Tips for In-text Citations

A.K.A. Parenthetical Documentation

Internal Citation

Graphic courtesy of Oddly Enough

Why? Why? Why? Why? Why?

Think of in-text citation as tour guide.

The citations guide readers to the sources listed in your Works Cited.

Why? So that they can read your references.

Why? So that they can confirm the info.

Why? So that they can develop their own understanding.

Formula … It’s simple!Use the first piece of information in the Works Cited citation as the intext citation.1. If the author’s name is the first piece of information, use the author’s last name and page number INSIDE parenthesis at the end of the sentence or series of sentences.

Example: (Walter 8).

2. If the first piece of information is the title, use an abbreviated title for the intext citation.

Example: (" Infectious Diseases - HospitalBuyer.”)

Tip 1: Common KnowledgeA citation is not needed.

According to Isaac Newton, the weight of a person will change depending on the planet in which he or she is standing.

Barack Obama is president of the United States.

Tip 2: Quotes ‘N Credits Peter Daszak, renowned scientists and executive

director of the Consortium for Conservation Medicine in Palisades New York stated, “ Show me almost any new infectious disease, and I’ll show you an environmental change brought about by humans that either caused or exacerbated it (Walter 8).” As of January 2009, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases list of currently emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases includes diseases such as Smallpox, Tuberculosis, Flu (Influenza), and Antimicrobial Resistance. The diseases grid for infectious diseases is often shared by humans, fauna, and domesticated animals (Walter 9).

Tip 3: Summaries ‘N Credits

R. LÓPEZ-VÉLEZ, H. HUERGA, AND M. C. TURRIENTES, Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology Unit, Infectious Diseases Department and Microbiology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, recently studied immigrant populations for their risk of infectious diseases and their potential for exposing populations in other parts of the world to these diseases. Their research concluded that immigrants, especially those emigrating from from sub-Saharan Africa, may carry several infectious diseases at the same time, with hepatitis B and C, HIV, and malaria, showing frequently. Latin Americans commonly showed signs of latent and active tuberculosis and intestinal parasites (Lopez-Velez).

Works Cited

"Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Web. 6 Jan. 2010. <http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/emerging/>.

"Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Jan.

2010. <http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/emerging/>.

" Infectious Diseases - HospitalBuyer." HospitalBuyer - News for Healthcare Procurement Decision Makers. N.p., n.d. Web. 6

Jan. 2010. <http://www.hospitalbuyer.com/category/medical-specialties/infectious-diseases/>.

Lopez-Velez, R., H. Huerga, and M.C. Turrientes. "Infectious Diseases in Immigrants from the Perspective of a Tropical

Medicine Referral Unit – LaPez, Valez, et. al. 69 (1): 115 -- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene."

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2010.

<http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/69/1/115>.

Walters, Mark Jerome. Six Modern Plagues and How We Are Causing Them. 1 ed. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004. Print.

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