut vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf lyP . e"ldut vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf

jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfksLo 9fFrf / vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/sf] ;'lglZrttf

nflu gd"gf ;+sng ubf{ cfof]hgf If]qleq df}h'bf cj:yfdf /x]sf JolQmut 6o'jj]n, Ogf/ tyf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx¿åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 6\o'jj]n tyf Ogf/x¿sf] gd"gfsf] hfFr ubf{ dWod ;+Vofsf vfg]kfgL gd"gfdf pRr dfqfdf wldnf]kg, Pdf]lgof, cfO/g, Dofª\ulgh / lkmsn sf]lnkm{d cflb tTj kfOPsf] lyof] .

vfg]kfgLsf] u'0f:t/df cg]sf}+ sf/0fn] k|efj kg{ ;S5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;|f]tsf] lsl;d, d'xfg÷;|f]t jl/k/Lsf] cj:yf, h}ljs k|b"if0f cflb . e"ldut vfg]kfgLsf] xsdf 6o'jj]nx¿sf] hfFr ubf{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] gePsf] v08df k'gM 6o'jj]nsf] ulx/fO{ a9fO{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ul/G5 . vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/sf ;d:ofx¿ Go"gLs/0f u/L kfgLnfO{ k|b"if0fd'Qm /fVgsf nflu ljsf; r/0f kZrft\ ljleGg k|fljlws ljsNk / pkfox¿sf] cjnDag ul/G5, o;dWo] kfgL u'0f:t/sf ;d:of Go"gLs/0fsf] of]hgf k|d'v xf] . ljsf; r/0fdf ;Dk"0f{ cfof]hgf If]qsf] vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/sf] hfFr, ;/;kmfO cj:yfsf] cg'udg h:tf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ul/G5 . olb ljsf; r/0fsf] hfFrsf qmddf kfgL b"lift b]lvPdf sd nfutdf ;d'bfo cfkm}n] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] vfg]kfgL z'l4s/0f k|0ffnLsf] l;kmfl/; ul/G5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfx? dWo] dfgjLo :jf:Yosf b[li6n] kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ sd ePsf cfof]hgfx¿df ;+:yfut vfg]kfgL z'l4s/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ul/g]5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df, emfkf lhNnfdf gjf}+ ;d"x cGtu{t lgld{t k|sfz vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] vfg]kfgLdf wldnf]kg, DofËlgh / cfO/gsf] dfqf /fli6«o vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/ dfkb08eGbf a9L ePsfn] To;sf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu vfg]kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt / cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf/L ;+:yf u|fdL0f hgljsf; s]Gb| aLr ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 .

/f]zg s'df/ hf]zL jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg lj1

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$5

n}lËs e]befjn] dlxnf / k'¿if b'j}n] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf ;'ljwfx¿sf] ;dfg pkef]u ug{ kfpg] ;+efjgfnfO{ 36fpF5 . …dlxnfn] o;f] ug{' k5{, o;f] ug{' x'Fb}gÚ jf …k'¿ifx¿n] o;f] u/] x'G5 t/ o;f] gu/] klg x'G5Ú eGg] h:tf dgf]j[lQn] dlxnf / k'?if, b'j}nfO{ g} kfgLsf] kx'Fr, pkof]u / Joj:yfkg ug]{ s'/faf6 jl~rt u/fpF5 . g]kfnsf] u|fdL0f ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿ k'?ifx¿sf] t'ngfdf kfgLsf] hf]xf], Joj:yfkg / k|of]u ug{ a9L ;do latfpg afWo 5g\ -cf};tdf lbgsf] kfFr 306f;Dd_ . u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] bzf+} ;d"xsf] k"j{ ;+efJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgaf6 kfgLsf] ;'ljwf gePsfn] dlxnfx¿n] vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ a9Ldf !@ 306f;Dd latfpg' kl//x]sf] b]lvG5 . dlxnfx¿ ;fdflhs e]befjsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d"xdf kb{5g\ . ljkGg, b'u{d 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ / cj;/af6 jl~rt -blnt jf hghflt ju{_ dlxnfn] t Ps}k6s cg]sf}+ jlxis/0fsf 36gf / ;jfnx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . o;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfx / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf of]ubfg ug{af6 jl~rt ug]{ ;fdflhs jlxis/0fsf] klg ljZn]if0f u/L Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] sfo{qmdsf] k|f/Deb]lv g} kxn ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

