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NeNeNeNeNewsletter of the Interwsletter of the Interwsletter of the Interwsletter of the Interwsletter of the International national national national national TTTTTrrrrraining Centraining Centraining Centraining Centraining Centreeeee
Peruvian poison dart frogsPeruvian poison dart frogsPeruvian poison dart frogsPeruvian poison dart frogsPeruvian poison dart frogs
Rescuing a snow leopardRescuing a snow leopardRescuing a snow leopardRescuing a snow leopardRescuing a snow leopard
ConserConserConserConserConservvvvvation of Indian amphibiansation of Indian amphibiansation of Indian amphibiansation of Indian amphibiansation of Indian amphibians
Ecotourism in the SunderbanEcotourism in the SunderbanEcotourism in the SunderbanEcotourism in the SunderbanEcotourism in the Sunderban
Breeding hoolock gibbonsBreeding hoolock gibbonsBreeding hoolock gibbonsBreeding hoolock gibbonsBreeding hoolock gibbons
Developing the graduate networkDeveloping the graduate networkDeveloping the graduate networkDeveloping the graduate networkDeveloping the graduate network
Memories of DurrellMemories of DurrellMemories of DurrellMemories of DurrellMemories of Durrell
Durrell at 50Durrell at 50Durrell at 50Durrell at 50Durrell at 50
In this issue:In this issue:In this issue:In this issue:In this issue:
TTTTTacacacacackling humkling humkling humkling humkling human-elephant confan-elephant confan-elephant confan-elephant confan-elephant conflict in Srlict in Srlict in Srlict in Srlict in Sri Lankai Lankai Lankai Lankai Lanka
solitairesolitairesolitairesolitairesolitaireIssue 20 (2009)Issue 20 (2009)Issue 20 (2009)Issue 20 (2009)Issue 20 (2009)
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A year of celebrations!A year of celebrations!A year of celebrations!A year of celebrations!A year of celebrations!
The fThe fThe fThe fThe fiririririrst fst fst fst fst feeeeew trw trw trw trw traineesaineesaineesaineesainees were housed offthe site, but the Trust soon bought theneighbouring property of Les Noyers,Initially just a residence, over the nextfew years the buildings weretransformed into a teaching centreand in 1984 the International TrainingCentre was formally opened.
Gerald Durrell opened his zooGerald Durrell opened his zooGerald Durrell opened his zooGerald Durrell opened his zooGerald Durrell opened his zoo inJersey in 1959. Our 50th anniversaryyear was filled with celebrations, froman open day that attracted over14,000 people, to a concert that sawthe premiere of the Durrell suite byDerek Lawrence, celebrating some ofthe species Durrell has worked with.
As we reach the end of the year, a newexhibit has just opened in the WalledGarden. It will be home to a variety ofMadagascar’s wildlife, and especiallyspecies from the island’s dry forests.
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Former director Jeremy Mallinson buries a timecapsule in the new Kirindy Forest exhibit to mark50 years of saving species from extinction.
The Trust welcomed its first traineeThe Trust welcomed its first traineeThe Trust welcomed its first traineeThe Trust welcomed its first traineeThe Trust welcomed its first trainee in1979, finally breathing life into GeraldDurrell’s dream of a ‘mini-university’ thatwould help transfer all the knowledgeand skills that the Trust’s staff werebuilding up to those on the front line ofconservation. More than 1800conservation professionals have nowattended ITC courses both in Jerseyand overseas, and we are continuingto expand the topics we offer as well asfind new ways to support graduatesonce they return home.
Durrell staff and Primate Conservation Husbandrycourse participants relaxing at Les Noyers.
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Education joins the ITC!Education joins the ITC!Education joins the ITC!Education joins the ITC!Education joins the ITC!
There have always beenThere have always beenThere have always beenThere have always beenThere have always beenoverlapping areasoverlapping areasoverlapping areasoverlapping areasoverlapping areas between trainingand education (or Visitor Services andEducation to use its full title) at Durrell,and last autumn the Trust’s seniormanagement team took theopportunity to review how the twodepartments operated and decided tosplit Visitor Services and Education intoits two constituent parts. Visitor Servicestook on responsibility for the animal talksprogramme on site and other visitor-related activities, while the educationstaff joined the training centre tocreate one department capable ofteaching anyone from 3 to 103!
Jo Jo Jo Jo Jo WWWWWarararararddddd, theConservationEducationManager, hasbeen working atDurrell since 1999.She has a diplomain childdevelopment and
a masters degree in education. Jo isresponsible for the schools programmeat Durrell and also organises activitiesfor the Dodo Club, Durrell’s club forjunior members.
Conservation Education Officer NaomiNaomiNaomiNaomiNaomiWWWWWebsterebsterebsterebsterebster attended the ITC’s summerschool in 2004, and then volunteeredwith Durrell’s education departmentbefore being offered a job. Naomi’sresponsibilities include teaching school
The move has allowed the training andeducation staff to work more closelytogether and give each other advice,support and assistance. It is also anexciting opportunity to review theeducation activities offered now anddevelop new ideas for the future.
One such activity is the brand newConservation Science School, a three-day course for 15-18 year olds, whichran for the first time this summer. Thecourse was thoroughly enjoyed by allthe participants and we hope to runthe course twice in 2010, in Februaryand August.
Meet the new staff...Meet the new staff...Meet the new staff...Meet the new staff...Meet the new staff...
groups, running workshops, writing andproducing newsletters for Dodo Clubmembers and working on the signageand interpretation in the grounds. She iscurrently writing and directing her thirdDurrell pantomime!
Naomi takes a bow at a performance of the firstDurrell pantomime, ‘A Parrot’s Tale’.
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The ITC grew in 2009 as it took on the teaching activities of the former EducationDepartment. Conservation Education Officer Naomi Naomi Naomi Naomi Naomi WWWWWebster ebster ebster ebster ebster describes howthe two teams have been integrated into one.
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Jamie CopseyJamie CopseyJamie CopseyJamie CopseyJamie Copsey first worked at the ITCas Programme Development Managerand has been Head of the departmentsince 2008. He has conservation fieldwork experience in Mauritius,Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Trinidad andMadagascar and recently obtained amasters degree in anthropology. He hasworked in biodiversity conservation formore than 15 years and is a qualifiedteacher, trainer and facilitator.
