EARTHQUAKES

Causes – 1. breaking rock 2. friction

Intensity –

Richter scale – logarithem scale. Magnitude 3 earthquake is 100 times greater than magnitude 1. 5 = energy of first atomic

bomb 7 = major earthquake

Table 16.2

Table 16.1

85% of earthquakes are shallow (foci < 40 miles deep)

12% are intermediate (foci 40-200 miles deep)

3% are deep (foci 200 – 435 miles deep)

Box 16.1.1a

Box 16.1.1b

CO 16

Fig. 16.1a

Fig. 16.1b

Fig. 16.1c

Fig. 16.1d

Fig. 16.15a

Fig. 16.15b

Fig. 16.15c

Fig. 16.15d

Fig. 16.17b

Fig. 16.1e

Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire

Fig. 16.2a-c

Fig. 16.2d

Fig. 16.18b

Fig. 16.18c

Fig. 16.18d

Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire

Fig. 16.17a

Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire

Fig. 16.16

Focus – place of rupture or friction Epicenter – point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

Fig. 16.4

Fig. 16.5

Fig. 16.3

Types of Seismic Waves

1. Body waves (move through the Earth)

2. Surface waves (move along the surface of Earth)

Location of earthquakes – 1. circum-Pacific Belt 2. Mediterranean-Trans-

Himalayan Belt

Fig. 16.22a

Fig. 16.13

Fig. 16.14

Fig. 16.11

Seismograph – instrument that measures intensity and time of arrival of earthquake waves.

Seismogram – record of seismic waves

Fig. 16.7a

Fig. 16.6

Fig. 16.7b

Body waves

a. P waves (move through solid and liquid materials)

b. S waves (move only through solid)

Fig. 16.8

Fig. 16.9

Fig. 16.10

Fig. 16.12

Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire

Fig. 16.19

Fig. 16.20a

Fig. 16.20b

Fig. 16.21

Fig. 16.22b

Fig. 16.23

Fig. 16.24

Fig. 16.26

Fig. 16.27

Fig. 16.28

Fig. 16.30

Box 16.3.1

Box 16.3.2a

Box 16.3.2b

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