oxL tYonfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f (GESI) sf] ;jfnnfO{ ljz]if dxTjsf ;fy vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfx¿df d"nk|jfxLs/0f u/]sf] 5 . ljsf;sf lqmofsnfkx¿af6 k/Dk/fut ¿kdf jlxis/0fdf kb}{ cfPsf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L tyf ljkGgx¿nfO{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf ;'ljwfx¿df ;dtfd"ns kx'Fr k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . o;afx]s vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] th{'df, sfof{Gjog / Joj:yfkgdf ;d]t pgLx¿sf] e"ldsfsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g' kb{5 . cfof]hgfsf b'O{ j6f r/0f (RWSSP I & II) af6 k|fKt l;sfO{ tyf ljutdf ;DkGg ePsf r/0fx¿df nfu" ul/Psf] n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] pknlAwaf6 k|]l/t eO{;g\ @)!$ b]lv z'? ePsf] u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'wf/ cfof]hgfnfO{ cem a9L ;dfj]zL agfpg n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf dd{x¿nfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L nfu" u/]sf] 5 . k"j{ ;+efJotf cWoog tyf bzf}+ ;d"x cGtu{tsf] ljsf; r/0fsf] k|ult k|ltj]bgsf] ljZn]if0fn] n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf ;Gbe{df lgDg pknlAwx¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ M $% j6f lhNnfdf sfo{/t !)^ j6f ;xof]uL ;+:yfåf/f %%& j6f cfof]hgfsf] k"j{ ;+efJotf k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf lyP . bzf}+ ;d"x cGtu{t *( xhf/ ! ;o &* 3/

n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f (GESI): bzf}+ ;d"x cGtu{tsf cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f

kl/jf/sf $ nfv (! xhf/ $ ;o @$ hg;Vof ;d]l6g] nIo lyof], o;dWo] %)=! k|ltzt k'?if / $(=( k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ 5g\ . oLdWo] s/Lj $) k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/x¿ pkNnf] hflt, @( k|ltzt t'ngfTds ¿kdf cj;/af6 jl~rt hghflt, !% k|ltzt blnt, ^ k|ltzt wfld{s cNk;+Vos ;d"x, ^ k|ltzt cGo lk5l8Psf hfthflt / $ k|ltzt t'ngfTds ¿kdf nfeflGjt hghflt /x]sf 5g\ .

oL cfof]hgfx¿ ;a} ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df 5gf]6 ePsf 5g\ / logdf ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjnfO{ k|d'v cfwf/sf ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 . bzf}+ ;d"x cGtu{tsf cfof]hgfx¿ ;DkGg ePkl5 cfof]hgf If]qsf jfl;Gbfx¿sf] slDtdf %) k|ltzt b]lv a9Ldf () k|ltzt;Dd ;do / >dsf] art x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

bzf}+ ;d"x cGtu{t sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rfng x'g] cfof]hgfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿ cGtu{t s'n @ xhf/ % ;o ̂ * sd{rf/Lx¿ lgo'Qm ePsf 5g\ . gjf}+ ;d"xsf] t'ngfdf bzf}+ ;d"xdf $! k|ltzt a9Ln] /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ / o; ;d"xdf lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Lx¿ dWo] #! k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\ . gjf} ;d"xsf] t'ngfdf bzf}+ ;d"xdf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vofdf $ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . To;f] t dlxnfx¿ ;a} kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf 5g\, t/ pgLx¿sf] jfx'No vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO pTk|]/s kbdf b]lvG5 / vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO k|fljlws tyf k|fljlws clws[tdf dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj sd} b]lvG5 . o;}u/L 6Ld nL8/df klg dlxnf k|ltlglwTj lgs} sd cyf{t\ !) k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 . o; tYon] g]kfndf k|fljlws ;Lkdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj sd 5 eGg] cj:yf b]vfpF5 .

hfltut cfwf/df bzf}+ ;d"x cGtu{tsf cfof]hgfsf nfeflGjt 3/w'/Lx¿

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$ 6

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'wf/ cfof]hgf cGtu{t ;+;f]lwt ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿sf] lgwf{l/t dfgj ;|f]t Joj:yfkg cg';f/ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf s'n sd{rf/LdWo] %) k|ltzt :yfg dlxnf, ljkGg / ;fdflhs jlxis/0fdf k/]sfx¿sf nflu ;'lglZrt ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/Psf] 5, o;dWo] slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ clgjfo{ x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . !)^ j6f ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿dWo] clwsf+z -^% k|ltzt_ n] cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx¿ dWo] %) k|ltzt dlxnf, ljkGg / ;fdflhs jlxis/0fdf k/]sf] ;d"xnfO{ ;+nUg u/]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] &@ k|ltzt ;xof]uL ;+:yfn] slDtdf

## k|ltzt dlxnfx¿nfO{ sd{rf/Ldf lgo'Qm u/]sf 5g\ . oBlk, clwsf+z ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿ dfkb08 cg';f/sf eP tfklg dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿ lgo'Qm ug{ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;+:yfdf l6sfO/fVg eg] r'gf}tL g} b]lvG5 .

hfltut cfwf/df bzf}+ ;d"xdf ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx¿

of] t xfn;Dd ;+:yfn] ;DkGg u/]sf lqmofsnfksf] emns dfq xf] . sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf] ;'ljwfaf6 sf]xL klg jl~rt gx'g\ eGg] clek|fon] ;d:t k|of; s]lGb|t u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu sf]if ljsf; ;ldltdf @)&@ d+l;/ * ut] n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f OsfO{sf] :yfkgf ug{'sf ;fy} …n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f dfu{bz{gÚ sf] d:of}bf ;d]t th{'df u/]sf] 5 . o; dfu{bz{gnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg ;dLIff ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .

ljljw ef}uf]lns kl/j]zdf a;f]af; ug]{, km/s km/s cfly{s cj:yf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ hfthflt tyf hftLo ;d"xsf dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿ aLr vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t;fwg Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL lg0f{o, d"No, sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L afF8kmfF8 ug{ cfjZos 5 . o;n] ;do, >d / ;|f]t ;fwgsf] art x'g'sf ;fy} ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / ckgTjdf j[l4 eO{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgdf l;h{gzLntf cfpg'sf ;fy} sd vlr{nf] / lbuf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿sf] vf]hL x'G5 . zf/f+zdf, ha;Dd sfo{qmdn]

k|If]k0f u/] cg'¿k ;a} gful/ssf] vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOdf ;dfg kx'Fr x'Fb}g, ta;Dd ck]Iff ul/Psf] pknlAw xfl;n ug{ s7Lg x'G5 .

bLkf zfSo n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f lj1

dlxgfjf/L lzIffsf] cfjZostf ;DaGwL 5nkmn ;DkGgu|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ljsf; sf]ifsf] cfof]hgfdf ljZj dlxgfjf/L :jR5tf ;Ktfxsf] cj;/df oxL @)&$ h]7 !& ut] …dlxgfjf/L ;DaGwL lzIffn] ;Dk"0f{ kl/jt{g NofpF5Ú (Education about Menstruation Changes Everything) ljifos Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . rlr{t o'jf slj gj/fh k/fh'nLsf] …a|DxfhLsf] /h:jnfÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfaf6 k|f/De ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L cfzLif l3ld/], lzIff dGqfnosf ;x;lrj 8f= xl/ nD;fn, dlxgfjf/L :jR5tf ;DaGwL ljwfsf lj1 tyf cleoGtf >L /fwf kf}8]n, ljifout lj1 8f= c?0ff pk|]tL, /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3sL k|ltlglw >L /df 9sfn / Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex - LGBTI x¿sf nflu sfd ug]{ ;+:yfsf k||ltlglw >L b'uf{ yfkfn] cf–cfk\mgf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

kqsf/ >L hubLz v/]nsf] ;xhLs/0f /x]sf] ;f] 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf jQmfx¿n] dlxgfjf/L :jR5tf ;DaGwL plrt lzIffsf] cefj / o'uf}+b]lv o; ;DaGwdf /x]sf] e|dn] ubf{ lszf]/L Pj+ dlxnfx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] r/d pNnª\3g

eO/x]sf] / pgLx¿sf] k|ultsf] afws ag]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . dlxgfjf/L Ps ;fdfGo zf/Ll/s k|lqmof dfq ePsf] / of] zf/Ll/s ¿kdf s'g} klg dlxnf cfdf aGg ;Ifd agfpg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ nHhf geO{ uf}/jsf ¿kdf lng' kg]{ pxfFx¿sf] wf/0ff lyof] . gLlt lgdf{0f txdf /xg' ePsf jQmfx¿n] dlxgfjf/L ;DaGwL e|dx¿ x6fpgsf nflu ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmddf o; ljifonfO{ /fVg kxn ug]{ / lszf]/L tyf dlxnfx¿sf] cg's'n ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnox¿ agfpg Wofg lbg] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfo{;ldlt ;b:o >L dg bfxfnsf] cWoIftf tyf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L cfzLif l3ld/]sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf cfk\mgf] dGtJo /fVb} sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L e"k]Gb| cof{nn] v'nf lb;fd'Qm cleofg kZrft ca ;du| b]z k"0f{ ;/;kmfOsf] af6f]df cl3 a9\g nfu]sf] a]nfdf dlxgfjf/L lzIffsf] cfjZostf ;DaGwL 5nkmn k|f;lËs / pkof]uL ePsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] cfufdL sfo{qmddf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] dlxgfjf/L :jR5tfsf] ljifonfO{ klg tflndsf] ljifoj:t'df ;d]6\g] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$7

cu'jf ls;fg aGb} dLgf ;f¿b'O{ rf/ jif{ cl3;Dd cfˆgf] hUufdf ul/g] v]tLkftLaf6 jif{sf] ̂ dlxgf klg /fd|/L vfg gk'Ug] dLgf ;f?sf] cfhef]lnsf] jflif{s cfDbfgL @ nfv %) xhf/ ¿k}ofF eGbf a9L x'g] ub{5 . klxn] klxn] Hofnfbf/L sfd u/]/ hLjg u'hf/f ug{ afWo pxfFsf] kl/jf/ cfh ;kmn ls;fgsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . kfNkf lhNnfsf] ;fljssf] e}/j:yfg uflj;sf] ef/sf]6 ufpFsL dLgfsf] hLjgdf of] kl/jt{g Nofpg] Pp6} sf/0f xf] – To; ufpFdf ;~rflnt vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt ;'ljwf / To; cGtu{t ;~rflnt hLljsf sfo{qmdaf6 dLgf / pxfF h:tf c? dlxnfx¿n] kfPsf] hLljsf]kfh{g ;Lk / pTk|]/0ff .