Dr Jill KDr Jill KDr Jill KDr Jill KDr Jill Keeeeeyyyyy, our Trainingand NetworkDevelopmentManager, joined theITC at the end of 2008.As well as developingand delivering ITCcourses, Jill isresponsible forcoordinating the
Durrell Conservation Learning Network(DCLN). She is a specialist in invasivespecies ecology and has worked inmany places around the world.
... and a reminder of the rest of us!... and a reminder of the rest of us!... and a reminder of the rest of us!... and a reminder of the rest of us!... and a reminder of the rest of us!
Catherine BurrowsCatherine BurrowsCatherine BurrowsCatherine BurrowsCatherine Burrows hasbeen the ITC’sCoordinator since 2006.Catherine is responsiblefor the advertising,administration andlogistics of the trainingprogramme and the ITC’s
facilties, and organises Durrell’s workexperience programme. Catherine hasa degree in English and history. Shespent three years teaching English inJapan and is a keen traveller.
As the ITC’s HostelManager, JoshuaJoshuaJoshuaJoshuaJoshuaKogiKogiKogiKogiKogi runs Les Noyers,creating a home fromhome for our courseparticipants andensuring their stay is ascomfortable aspossible. Originally from Kenya, Josh haslived in Jersey for seven years and hasalways worked in the catering industry.
Dr Eluned PriceDr Eluned PriceDr Eluned PriceDr Eluned PriceDr Eluned Price is theITC’s ResearchResource Coordinator.She runs the library,produces Solitaire, andhelps Jill with the DCLN.After a PhD on tamarinsand field work on
primates in Brazil, Eluned worked forDurrell as a researcher and mammalkeeper before joining the ITC. She alsowrites the Trust newsletter On The Edge.
The ITC’The ITC’The ITC’The ITC’The ITC’s stafs stafs stafs stafs staffffff has undergone several changes over the past few years andmany of you won’t have met all of the current team. 2009 has been a busy yearfor us, with new courses being added to our roster and more in development fornext year. So here’s an introduction to us all.
Jamie (centre) as we rarely see him - in a starringrole in Durrell pantomime ‘A Parrot’s Tale’.
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Invasive Species Management Invasive Species Management Invasive Species Management Invasive Species Management Invasive Species Management Thisia a five-day course teaching the toolsrequired to plan effectivemanagement of invasive plants,vertebrates and invertebrates in bothterrestrial and aquatic ecosystemsaround the world, and the planning andimplementation of cost-effectiveinvasive species managementstrategies.
Primate Conservation HusbandryPrimate Conservation HusbandryPrimate Conservation HusbandryPrimate Conservation HusbandryPrimate Conservation Husbandry Aweek-long course on the skillsnecessary to successfully manageprimates, particularly callitrichids andlemurs, in captivity, and how thesetechniques can support in-countryconservation programmes. Durrell hasdecades of experience in the captivemanagement and in-situ conservationof these species and this course is atremendous opportunity to pass ouraccumulated knowledge on.
An Introduction to GIS forAn Introduction to GIS forAn Introduction to GIS forAn Introduction to GIS forAn Introduction to GIS forConservation Conservation Conservation Conservation Conservation A five-day coursedesigned to provide participants withan understanding of GeographicInformation Systems and how they cansupport conservation action.
Integrated Pest Management forIntegrated Pest Management forIntegrated Pest Management forIntegrated Pest Management forIntegrated Pest Management forWildlife Parks Wildlife Parks Wildlife Parks Wildlife Parks Wildlife Parks A three-day course onpractical, cost-effective solutions tocommon pest control problems in zoosand wildlife parks.
Reptile Reptile Reptile Reptile Reptile VVVVVeteretereteretereterinarinarinarinarinary Cary Cary Cary Cary Care and Healthe and Healthe and Healthe and Healthe and HealthManagement Management Management Management Management A two-day course that
will address the broad range ofdiseases suffered by reptiles, theirsymptoms and practical methods oftreatment.
Captive Breeding and ConservationCaptive Breeding and ConservationCaptive Breeding and ConservationCaptive Breeding and ConservationCaptive Breeding and ConservationHusbandry of Birds Husbandry of Birds Husbandry of Birds Husbandry of Birds Husbandry of Birds A five-day courseto help participants develop their skills inpractical bird husbandry and theirunderstanding of how such work canhelp in-situ conservation.
For details of any of these courses,For details of any of these courses,For details of any of these courses,For details of any of these courses,For details of any of these courses,please contact the ITC.please contact the ITC.please contact the ITC.please contact the ITC.please contact the [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]
New courses for 2009New courses for 2009New courses for 2009New courses for 2009New courses for 2009
And coming up in 2010...And coming up in 2010...And coming up in 2010...And coming up in 2010...And coming up in 2010...
Getting stuck into enclosure design forcallitrichids and lemurs!
Participants on the first Invasive SpeciesManagement course.
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Udawalawa National ParkUdawalawa National ParkUdawalawa National ParkUdawalawa National ParkUdawalawa National Park (UNP) insouthern Sri Lanka supports asubstantial population of the globallyendangered Asian elephant (Elephasmaximus). More than 600 elephants areattracted to this protected area of80,821 hectares by the reservoir insideand the availability of grasslands; thepark supplies food and water toanimals throughout the year.
UNP’s boundary is demarcated by anelectric fence, but this is not continuousat sections along the northern andeastern borders. These gaps aremaintained as corridors connecting thepark to other protected areas includingsanctuaries. Free movement ofelephants is seen along the corridorsand in the sanctuaries, which alsocontain human settlements. During suchmovements loner elephants usuallycome into conflict with nearby villages,particularly in the dryseason. Cereals,vegetables, banana andpaddy are the primarycrops in the area.
Rathambalagama, aremote village at thenortheastern border of the park, hasbeen affected by the elephants formany years. No farmland has escapedfrom pachyderm crop raiders!
Friendly relationsFriendly relationsFriendly relationsFriendly relationsFriendly relations Although severalother mitigatory measures are being
practised around the UNP to addresshuman–elephant conflict, with the BornFree Foundation (BF), UK, we took adifferent approach.
Rathambalagama’s villagers live inharmony with wild elephants despite a
lot of crop andproperty damage. It isnot uncommon to seevillagers stop at awater hole to watchelephants bathingunder the hot sun,even when hurrying
about their daily activities. Weunderstood and appreciated thisfriendly interface. With the aim ofcompensating the farmers for their loss,BF suggested a community project tohelp the village school with its basicneeds. The expected long-termoutcome is to help save the elephants,along with the other wildlife andbiodiversity in the area.
