The Civil War

War Begins

-Election of 1860

-Secession of lower states

-Confederate States of America

-Firing on Ft. Sumter

-Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn.

-11 States Leave Union

War Begins

-Election of 1860

-Secession of lower states

-Confederate States of America

-Firing on Ft. Sumter

-Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn.

-11 States Leave Union

Modern War

-Uses both old and new methods of war

-Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations

-Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons

Strategy-Union

-Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan

developed by Winfield Scott

-divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports

Strategy-Confederacy

-defensive battle

-European recognition

Advantages-Union

-most of the population

-large advantages in resources

-most of the transportation and industry

Advantages-Confederacy

-defending their homes

-strong sectional pride

-better military tradition and leadership

Government Powers

-both sides had to increase central government powers

-raise an army

-supply armies

-finance the war

-suppress any opposition

-Copperheads

Raising Armies

-Northern Advantage

-volunteers at first

-drafts begin

-riots

-bounties paid

-substitution possible

-many volunteers

Supplying Armies

-Union Advantages

-Industrial Capacity

-Transportation Capabilities

-Financial Centers

Confederate Problems

-Foraging the land

-Shortages

War Politics

-War to Preserve Union

-civil rights were restricted

-habeas corpus suspended

-Emancipation Debated

Needed higher cause

-Emancipation Proclamation

Jan. 1, 1863

Others in the War

-African Americans

Segregated Forces

54th Massachusetts

-Women

Nursing

Clara Barton

Soldier’s Lives

-disillusionment of war

-filthy conditions

-poor food

-bad medical care

-prison camps

Andersonville

Shots Fired

-war begins at Fort Sumter, S.C., 1861

-Bull Run

-July 1861

-Southern victory

-did not pursue the retreating Union army

-citizens watched the battle

Shiloh

-April 1862

-costly victory for Grant

-demonstrated the cost of victory would be great

Antietam

-Sept. 1862

-bloodiest single day of the war

-Union victory for McClellan

Vicksburg

-Nov. 1862

-Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi

-try to split the south

Confederate Victories

-Confederates greatly outnumbered but Lee still wins

-Dec. 1862

-Fredericksburg

-May 1863

-Chancellorsville

-Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is killed

Gettysburg

-July 1863

-Lee invades North

-Little Round Top

-Cemetery Ridge

-Pickett’s Charge

-turning point of the war as Lee is defeated

-Gettysburg Address given by Lincoln several months later

South is Split

-July 1863

-Grant captures Vicksburg after long seige

-Grant is called to command Union armies

Sherman’s March

-1864

-”March to the Sea”:

-Total War

“War is Hell”

-burning of Atlanta

-destroy the will to fight

Grant in Pursuit

-1864

-Lee in retreat

-Grant attacks repeatedly at great loss of life

-Lincoln wants speedy end to war

War’s End

-April 1865

-Grant surrounds Lee outside Richmond

-surrender at Appomattox

Political Changes

-Power of the Federal Gov’t is supreme

-extension of federal powers

-income taxes first used

-citizens drafted into service

-civil liberties suppressed

Economic Changes

-growth of war related industries

-Northern industry grew stronger

-southern economy is destroyed

-must be rebuilt

Costs of War

-deaths

360,000 Union

260,000 Conf.

-1/2 million wounded

-about 20 billion $

5 times the amount spent in 80 years

Warfare Changes

-new weapons

rifles

mini ball

trench warfare

grenades

submarine

iron-clad ships

Monitor

Merrimack

Lives Change

-13th Amendment

bans slavery

-soldiers return to their homes

-urban population grows

-many move west

-many families destroyed by deaths of soldiers

Lincoln’s Assassination

-Lincoln’s Plan

forgiving peace to restore the Union

-At Ford’s Theatre just 5 days after the war’s end

-John Wilkes Booth

-First assassination of a President