dLgf ;f? ;fljssf] e}/j:yfg uflj;sf] j8f g+ * / ( df u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] u|fdL0f cfly{s ljsf; ;+3 -/]8f_ ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df @)^& ;fndf ;DkGg …uugkfgL vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfÚ sf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsL ;lrj x'g'x'G5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿ dlxnf 5g\ .

æ3/ glhs kfgLsf] ;'ljwf ePkl5 cfwf b'Mv t cfkm}+ x6\of], sf]if ljsf; ;ldltaf6 k|To]s cfof]hgfdf ul7t dlxnf k|fljlws ;xof]u ;]jf ;d"x (WTSS)/hLljsf ;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] !) xhf/ ¿k}ofFaf6 C0f lnO{ t/sf/L v]tL ug{ yfn]kl5 /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'g yfNof], ;Fu;Fu} s'v'/f / aª\u'/ klg kfNg yfNof}+ . ca t 5f]/Ln] /x/ u/] h:t} pgnfO{ gl;{ª k9fpg] cfF6 cfPsf] 5Æ dLgf eGg'x'G5 .

dLgfsf af/Ldf df};d cg';f/sf t/sf/Lx¿ plAhG5g\ . pxfFnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L kmfObf eg] s'v'/f / aª\u'/kfngaf6 eO/x]sf] 5 . z'?sf lbgdf pTkflbt ;fdu|L a]Rg tfg;]g k'Ug' kYof]{ eg] cfhef]ln ufpFd} Jofkf/Lx¿ cfpF5g\ . ufpF3/sf c? w]/} ls;fgn] pTkflbt j:t' Ps} 7fpFaf6 yf]s Jofkf/LnfO{ a]Rg kfpFbf cfkm"x¿n] /fd|f] d"No kfPsf] dLgf atfpg' x'G5 . s'v'/f kfngnfO{ cem lj:tf/ ug]{ pxfFsf] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

hLljsf sfo{qmdaf6 cfˆgf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf pNn]vgLo ;'wf/ Nofpg] dLgf ;f? Ps k|ltlglw kfq x'g'x'G5 . o; ;kmntfn] dLgf h:tf dlxnfx¿sf] hLjgsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs kf6f]df

pNn]vgLo kl/jt{g cfPsf] b]lvG5 . æklxn] klxn] xfd|f] w]/}h;f]

;do kfgL eb}{df laTYof], c? s]xL ;f]Rg] / ug]{ km";{b / hfFu/

x'Fb}gYof] . s;/L cfDbfgL a9fpg] eGg] 1fg lyPg, ufpFdf kfgL

cfPkl5 hLljsf sfo{qmd cfof], :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfOdf Wofg

lbg kfOof] . sfd u¥of] eg] cfk\mg} 7fpFdf klg ljsf; x'g] /x]5

eGg] s'/f a'lemof] . klxn] klxn] t xl/of] ;fu;AhL g} sxfF wLt

d?~h]n vfOPsf] lyof] / < clxn] t dg nfUbf efG;fdf df;'

g} kfSg yfn]sf] 5 . km";b{sf] ;dodf ;':tfpg, dg nfu]sf]

7fpFdf hfg klg kfOPsf] 5æ dLgf eGg'x'G5 .

o;/L :yfgLo dlxnfx¿;Fu gLlxt Ifdtf / ;LknfO{ phfu/

ug]{ af6f] b]vfOlbP dfq klg ;dfh ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 eGg] b[i6fGt dLgfsf] hLjgdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] ;flat ul/lbPsf] 5 .

e/t clwsf/L;~rf/ tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 lj1

cfk\mgf] s/];faf/Ldf dLgf ;f¿

cfDbfgLsf e/kbf{ ;|f]tx¿ M dLgf ;f?n] u/]sf] t/sf/L v]tL, s'v'/f kfng tyf aË'/ kfng

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$ 8

;Gbe{ M c7f/f}+ /fli6«o ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx

‘cfk}+maf6 z'? ub}{’ /fli6«o ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx dgfOof]…v'nf lb;fd'Qm ug'{ 5 @)!& leq, ;Ifd / lhDd]jf/ 5 xfd|f] g]t[TjÚ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy c7f/f}+ /fli6«o ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx tyf ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; oxL @)&$ h]7 @@ b]lv @* ut];Dd ljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfOof] . oxL cj;/df u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no kl/;/df h]7 @* ut]