PrPrPrPrPrioriorioriorioritising needsitising needsitising needsitising needsitising needs We first evaluatedthe facilities most needed byRathambalagama School, which hasabout 270 children. Requirements wereprioritised with the help of the principal
Help a community – help elephants!Help a community – help elephants!Help a community – help elephants!Help a community – help elephants!Help a community – help elephants!A story from Sri LankaA story from Sri LankaA story from Sri LankaA story from Sri LankaA story from Sri Lanka
Working bull at Pinnawala elephant orphanage.
‘The children knowthey have benefitedand learn to appreciateand conserve wildlife.’
A bull cooling himself in northern Udawalala.
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and staff members. Clean drinkingwater and an electricity supply wereidentified as urgent needs. The parentsput a lot of hard work into constructionand the project cost about £4800. Thesecond phase will be supplying readingtables and chairs for the school library.
Wild elephants still visit the schoolpremises and damage the crops
students grow for their practical lessons.We are thinking at the moment how tocontrol these visits. However, the schoolchildren don’t regard this as an offenceby the animals; they know they havebenefited at the school in some otherway, and learn that appreciating andhelping to conserve wildlife is nevergoing to be a loss in their lives.
BF wishes to extend this project in thecoming years. There are more schoolsin need in this area, where thecommunity is always affected byhuman-elephant conflict. A long-termproject has been proposed to help thecommunity, and we believe helping thecommunity invariably helps theelephants!
Deepani Jayantha Deepani Jayantha Deepani Jayantha Deepani Jayantha Deepani Jayantha graduatedfrom ITC in 2007 and alsoattended the 2009 AmphibianConservation Husbandry course inSri Lanka. She has worked on thebehavioural rehabilitation ofjuvenile elephants as well as onsand dune restoration followingthe 2004 tsunami.
E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail: [email protected]
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Elephant damage in paddy fields.
Left: Kids used a tube well for water. Right: Now clean water is drawn from the reconstructed schoolwell, stored and easily distributed.
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The Marañón poison dart frog:The Marañón poison dart frog:The Marañón poison dart frog:The Marañón poison dart frog:The Marañón poison dart frog:concerns and opportunitiesconcerns and opportunitiesconcerns and opportunitiesconcerns and opportunitiesconcerns and opportunitiesThe Marañón poison dart frogThe Marañón poison dart frogThe Marañón poison dart frogThe Marañón poison dart frogThe Marañón poison dart frog(Excidobates mysteriosus) is endemic tothe upper Marañón river basin, nearCordillera del Cóndor in the north-eastern Peruvian Andes. OriginallyDendrobates mysteriosus (Myers, 1982),it has recently been reclassified(Twomey and Brown, 2008).
The frog is categorised by the IUCN asEndangered, because it is threatenedby habitat loss and fragmentation andthe illegal collection of individuals forexport to countries such as the USAand Germany. Conservation action istherefore needed.
Field work Field work Field work Field work Field work A grantsponsored byConservationInternational (CI) andthe Asociación Peruanapara la Conservaciónde la Naturaleza(APECO), ‘Programa Iniciativa deEspecies Amenazadas BecasKoepcke’, has enabled us to study thespecies in its natural habitat, update itspopulation status and distributionpatterns and investigate any infectiousdiseases that might be present. Theresearch team consists of Sibylle Duran,
a Brazilian veterinarian, Peruvianbiologist Germán Chávez, and myself.
The first step was tocontact people in thetype locality, Santa Rosade la Yunga, in Jaénprovince, department ofCajamarca. During our firstfield trip in May 2009,helped by Germanherpetologist Claudia
Koch, we contacted Mr Napoleón,manager of the Asociación deConservación y Ecodesarrollo Rural(ACONDECOR), who keeps watch overa little conservation area known as ElTupire, where there are several patchesof E. mysteriosus habitat. This species isclosely associated with bromeliads ofthe genus Aechnea, which live mainly inprecipices and rocky areas, and also insome trees. We also evaluated otherareas, such as Cerro Casapita and LaYunga, where the first individuals wererecorded by Rainer Schulte in the 1980s(Schulte, 1990).
We observed that in most areas(except El Tupire), the principal threat toE. mysteriosus is deforestation. The localpeople are destroying the mountainswhere Aechnea plants live, in order tocultivate coffee, oranges and other
The beautiful Marañón poison dart frog fromPeru.
The frog in its typical habitat, bromeliads.
‘Mr Napoleónkeeps watch over alittle conservationarea known as ElTupire.’
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fruits, and for cattle ranching. MrNapoleón’s labours could bereinforced by the creation of moreconservation areas, or otherconservation initiatives in the locality, tomaintain the habitat of the species.
GeogrGeogrGeogrGeogrGeograaaaaphic vphic vphic vphic vphic vararararariation?iation?iation?iation?iation? We foundmore than forty individuals, but althoughthis number seems quite high, it is verydependent on habitat conservation.We also observed some colourvariation in individuals from differentlocalities, expressed in the darkbackground pattern of somepopulations. Molecular studies couldhelp elucidate this.
To assess health status, we collectedseveral skin swabs from the ventralzone of the frogs. Seventeen sampleswere subjected to bacteriologicalisolation in the Laboratory of VeterinaryBacteriology, Universidad NacionalMayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) in Lima,Peru. One sample was positive forAeromonas sp., a bacteria that causesan important disease called ‘red leg’.
For chytridiomycosis PCR analysis, 21samples will be sent to the VeterinaryDiagnostic and InvestigationalLaboratory at the University of Georgia,USA. In a previous study, Twomey andBrown (2008) found no evidence ofBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis, thefungal agent of chytrid disease, in eightsamples. We believe that the species’habit of using bromeliads could beprotecting it from chytrid, but moredata are needed.
The Marañón poison frog is a flagshipspecies that deserves urgentconservation action to maintain wildpopulations. In order to do this, moreresearch is needed, as well as a strongprogramme of environmentaleducation with the local people.
ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesSchulte, R. (1990). Redescubrimiento yredefinición de Dendrobates mysteriosus(Myers, 1982) de la Cordillera del Cóndor.Boletín de Lima 70: 57–68.Twomey, E. & Brown, J.L. (2008). Spottedpoison frogs: rediscovery of a lost speciesand a new genus (Anura:Dendrobatidae) from northwestern Peru.Herpetologica 64: 121–137.
Marco A. Enciso Marco A. Enciso Marco A. Enciso Marco A. Enciso Marco A. Enciso attended the 2009 Amphibian Biodiversity andConservation course in Bolivia. He is a Peruvian veterinarian witha Masters degree in ecology and conservation and interests inamphibian ecology and disease. He is currently an associateresearcher of the Division of Herpetology of the Centro deOrnitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), in Lima, Peru.
E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]
The species is endemic to the Peruvian Andes.
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Rescuing a female snow leopardRescuing a female snow leopardRescuing a female snow leopardRescuing a female snow leopardRescuing a female snow leopardOn 28 November 2008On 28 November 2008On 28 November 2008On 28 November 2008On 28 November 2008 local residentsof Nimo – a village of about 150households situated on the banks of theIndus river, about 35 kilometres from thetown of Leh – informed the wildlifeauthorities that a snow leopard hadbarged into a sheep barn during thenight and killed 22 of the 29 sheep inthe flock, and was still there.
Immediately, a team of wildlife officerswas dispatched to rescue the trappedanimal. Since I was about 600 km away,the Wildlife Warden concerned, Mr TahirShawl, contacted me for advice ontranquillising equipment and drugs andremained in contact tillthis precious animal wassuccessfully captured.
The weight of the snowleopard was estimatedto be around 35 kg. Thetranquillising agent usedwas Hellabrunn mixturecontaining xylazine at 1mg/kg body weight andketamine Hcl at 7mg/kgbody weight, and was administeredusing a blowpipe from a distance of 15metres.
On physical examination, the capturedsnow leopard was found to be a
female aged about three or four years.She had two large open septic wounds,
one on the lateralaspect of the thighmeasuring 3 x 4inches, and other onthe dorsal aspect ofthe lumbar regionmeasuring 10 x 12inches and involvingsuperficial muscles.The animal wastransportedstraightaway to Leh
Wildlife Office for immediate treatmentand two local veterinarians were calledin to assist.
Line of treatment Line of treatment Line of treatment Line of treatment Line of treatment The hairs aroundboth the wounds were trimmed and thewounds were irrigated with povidoneiodine. This was followed by a thoroughapplication of antiseptic cream. Thewounds were left open and a long-acting antibiotic (ciprofloxacin at15mg/kg body weight) was givenintramuscularly. Finally, the animal wasmoved into a cage with properbedding in a warm dark room.The snow leopard regainedconsciousness three hours after it wassedated. She was transferred to a largecage next morning and food andwater were offered, to which she
The snow leopard was sedated before beingremoved and treated.
The wounds were cleaned and disinfected.
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‘Given our knowledgeof the behaviouralbiology of thisspecies, the chancesof a fight withanother snow leopardare remote.’
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responded positively. Somesupplementary medicines, includingTopicure wound spray, and a completediet chart were prescribed for therecuperating animal.
Attacked by dogs?Attacked by dogs?Attacked by dogs?Attacked by dogs?Attacked by dogs? Although thewildlife warden reported a suspectedfight between this animal and anothersnow leopard, given our knowledge ofthe behavioural biology of this species,the chances of such a fight are veryremote. Looking at the nature ofwounds inflicted on the animal, it ismuch more likely that this female snowleopard might previously have comeacross some Zanskari nomads’ dogs,which are famous for protecting theirflocks from wild predators. As it couldnot then hunt its natural preyin the wild, the snow leopard may havetaken the chance to catch some easyprey, leading it to enter the sheep barn.
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The snow leopard regained consciousness andwas transferred to a large cage to recover.
Dr Mir M.Dr Mir M.Dr Mir M.Dr Mir M.Dr Mir M. Mansoor Mansoor Mansoor Mansoor Mansoor is Chief Wildlife Biologist and Vet in Jammu and Kashmir StateWildlife Protection Department. He graduated from ITC in 1997.
E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail: [email protected]
Congratulations to Brij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor Gupta([email protected]), who wasmade a Fellow of the NationalAcademy of Biological Sciences (NABS)for 2008 at Chennai, India on 30th July,2009, in recognition of his contributionto ex situ conservation of wildlife.
And to RachmRachmRachmRachmRachmad ad ad ad ad WWWWWahahahahahyudiyudiyudiyudiyudi([email protected])of the Sumatran OrangutanConservation Programme (SOCP), whoachieved his first goal after returninghome from Jersey of getting married,and has now followed it up with thebirth of his daughter, Fauzanera KullaAzmina.
And finally, FFFFFererererernando Limnando Limnando Limnando Limnando Limaaaaa([email protected]) defended hismaster’s dissertation “Estimativas deabundância e densidade populacionalda jaguatirica através de modelos demarcação–recaptura: estudo de casonos remanescentes florestais do Pontaldo Paranapanema, São Paulo” (Ocelotdensity and abundance throughcapture–recapture models: case studyin Pontal do Paranapanema forestfragments) in June. His work will be veryuseful in developing methods forestimating the size of small populationsisolated in forest fragments.
Many congratulations!Many congratulations!Many congratulations!Many congratulations!Many congratulations!
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ConservConservConservConservConservation ation ation ation ation Action Plans forAction Plans forAction Plans forAction Plans forAction Plans forIndia’India’India’India’India’s amphibianss amphibianss amphibianss amphibianss amphibiansIn January 2009,In January 2009,In January 2009,In January 2009,In January 2009, the Central ZooAuthority (Ministry of Environment &Forests, Government of India)organised a two-day workshop inMysore to develop an in-situ and ex-situConservation Action Plan foramphibians. The workshop wasattended by more than 35 amphibianexperts, including zoo biologists,university scientists and field biologists.
TTTTTararararargeting species geting species geting species geting species geting species With the help of theworkshop participants, an expert groupevaluated a list of 151 speciesobtained from the CAMP/GAAassessments for India. The major criteriaused were ‘clarity in taxonomy’ and‘declining in native habitat’, and thegroup finalised two lists:one of 11 amphibianspecies that will help ininitiating conservationbreeding, acquiring skillsand establishinginfrastructure in India,and the other of 16amphibian species thatwill be long-term targetsfor ex-situ conservationbreeding. Coverage of different parts
of the country was also taken intoaccount.
Zoos in different regions will be able toparticipate in ex-situ conservationbreeding, which should greatly help the
development of avibrant conservationprogramme for India’samphibians.
The workshop alsoidentified the need for anationwide inventory ofamphibians andassigned responsibility forthis to the Wildlife
Institute of India, Dehradun, nationaluniversities and other agenciesinvolved in herpetological studies.