;ldltsf ;Dk"0f{ txsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;/;kmfOsf] /fli6«o nIo k"/f ug{sf nflu cfk\mgf] If]qaf6 ;d'bfodf ljlzi6 of]ubfg ul//x]sf] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] of]ubfgnfO{ cem ;fy{s / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;j{k|yd cfk"mdf ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL lbuf] afgL Jojxf/ ljsf;sf] cfjZostf dxz'; u/L ;a} sd{rf/L tyf k/fdz{bftfx¿sf] pT;fxhgs ;xeflutfdf sfof{no kl/;/ / sf]7fx¿sf] ;/;kmfO ul/Psf] lyof] .

pQm sfo{qmdkl5 cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf af]Nb} sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L e"k]Gb| cof{nn] ljutdf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx cfof]hgf If]qdf uP/ dgfpg] u/]sf] eP tfklg o;kfnL cfk}+maf6 :jR5tfsf] cleofgaf6 z'? u/]/ ;fy{s ¿kdf sfo{qmd dgfOPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] x]bf{ ;fdfGo nfUg] o; lqmofsnfkn]

sd{rf/Lx¿ aLrdf cfk;L ;xsfo{sf] efjgfdf j[l4 u/]sf] atfpFb} jif{sf] Ps ;Ktfx jf Ps lbg dgfOg] lbj;x¿ cf}krfl/stf dfq geO{ ljifosf] dxTj a'emfpg] x]t'n] dgfOg] x'Fbf c? a]nf klg o:tf lbj;df ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ pRr dxTj lbg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . pQm cj;/df pxfFn] sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf ;Gb]zjfxs, rf}sLbf/ tyf ;/;kmfOdf lbgx'F cfa4 sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j?k ;/;kmfO ;fdu|L pkxf/ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] dfgj ;+;fwg tyf sfo{qmd ljsf; dxfzfvf k|d'v >L 6Lsf clwsf/Ln] sfo{qmdsf] cf}lrTo k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf pk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L ;+ho s'df/ ld>n] o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmdn] JolQmdf st{Jo af]w x'g'sf ;fy} Pstfsf] efjdf j[l4 x'g] atfpg' eof] . ;f] cj;/df ;a} ljefuLo k|d'vx¿n] klg ;/kmfO ;Ktfxsf] dxTj / cfufdL lbgdf xfdLn] rfNg' kg]{ sbdsf af/]df dGtJo JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg lj1 >L /f]zg s'df/ hf]zLn] …ljZjdf b]lvPsf jftfj/0fLo d'2f / To;sf k|efjx¿Ú / ;~rf/ tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 lj1 >L e/t clwsf/Ln] …;/;kmfOsf] nIo, k|ult / r'gf}tLx¿Ú ljifodf k|:t'tLs/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

/fli6«o ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx dgfpg sfof{no k|fË0fdf e]nf ePsf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sd{rf/Lx¿

/fli6«o ;/;kmfO ;Ktfxsf] dxTj dfly k|sfz kfb}{ pklgb]{zs >L ;+ho s'df/ ld>

sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;/;kmfO ;fdu|L k|bfg ub]{ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L e"k]Gb| cof{n

g]kfndf v'nf lb;fd'Qm cj:yfsf] cBfjlws l:ylt

v'nf lb;fd'Qm 3f]lift lhNnf M $!

v'nf lb;fd'Qm 3f]lift ;flassf gu/kflnsf M !#^

v'nf lb;fd'Qm 3f]lift ;flassf uflj; M %%@

v'nf lb;fd'Qm k|b]z M ! -k|b]z g++ $_

;|f]t M /fli6«o ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no-@)&$ c;f/ #!_

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$9

;/;kmfO k|jw{gsf nflu ;/sf/L tyf /fli6«o÷

cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox¿af6 ljut nfdf] ;do

b]lv ljleGg kxn xF'b} cfP tfklg cfwf/e"t ;/;kmfOdf

;a}sf] kx'Fr cem;Dd r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . oL

r'gf}tLx¿ hl6n eP klg ;dfwfg g} ug{ g;lsg]

eg] xf]Ogg\ . tyflk, ljljw hfthflt, 1fgsf] tx /

cfly{s ljljwtfn] ubf{ o:tf r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu

/0fg}lts pkfox¿ vf]Hg' h?/L 5 .

ljutdf c;kmn dflgPsf] cg'bfgd'vL k4ltaf6

kf7 l;Sb} h;/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!& leq /

fi6«nfO{ v'nf lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ nIosf

;fy ;/;kmfO u'?of]hgf @)^* dfkm{t cg'bfgd'vL

sfo{qmdnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf aGb]h u¥of], ;f]xL cg'¿k ;/

sf/L tyf /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox¿

klg ldn]/ :yfgLo txdf /0flglts of]hgf to u/L cfk;L

;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;/;kmfO sfo{ cuf8L a9fpg yfn] .

lg/Gt/ ;dGjo, sfo{k4ltdf Ps¿ktf / ;fd'lxs

pQ/bfloTjsf] efjgfn] ubf{ g]kfnn] ;/;kmfOsf]