Protected area managementProtected area managementProtected area managementProtected area managementProtected area management Arecommendation was made that theMinistry of Environment & Forests andState Forest Departments should putout a general prescription for wildlifemanagement in Protected Areas (PAs)that are located in high rainfall areas tocarefully regulate the creation of newcheck dams and gully checks, with theaim of preventing soil erosion, whichcompromises crucial amphibianhabitat. Development projects such asdams in and around PAs should also be
An unidentified species of frog from the WesternGhats.
A panel discussion underway at the workshop.
‘This should helpdevelop a vibrantconservationprogramme forIndia’s amphibians.’
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The 16 target species identified for planned conservation breeding programmes,and the 11 species selected for each zoo to start to exhibit and standardiseprotocols. (All = all India; Pen = Peninsular; WG = Western Ghats; NE = northeastern;AN = Andaman & Nicobar Islands; H = Himalayas.)
examined by experts for impacts onamphibian breeding habitats.
Options also need to be explored forcreating new conventional PAs,conservation reserves and communityreserves dedicated to amphibianspecies in different parts of the country.Wildlife biologists should be attached tothese areas to produce speciesinventories, monitor amphibianpopulations, enumerate impacts onamphibian populations and demarcatecrucial breeding habitats foramphibians. The workshop alsosuggested revising the Indian Wild Life(Protection) Act, 1972 to include morespecies.
Finally, all concerned – government andstate departments, the CZA and zoooperators – need to take steps tosensitise policy makers, managers, zoostaff and visitors about the problemsfacing amphibians and the steps weneed to take to address them.
ZooZooZooZooZoo Practice speciesPractice speciesPractice speciesPractice speciesPractice species TTTTTarararararget speciesget speciesget speciesget speciesget species
Arignar Anna Eyphylctis cyanophylctis (All) NasikabatrachusZoological Park, Hoplobatrachus crassus (All) sahyaderensis (WG)Vandalur, Chennai Hoplobarachus tigrinus (All) Melanobatrachus indicus (WG)(Tamil Nadu) Tylotoritan verrucosus (WG)
Fejervavya murthi (WG)Indirana phrynodima (WG)I. gundia
Nandankanan Eyphylctis hexadactyla (All) Micrxalus kotigehavernsis (WG)Zoological Park, Indirana charls darwini (AN)Bhubaneshwar Philatus chalazodos (WG)(Orissa)
Madras Crocodile Bufo melanostictus (All) Philatus ponmudi (WG)Bank Trust, Bufo stomaticus (Pen) P. shillongenesis (NE)Mamallapuram Rhacopharous(Tamil Nadu) pseudomalabaricus (WG)
Chennai Snake Uperodon systoma (All) Pedostibus kempii (NE)Park, Chennai Fajlrarya spp. (H) Scntiger occidentalis (H)(Tamil Nadu) Bufo himalayanas Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (All)
Rajiv Gandhi Microhyla rubra Rana hexadactyla (Pen)Zoological Park, Microhyla ornataPune (Maharashtra)
Brij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor GuptaBrij Kishor Gupta worksfor India’s Central ZooAuthority and is closelyinvolved in developingamphibianconservation plans in
the country.
E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail: [email protected]
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Ecotourism in the Sunderban deltaEcotourism in the Sunderban deltaEcotourism in the Sunderban deltaEcotourism in the Sunderban deltaEcotourism in the Sunderban delta
Spotted deer (Cervus axis) grazing in SunderbanReserve Forest.
The Sunderban deltaThe Sunderban deltaThe Sunderban deltaThe Sunderban deltaThe Sunderban delta is a unique10,000 square kilometre forest and saltwater swamp forming the lower part ofthe Ganges delta. This natural resourceis shared by both Bangladesh and India.Sunderban, the Indian portion, is 6–9metres above sea level. This tidalestuary covers an area of over 4000km2, about 2300 km2 of which ismangrove forest. The area wasdeclared a national park in 1984.
Biodiversity Biodiversity Biodiversity Biodiversity Biodiversity UNESCO declared theSunderban a Global Biosphere Reservein 2001 because of its richbiodiversity. It is the largestcontiguous mangroveforest, with 334 plantspecies. The Sunderban isalso host to a large numberof animals within its forestand marine habitats, and isthe last stronghold of theRoyal Bengal tiger.
Ecotourism: benefits Ecotourism: benefits Ecotourism: benefits Ecotourism: benefits Ecotourism: benefits Sunderbanbecame a World Heritage site in 1987and thus an attraction for bothdomestic and international tourists, with763 million tourist arrivals in 2004. In 2020it is estimated that there will be 1.6billion. Domestic tourism has risen fasterthan international tourism and thebenefits have been multidimensional.
Watching an animal in its natural habitatis an exciting experience that serves as
a strong motivation for conservationamong tourists. Thoseemployed in tourism alsohave an interest in helpingto conserve animals andtheir habitats.
Tourism can provide fundsfor conservation throughentrance and permit fees
and generates employment for thepeople around Sunderban who provideservices and accommodation totourists. It also promotes improvementin other sectors of the local economythrough demand for products andservices from the tourism sector andprovides a means of earning foreigncurrency.
AdvAdvAdvAdvAdverererererse efse efse efse efse effffffectsectsectsectsects Although beneficialso far, ecotourism now constitutes agrowing threat to conservation ofbiodiversity in the Sunderban, bothdirectly and indirectly. Animals that aresubjected to disturbance will spend lesstime feeding and resting and moreenergy on trying to move away fromthe source. Disturbances are mostlycaused by the tourists themselves, theirvehicles, motorboats etc. Evidence ofthis type of behavioural change isevident in almost all species, especiallytigers, monkeys and birds. Recentstudies have also revealed that animals
Tourist launch in Sunderban Reserve Forest.
‘Althoughbeneficial so far,ecotourism nowconstitutes agrowing threat tobiodiversity.’
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Subhransu PanSubhransu PanSubhransu PanSubhransu PanSubhransu Pan graduated from ITC in 1999, and is now working as Professor ofAnimal Production and Management and Wildlife Management at West BengalUniversity of Animal and Fishery Sciences, India. Co-author Siddhartha ShankarSiddhartha ShankarSiddhartha ShankarSiddhartha ShankarSiddhartha ShankarLayekLayekLayekLayekLayek is a postgraduate student in veterinary science and a conservationenthusiast.
E-mE-mE-mE-mE-mail: ail: ail: ail: ail: [email protected]
are subject to changes in physiologicalparameters, for example in stresshormone levels, food intake, sleep andmetabolism. Disturbance is mostprominent during breeding periods andjuvenile stages, leading to overallbreeding failure, a serious threat topopulation maintenance and survival.
Ecotourism is also resulting in habitatdestruction of the Sunderban. Damageto vegetation, waste, cooking fires andleakage from fuel tanks are affectingboth terrestrial and marine biodiversity.
Indirect effects arise from constructionfor the tourism industry and the use ofnatural resources to meet the demandsof tourists. Along with the unrestrictedflow of tourists, poachers are alsogetting easy access in the forest.
TTTTTaking actionaking actionaking actionaking actionaking action With the rapid growth oftourism, steps need to be taken tocheck the erosion of biodiversity:
- Allow tourism only to a level that isaffordable without loss of biodiversity
- Increase empathy among localpeople for conservation
- Restrict construction within theconservation area and promoteconstruction of non-permanentstructures
- Check vehicles and motorboats forsilencers and fuel chambers.
- Restrict dumping of waste by touristswithin the conservation area andmake aware them of the adverseeffects of this
- Strictly enforce rules and regulationsregarding ecotourism.
As Kofi Annan once said, ‘Wefundamentally depend on naturalsystems and resources for ourexistence and development. Ourefforts to defeat poverty and pursuesustainable development will be in vainif environmental degradation anddepletion of natural resources continueunabated.’
So we should always promote eco-tourism for the benefit of conservation,not to its cost.Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in
Sunderban Reserve Forest.
Small market at the boundary of the reservecatering for tourists.
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Conservation breeding of hoolockConservation breeding of hoolockConservation breeding of hoolockConservation breeding of hoolockConservation breeding of hoolockgggggibbons: a success storyibbons: a success storyibbons: a success storyibbons: a success storyibbons: a success story
Hoolock gibbons Hoolock gibbons Hoolock gibbons Hoolock gibbons Hoolock gibbons are the only apesfound in India. The state of ArunachalPradesh is home to both species ofhoolock: the eastern hoolock (Hoolockleuconedys) is estimated to numberabout 150 animals, and the westernhoolock (Hoolock hoolock) about 200.
Habitat loss and fragmentation arejeopardising the gibbons’ survival. Themajor threats are the expansion of teaplantations following a blanket ban ontimber extraction; agricultural practicessuch as Jhum cultivation, a traditionalmethod of ‘slash and burn’; andencroachment by populations fromneighbouring countries. Allthese drastically reducegibbon habitat, leavinganimals stranded.
Dogs kill gibbons when theycome down to the groundbecause of the huge gapsin the canopy. Dogs may also be thesources of infestation with Toxocara,which affects almost all the gibbons.
Conservation breedingConservation breedingConservation breedingConservation breedingConservation breeding Many zooshave tried breeding hoolocks, withoutmuch success. The Biological Park,Itanagar took up the project in 2006
with the approval of the Central ZooAuthority.
To start with, five pairs of easternhoolocks, and five juveniles, wererescued from the Delo area inArunachal Pradesh. The rescueoperation targeted animals that hadbeen injured by dogs, gibbonsdebilitated by heavy parasiteinfestations, juveniles that had beenrejected by their mothers, or isolatedapes. Family members of the rescuedanimals were also captured to avoiddisplacement.
Enclosure designEnclosure designEnclosure designEnclosure designEnclosure designConsiderable effort wasmade to providenaturalistic enclosures. Anirregular area of 2500 m2,with a high wall and atreatment area in thecorner, is constructed for
each pair of gibbons. Lots of tall treesare incorporated into each enclosure,connected by ropes and bamboobridges. Plant species eaten byhoolocks are planted inside theenclosure, and a feeding platform isinstalled in the branches of a tree.
FeedingFeedingFeedingFeedingFeeding A diet was devised thatincluded both animal and plant proteinalong with vitamins, minerals,carbohydrates, sugar and fat. A varietyof tender leaves is provided. Some ofthe ingredients, such as sweet potato,were not easily accepted by theanimals. To overcome this problemanimals were given only thoseingredients until they accepted them.
Health care Health care Health care Health care Health care The emphasis in healthcare is placed on the animal keepersrather than the animals. All keepers atHoolock gibbons, the only ape found in India.
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‘Health care isfocused on thekeepers ratherthan the animals.’
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Enclosure design for hoolock gibbons.
the centre are given worm treatmentand screened for zoonotic diseasesevery six months. Hygiene, bothpersonal and in the cleaning ofenclosures, utensils, etc, is strictlymonitored. Health problems includeviral influenza (which can develop withpoor housing, cold wet weather and alack of nesting trees) can be fatal ifimmediate treatment is not given forsecondary infection and pneumonia.Toxocara infection is common, andstools are examined for parasites everymonth. De-worming is only done if ovaare detected to avoid drug resistance.
Dehydration is often seen due to thegibbons’ low water intake. Hoolocksusually wet their fingers in dew drops or,
in captivity, bowls of water, and lickthem. They are also often seen lickingtheir own urine.
Future plans Future plans Future plans Future plans Future plans The Itanagar zoosuccessfully bred three hoolockgibbons during 2008, and reintroductionis the ultimate goal of the project. Thisbreeding centre may act as a nodaltraining centre for captive breedingand management of hoolock gibbonsboth in situ and ex situ in the future.Strategies for monitoring and modifyingmanagement practices both incaptivity and in the wild will bedeveloped, and plans will be initiated torescue and rehabilitate animals fromthe Delo area and other degradedhabitat.
Jikom PanorJikom PanorJikom PanorJikom PanorJikom Panor attended the Endangered Species Recovery course in 2006 and isthe Veterinary Officer for the Biological Park, Itanagar. Please contact him forfurther information on the management of hoolock gibbons in captivity,including diet, anaesthetics and health problems.
E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]
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The book’s Russian title could betranslated as ‘The island dressed injersey’ or perhaps ‘The island in jersey’.‘You meet a lot of funny situations whensuch different people from the otherends of the world meet in one place,’Stas says.
The book also describes the work of theTrust, its aims and methods, and touchesupon the history of the island. Other ITCgraduates are likely to meet a lot offamiliar people if they read the story.
The book was publishedin 2007 by the Vremyapublishing house inMoscow and hasreceived two nationalliterature prizes. Stasillustrated the story withhis own drawings,several of which arereproduced here.