If]qdf pNn]vgLo pknlAw xfl;n ul//x]sf] 5 . oL

pknlAwx?nfO{ lbuf] / k|efjsf/L agfpg cGoq ;kmn

7xl/Psf k|of;x¿nfO{ cg's/0f ug'{ TolQs} cfjZos 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df, ljZj a}ssf] lgdGq0ffdf u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL

tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf tkm{af6 a+unfb]zsf

ljleGg ;d'bfox¿df ;/;kmfO ahf/Ls/0f dfkm{t ;/;kmfO

k|jw{gdf xfl;n ePsf] pknlAw cjnf]sg ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt

eof] . ;g\ @)!& ;Dddf b]znfO{ ;/;kmfOo'Qm agfpg] nIo

lnPsf] a+unfb]zdf ;/;kmfOsf] kx'Fr s/Lj (( k|ltzt

k'u]sf] 5 . tyflk, ToxfF ;'/lIft rkL{sf] kx'Fr s/Lj &)

k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 . ct M ToxfFsf s/Lj #) k|ltzt

k/Dk/fut rkL{x¿nfO{ ;'/lIft rkL{df ¿kfGt/0f ub}{ k|of]u

eO/x]sf rkL{x¿sf] :t/f]Ggltsf nflu ;d'bfonfO{ pTk]|l/t ug'{

ckl/xfo{ 5 .

oxL tYonfO{ dWogh/ ub{} ljZj a}sn] a+unfb]zsf ljleGg

;d'bfox¿df ;/;kmfO ahf/Ls/0f dfkm{t k/Dk/fut rkL{x¿nfO{

;'/lIft rkL{df ¿kfGt/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] kfOof] . To;sf nflu

a}sn] ;d'bfosf pkef]Qmfx¿sf] km/s–km/s cfly{s IfdtfnfO{

a+unfb]zsf] ;/;kmfO k|jw{gdf ;/;kmfO ahf/Ls/0fsf] k|efj – Ps cg'ej

dWogh/ u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf rkL{x¿sf] gd"gf ljsf; u/]sf]

/x]5, h;sf] lgdf{0f nfut o; k|sf/ 5 M

!= cf/fd rkL{ M %,*)) 6fsf*@= cf/fd Kn; rkL{ M &,%)) 6fsf*#= ljnf; rkL{ M (,))) 6fsf*

$= ljnf; aS; rkL{ M !@,))) 6fsf*

sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu ljZj a}+sn] k/LIf0f sfo{qmdsf

¿kdf xljuGh lhNnfsf] a;'b]jk'/ ;d'bfoaf6 sfo{qmdsf]

yfngL u/]sf] lyof] . To;sf nflu ;/;kmfO ;fdu|L laqmL

ljt/0f / lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg @) hgf :yfgLo p3dLx¿nfO{

rkL{sf ljleGg ljsNkx¿af/] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] /x]5 .

o;sf ;fy} p3dLx¿nfO{ ljZj a}ssf] kxndf …cfzf n3'ljQ

;+:yfÚ n] ;x'lnot :j¿k !) k|ltzt Aofhb/df C0f pknAw

u/fPsf] /x]5 . o:tf pBdLx¿dWo] hnfnp2Lg gfdsf Ps JolQmn]

ljut ̂ jif{df !) xhf/ ;'/lIft rkL{ lgdf{0f u/]sf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'

eof] . rkL{sf] ljsNksf ;fy} yf]/} /sddf klg rkL{ aGg]

ePkl5 s/Lj kfFr xhf/ k/Dk/fut rkL{x¿ ;'/lIft rkL{df

¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] cg'ej ;'gfpg' x'G5, csf{ pBdL

l;/fh .

rkL{sf] :t/f]Ggltdf :yfgLo pBdLx¿sf] cfsif{0f /

pkef]Qmfx¿sf] Ifdtf cg';f/sf rkL{x¿sf] ljsNksf sf/0f

k/Dk/fut rkL{x¿ wdfwd ;'/lIft rkL{df ¿kfGt/0f xF'b}5g\ .

ljZj a}+ssf] lgdGq0ffdf sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{qmd ljsf; clws[t >L ;+ho b]jsf]6f / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg clws[t

>L k'gd kGtn] oxL @)&$ c;f/ !& b]lv @@ ut];Dd a+unfb]zdf cjnDag ul/Psf] ;/;kmfO k|jw{gsf nflu ;/;kmfO ahf/Ls/0f

cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] cjnf]sg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|:t't n]v >L b]jsf]6fn] pQm cjnf]sgaf6 k|fKt l;sfO{x?nfO{ ;d]6]/

tof/ kfg'{ ePsf] xf] .