Stas Stas Stas Stas Stas VVVVVostokoostokoostokoostokoostokovvvvv([email protected]), whotrained at the ITC in1995, has written afictional story in Russianbased on the time hespent in Jersey and thefriends he made.
Lion tamarin
Gorilla
Memories of Jersey ...Memories of Jersey ...Memories of Jersey ...Memories of Jersey ...Memories of Jersey ...
Red-breasted goose
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I have been fascinated by animals eversince I can remember. My first meetingwith Gerald Durrell took place in theschool library when a friend handed mea copy of Three Singles to Adventure.
On reachinghome Ijumped at thebook and hadthe joy ofjourneying toBritish Guyanawith my hero. Iwent pastmagical rainforests full ofbirds andbeasts ofevery colouranddescription. I
was with Durrell when he caughtteguxins, sloths, eels, iguanas, and, ofcourse, Amos, the giant anteater.
Seven days seemed too short a periodwith Durrell but that was theintroduction to a friend – who would bemy hero, mentor, guru and guide for thenext six years until his death in January1995.
As I grew up, to the consternation of myparents and relatives, my interest inanimals, far from abating, grew strongerby the day, and with it grew thefriendship with Gerald Durrell. I slowlygot hold of more Durrell books and
made friends with many other colourfulcharacters: Ulysses the Scops owl andQuasimodo the pigeon in My Family andOther Animals; Claudius the tapir andWhiskers the emperor tamarin inMenagerie Manor; gorillas Nandi,Npongo and Jambo, and Oscar theorangutan in The Stationary Ark. The listis endless and includes humans likeGerald’s family, Larry, Leslie, Margo andMother.
I feel that Gerald Durrell portrayed thehuman race as it looked to him.Perhaps that is what made his books soenjoyable. His last book, Marrying offMother, was sentimental but it stillprovides us with a fine picture of humannature. He not only loved animals butenjoyed life and wanted us to enjoy itwith him.
I had one more dream to fulfil – to getassociated with Gerald’s zoo, theJersey Wildlife Preservation Trust (as itwas then). That dream was realised inOctober, 1991.
Gerry, the little boy in golden Corfu, Ihope you can hunt for dung beetles inheaven.
... and of Gerald Durrell... and of Gerald Durrell... and of Gerald Durrell... and of Gerald Durrell... and of Gerald Durrell
Shubhobroto GhoshShubhobroto GhoshShubhobroto GhoshShubhobroto GhoshShubhobroto Ghosh([email protected])graduated from the ITC in 1999. Hedescribes here how he first becameaware of Gerald Durrell through hisbooks. This is an edited version of anarticle first published in March 1995, inVOICES, The Statesman in School.
The statue of Gerald Durrell in Jersey.
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Durrell Conservation LearningDurrell Conservation LearningDurrell Conservation LearningDurrell Conservation LearningDurrell Conservation LearningNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkThe Durrell graduate networkThe Durrell graduate networkThe Durrell graduate networkThe Durrell graduate networkThe Durrell graduate network wasestablished in the early 1990s. We nowhave getting on for 1800 people on ourdatabase, and with the launch of ournew web-based network we hope wewill be able to maintain regular contactwith a large proportion of them.
An ITC listserve was first established in2000 to allow us to pass on usefulinformation and for graduates to use asa means of keeping in touch andgetting support for the issues they werefacing in their own work. After a recentrethink of the best way both for the ITCto keep in touch with its graduates, andto develop connections betweengraduates so that they can help eachother, we have now launched theDurrell Conservation Learning Network.
In order to be effective, trainingcourses must be part of a continualprocess of capacity building. The Durrellnetwork has the great strength of beingdeveloped from people who have allbeen involved in the trainingprogramme in some capacity. Its mainaim is to be an information exchange:as well as graduates from Durrelltraining programmes, we will be invitingDurrell staff, members of partnerorganisations, and other conservationprofessionals who express interest tojoin. These are Durrell’s Army - apowerful force for change.
2009: the new network2009: the new network2009: the new network2009: the new network2009: the new network In 2009 fundswere secured from the HDH Wills 1965Charitable Trust to promote thenetwork and support the developmentof a new internet-based site, linked tothe ITC webpage.The aim was toestablish a system that is simple anduser-friendly, so that less skilled internetusers or those with limited access will be
able to utilise enough of the network tobenefit. The site is accessible to networkmembers via a password.
As well as the internet home for thenetwork, a first regional meeting isproposed for 2010 and north-east Indiahas been suggested for the venue.
Network mission Network mission Network mission Network mission Network mission The DCLN aims tohelp ITC graduates to turn theirconservation training into conservationactions through technical support andencouragement.
The web-based network site waslaunched in October 2009 and offersseveral new ways of communicating. Anews section allows both the ITC andgraduates to pass on ideas for funding,contribute news about conservationissues, and celebrate activities andachievements. Discussion forums willhelp promote peer learning, generatenew ideas and provide technicaladvice and support, while adownloads section makes documentssuch as articles and application formseasily accessible.
A searchable database of networkmembers will be added to the websitein 2010, so that members can find othergraduates in their professional andgeographic areas.
Please join! Please join! Please join! Please join! Please join! All graduates of ITCcourses can join the network, andultimately its success depends onyou! If you are not alreadyregistered, please sign up via thegraduate network section of Durrell’swebsite – wwwwwwwwwwwwwww.durr.durr.durr.durr.durrell.orell.orell.orell.orell.org/netwg/netwg/netwg/netwg/networororororkkkkk
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The DurrThe DurrThe DurrThe DurrThe Durrell Conserell Conserell Conserell Conserell Conservvvvvation ation ation ation ation AAAAAwwwwwararararard d d d d isavailable to graduates of the ITC whoare members of the network. The focusof the Award is to support individualsand to help them to become moreeffective conservation biologists.Grants may be used to launch a newinitiative or continue an existing project.
A total of £3000 was available for the2009 funding cycle and applicationswere accepted in three categories:
- Conservation projects - Equipment - Capacity building
DurDurDurDurDurrrrrrell Conservell Conservell Conservell Conservell Conservation ation ation ation ation AAAAAwarwarwarwarward 2009:d 2009:d 2009:d 2009:d 2009:the winnersthe winnersthe winnersthe winnersthe winners
Preference was given to projects whichmet the following criteria:
- Clear conservation benefits - High likelihood of success - Clear benefits for the applicant interms of professional capacitybuilding
- Support the mission of the DurrellWildlife Conservation Trust
We are delighted to announce thethree winners of the 2009 awards:Rathin Barman, Eric Ramirez BravoRathin Barman, Eric Ramirez BravoRathin Barman, Eric Ramirez BravoRathin Barman, Eric Ramirez BravoRathin Barman, Eric Ramirez Bravoand Kanchana Kanchana Kanchana Kanchana Kanchana WWWWWeereereereereerakoon.akoon.akoon.akoon.akoon. You canread more about their projectsoverleaf.
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Rathin Barman, India Rathin Barman, India Rathin Barman, India Rathin Barman, India Rathin Barman, India (DESMAN 2009; [email protected])
Save Eastern Swamp Deer from Extinction Threat - ASave Eastern Swamp Deer from Extinction Threat - ASave Eastern Swamp Deer from Extinction Threat - ASave Eastern Swamp Deer from Extinction Threat - ASave Eastern Swamp Deer from Extinction Threat - APilot StudyPilot StudyPilot StudyPilot StudyPilot StudyWith about 600 individuals left in a single population inKaziranga National Park in India, the eastern swamp deerCervus duvaucelii ranjitsinhi is facing the threat of extinction,and creating a second population in a safer habitat hasbecome a top priority. Manas National Park, where thespecies existed until the late 1980s, has been identified as asuitable location. Although the deer became locally extinctin Manas as a result of poaching during a period of unrest,peace has returned to the region, the habitat is probablyintact and a reintroduction is planned.
Rathin’s project involves a pilot study to obtain information ahead of thereintroduction programme. He will survey potential habitat for the species inManas National Park; study habitat utilisation by eastern swamp deer living inKaziranga National Park for comparison; assess the health of the parentpopulation in Kaziranga; record and evaluation protection measures in Manas;engage stakeholders and decision makers involved in the planning process; listpotential problems and threats and methods of overcoming them; and list theofficial formalities that need to be observed so that the reintroduction projectcan be properly planned and executed.
Conservation projectsConservation projectsConservation projectsConservation projectsConservation projects
EquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipment
Eric Ramirez Bravo, Mexico Eric Ramirez Bravo, Mexico Eric Ramirez Bravo, Mexico Eric Ramirez Bravo, Mexico Eric Ramirez Bravo, Mexico (DESMAN2007; [email protected])
CarCarCarCarCarnivnivnivnivnivororororores in Cerres in Cerres in Cerres in Cerres in Cerro Coloro Coloro Coloro Coloro Colorado in ado in ado in ado in ado in TTTTTehuacán,ehuacán,ehuacán,ehuacán,ehuacán, Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Puebla,Central MexicoCentral MexicoCentral MexicoCentral MexicoCentral Mexico
When the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan inMexico was established, an area of 22,425 ha known asCerro Colorado was left out despite its high importance forconservation and the possibility that it could serve as acorridor for several species in the region. Local people areinterested in having the area declared protected andincluded in the management programme as they willbenefit in terms of government aid, and have agreed tostart a monitoring programme on their properties.
The area is especially important as there are historical reports of jaguars in thearea. Confirmation of the presence of jaguars would modify the current
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distribution of the species and help to indicate the existence of a corridor in thearea, part of a corridor that in theory connects populations in northern andsouthern Mexico.
Camera traps and transects will be used to record the mammal species presentin the area. Monitoring will be done during the dry season. The cameras will beplaced along trails, dry river beds and dirt roads at a height of 30-40 cm and leftfor a month, after which they will be rotated to different sites in order to coverthe most terrain possible. Photos will be used to determine relative densities ofthe species, and in the case of species where it is possible to recognizeindividuals, densities will be calculated. The results will be integrated with thoseobtained by other groups and presented to the state authorities in order tojustify the creation of the protected area.
Kanchana Kanchana Kanchana Kanchana Kanchana WWWWWeereereereereerakoon,akoon,akoon,akoon,akoon, Sr Sr Sr Sr Sri Lanka i Lanka i Lanka i Lanka i Lanka (DESMAN 1999, ISM 2009;[email protected]
Scientific Publication Writing CourseScientific Publication Writing CourseScientific Publication Writing CourseScientific Publication Writing CourseScientific Publication Writing Course
Kanchana has been involved in various scientific researchprojects for the past eight years, some species-specificand others habitat or community-based. The organisationshe started, Eco-Friendly Volunteers (ECO-V) has just run itsfirst training course for young people.
The results of the projects carried out by Kanchana andECO-V have been used in local awareness programmesand published as local project reports and some havebeen presented at international conferences onconservation biology. In order to gain more international recognition for ECO-V’swork, Kanchana now wants to develop her scientific writing skills so that herteam’s research results will be accepted for publication in standard journals,enabling ECO-V to communicate more effectively with the internationalconservation community.
Kanchana hopes to have papers accepted for publication in peer-reviewedjournals and for presentation at international conferences within six months ofcompleting the course.
You can read more about ECO-V’s activities on its blog:http://ecofriendlyvolunteers.blogspot.com/http://ecofriendlyvolunteers.blogspot.com/http://ecofriendlyvolunteers.blogspot.com/http://ecofriendlyvolunteers.blogspot.com/http://ecofriendlyvolunteers.blogspot.com/
Capacity buildingCapacity buildingCapacity buildingCapacity buildingCapacity building
Details of the next funding cycle,Details of the next funding cycle,Details of the next funding cycle,Details of the next funding cycle,Details of the next funding cycle,for 2010, will be announced onfor 2010, will be announced onfor 2010, will be announced onfor 2010, will be announced onfor 2010, will be announced onthe graduate networkthe graduate networkthe graduate networkthe graduate networkthe graduate network
(www(www(www(www(www.durr.durr.durr.durr.durrell.orell.orell.orell.orell.org/netwg/netwg/netwg/netwg/networorororork),k),k),k),k), w w w w wherherherherhereeeeeyou will also be able to downloadyou will also be able to downloadyou will also be able to downloadyou will also be able to downloadyou will also be able to downloadapplication forms.application forms.application forms.application forms.application forms.
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Contact us:Contact us:Contact us:Contact us:Contact us:
International Training CentreDurrell Wildlife Conservation TrustTrinityJerseyJE3 5BPChannel Islands
E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail:E-mail: [email protected]:el:el:el:el: +44 (0)1534 860037Fax:Fax:Fax:Fax:Fax: +44 (0)1534 860001
www.durrell.org
Cover photo by Deepani Jayantha