;/;kmfO ;fdu|L tyf rkL{sf gd"gfx¿sf] cjnf]sg ub}{ n]vs

*? ! Ö !=@& 6fsf -a+unfb]zsf] d'b|f_

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$ 10

o;af6 a+unfb]z lbuf] ;/;kmfOsf] nIodf ;kmn x'g] b]lvG5 .

g]kfndf klg v'nf lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf ufpFkflnsf

/ gu/kflnsfx¿df ljBdfg k/Dk/fut rkL{nfO{ pko'Qm

k|fljlws 5gf]6 ;lxt ;/;kmfO ahf/Ls/0fsf] dfWodaf6

:t/f]Ggltdf hf]8 lbg' cfjZos b]lvG5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df sf]if ljsf; ;ldltn] ;/;kmfO ahf/Ls/0f

dfkm{t s]xL lhNnfx?df k/LIf0fsf ?kdf ;/;kmfO k|jw{gsf

lqmofsnfkx¿ z'? u/]sf] 5 . ;d'bfosf] dfu / qmo

IfdtfnfO{ Wofg lbb} ;ldltn] d"No;lxt rkL{sf ljleGg

k|fljlws ljsNkx?sf] ;d]t ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} g]kfn

;/sf/n] lglb{i6 u/]cg'?k ca aGg] 3/fo;L / ;+:yfut rkL{x¿df k|of]ud}qL rkL{ lgdf{0fdf ;ldltn] ljz]if hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .

k|of]udf cfO/x]sf k/Dk/fut -sRrL_ rkL{nfO{ ;'/lIft rkL{df ?kfGt/0f ub}{ gofF aGg] rkL{x?sf] lbuf]kgf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] sfo{qmddf Ps?ktfdf NofO{ o;sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbg ;s] dfq a+unfb]zn] e}+m g]kfnn] klg ;/;kmfO u'?of]hgfsf] dd{cg'?k

lbuf] ;/;kmfOsf] nIo xfl;n ug{ ;Dej b]lvG5 . ;+ho b]jsf]6f

sfo{qmd ljsf; clws[t

lj= ;+= @)&@ a}zfv !@ sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk / To;kl5 nfdf] ;do;Dd lg/Gt/ uPsf k/fsDkx?af6 g]kfndf 7"nf] hgwgsf] Iflt eof] . o; ljklQaf6 !) xhf/ eGbf a9L dflg;n] Hofg u'dfP eg] xhf/f}+ dflg;x? 3fOt] eP . ;f]xL e"sDksf sf/0f w]/} ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿ gi6 x'g'sf ;fy} sltko k"jf{wf/x¿df g/fd|f] Iflt k'Ug uof] . oLdWo] vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf ;+/rgfx? klg c5'tf] /xg ;s]gg\ . vf;u/L e"sDkn] ubf{ vfg]kfgLsf d'xfgx? ;'Sg] / kfgL sd ePsfn] e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfx?sf jfl;Gbfx?n] vfg]kfgLsf] ;xh kx'Fraf6 jl~rt x'g' kl//x]sf] 5 .

o; ljgfzsf/L e"sDkaf6 dWo g]kfnsf !$ j6f lhNnf a9L k|efljt eP eg] cGo l5d]sL lhNnfx?df klg Iflt k'Uof], oBlk pQm lhNnfx?sf] IfltnfO{ t'ngfTds ?kdf s]xL sd dflgPsf] 5 . e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofPsf u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltaf6 lgld{t vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx¿sf] klxnf] r/0fdf !$ lhNnfsf] k'gMlgdf{0fsf] qmddf sltko cfof]hgfsf] d'xfg ;'s]sf] / ePsf] d'xfgdf klg kfgLsf] dfqf lgSs} g} 36]sf] kfOof] . h;n] ubf{ @) jif{ l8hfOg cjlw (Design Period) ePsf cfof]hgfx¿ tLg–rf/ aif{d} k|of]udf cfpg g;Sg] ePsf 5g\ .

o;/L d'xfgdf kfgLsf] dfqf 36\g] qmd sfe|] lhNnfdf lgld{t vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx?df klg k|z:t} b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf], sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ljsf; tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f s]Gb| (DECON) sf] ;xhLs/0fdf lj=;+= @)&) ;fndf lgld{t s'jfkfgL xs{k'/ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgf . sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf] $* nfv &* xhf/ ?k}ofF nufgL /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfn] !^! 3/w'/Lsf (%$ hg;+VofnfO{ vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ;d'bfo eGbf dfly ;+efJo 7fpFdf d"n gePsfn] o; cfof]hgfdf ;d'bfo eGbf tn /x]sf] ;|f]taf6 lnˆ6 k|0ffnLaf6 b'O{ txdf kDk u/L 6\ofÍLdf kfgL hDdf u/L @# j6f wf/f dfkm{t ;d'bfodf ljt/0f

ljgfzsf/L e"sDk kl5 plAhPsf] vfg]kfgL ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf nflu ul/Psf k|of;x¿ M Ps rrf{

ul/Psf] 5 . e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofpg' cl3 o; cfof]hgfdf laxfg / a]n'sfsf] lglZrt ;dodf kfgL ljt/0f ug]{ ul/GYof] . pkef]Qmfx?sf cg';f/ Toltv]/ kfgLsf] kl/df0f dfu wfGg] g} lyof] .

of] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg eP nuQ} d'xfgdf k|lt ;]s]08 )=&% nL6/ jxfj (Discharge) ePsf]df e"sDksf] k|efjn] ubf{ xfnsf] jxfj k|lt ;]s]08 )=@% nL6/ dfq /x]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ xfn b'O{ lbgdf Ps rf]6L dfq kfgL ljt/0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . nfeflGjt ;d'bfosf] hg;+Vof a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf kfgLsf] of] kl/df0fn] ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{ ;Sb}g . o; cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] k|ltJolQm k|ltlbg $% nL6/ kfgLsf] pknAwtf gx'g] b]lvof] . d'xfgeGbf dfly kfgLsf]

k|:tfljt d'xfg :yn

kfgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjg, jif{ !, c+s !, c;f/ @)&$11

;|f]t gePsf]n] u|fle6L -cUnf] 7fpFaf6 kfOkaf6 kfgL NofO{ ljt/0f ug]{_ k|0ffnLåf/f clxn]sf] d'xfgdf kfgL ld;fpg ;Sg] cj:yf klg /x]g .

of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ul/Psf] :ynut cjnf]sg kl5 jt{dfg ;|f]tsf] $%) dL6/ 6f9f / s/Lj !!) dL6/ tn /x]sf] Ps vfF]rdf kfgLsf] ;|f]t t e]l6of], t/ ljs6 ef}uf]lns agfj6sf sf/0f pQm vf]Frdf dflg;x¿sf] ;xh cfjthfjt x'g g;Sg] / 3'd]/ dfq hfg ;lsg] ePsfn] To; vfF]rdf kfgL hDdf ug]{ 6\ofÍL (Sump Well) agfpg] / vf]Fr eGbf @) dL6/ dfly ;dtn efudf kDk xfp;, :jLr xfp; /fvL hDdf ul/Psf] kfgL tfgL clxn] ePsf] kfgL hDdf ug]{ 6\ofÍLdf ld;fpg] of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 . h;sf] ;fdfGo n]–cfp6 5]pdf lbOPsf] lrqåf/f k|i6 kfl/Psf] 5 .

;a} ;+/rgfx¿ /fd|f] cj:yfdf ePsf] / lgdf{0f ul/Psf] klg

ev{/ rf/ jif{ dfq ePsf] x'gfn] olb of] ;|f]t clxn]sf] d'xfgdf ld;fpFbf ;a} ;+/rgfx¿ k|of]u x'g] / pkef]Qmfx?n] klxn] h:t} nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . xl/nfn v/]n

jf; Ol~hlgo/

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt lj=;+= @)&@

j}zfv !@ ut]sf] dxfe"sDk / To;kl5sf k/fsDkx?af6

Ifltu|:t ePsf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx?sf] k'gM:yfkgf /

k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{df h'6]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f 3f]lift e"sDk

clt k|efljt !$ j6f lhNnfdf lgld{t $$ k|ltzt vfg]kfgL

cfof]hgfx? e"sDkaf6 Hofb} g/fd|/L k|efljt ePsf lyP .

oL lhNnfx?df sf]if ljsf; ;ldltåf/f lj=;+= @)%@ kl5

RWSSP I & II cGtu{t lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf (@! j6f

vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx? dWo] cfwf/e"t ;j]{If0fsf] tYofÍ cg';f/

*#& cfof]hgfx? e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf lyP, h;dWo] @@@

j6f cfof]hgfx? k"0f{ ?kdf Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP eg] ^!% j6f

cfof]hgfx?df cf+lzs Iflt k'u]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

k'gM:yfkgf / k'gMlgdf{0fsf nflu sf]if ljsf; ;ldltåf/f @$

j6f ;xof]uL ;+:yfx? 5gf]6 ul/Psf] 5 . oL ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?n]

klxnf] r/0f cGtu{t $^* j6f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

cfof]hgfsf] k'gM:yfkgf / k'gMlgdf{0fsf sfo{ ug]{5g\ .

pQm vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx? dWo] xfn #^! j6f cfof]hgfx?

lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf 5g\ . @) j6f cfof]hgfx?df e"sDksf

sf/0fn] kfgLsf] ;|f]t ;'s]sfn] l8hfOg kl/jt{g u/L lnˆ6

ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ c;f/

d;fGt;Dddf $^* cfof]hgfdWo] @(% j6f cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f

r/0fsf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5, h;dWo] %( j6f cfof]hgfsf] k'g?Tyfg

cl3 a9\b} k'gM:yfkgf / k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{qmd

e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t d'xfg If]qdf ;+/If0fsf nflu Uoflaog jfn lgdf{0f ul/+b}

;DkGg eO{ s/Lj $! xhf/ hgtf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . afFsL

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