Todor Kableshkov Todor Kableshkov Higher School of  TransportHigher School of  Transport

TR/05/B/F/PP/178 009TR/05/B/F/PP/178 009 MODULAR TE MODULAR TE

Country ReportCountry Report

1. Common information. Levels of 1. Common information. Levels of professional training in Bulgariaprofessional training in Bulgaria

Mechanic Mechanic

Specialist Specialist

Bachelor Bachelor

Master Master

DoctorDoctor

Teacher’s (trainer’s) qualificationTeacher’s (trainer’s) qualification

1. According to the low teacher’s (trainer’s) 1. According to the low teacher’s (trainer’s) qualification depends on the level of qualification depends on the level of professional training; professional training;

2. There are special requirements for certain 2. There are special requirements for certain professions/subjects. professions/subjects.

Centers for professional trainingCenters for professional training

Common professional training center – self-Common professional training center – self-dependant or connected to certain other dependant or connected to certain other organization (enterprise); students study organization (enterprise); students study only professional subjects and obtain only professional subjects and obtain diploma for Mechanic in certain profession; diploma for Mechanic in certain profession; student’s age – 18 – 65 years; duration of student’s age – 18 – 65 years; duration of training – 1 – 24 months, depends on the training – 1 – 24 months, depends on the course.course.

Centers for professional trainingCenters for professional training

Technical Gymnasium (the old variant is Technical Gymnasium (the old variant is Tehnikum) – usually Governmental centers; Tehnikum) – usually Governmental centers; students study common educational and students study common educational and professional subjects and obtain diploma for professional subjects and obtain diploma for High education level and for Mechanic in High education level and for Mechanic in certain profession; student’s age – 15 – 18 certain profession; student’s age – 15 – 18 (19) years for regular training, the age could (19) years for regular training, the age could be extended to 65 years for extramural be extended to 65 years for extramural students.students.

Centers for professional trainingCenters for professional training

Universities - students study common Universities - students study common educational and professional subjects and educational and professional subjects and obtain diploma for Higher education level obtain diploma for Higher education level and certain profession; student’s age – 18 and certain profession; student’s age – 18 (19) – 21 (28) years for regular training, the (19) – 21 (28) years for regular training, the age could be extended to 65 years for age could be extended to 65 years for extramural students. Students could obtain extramural students. Students could obtain diploma for Specialist, Bachelor, Master or diploma for Specialist, Bachelor, Master or Doctor degree, depends on the program of Doctor degree, depends on the program of training.training.

Common requirements for all kind Common requirements for all kind of trainersof trainers

To have Higher education Diploma in the To have Higher education Diploma in the field of the training (at least Specialist);field of the training (at least Specialist);Usually the trainer’s level of education Usually the trainer’s level of education should be at least the same of the target should be at least the same of the target level of education of the students. level of education of the students. Exceptions are admitted in subjects where Exceptions are admitted in subjects where special manual skills are needed (for special manual skills are needed (for example in Welding) when students have example in Welding) when students have practice. practice.

An example of professional training An example of professional training structurestructure

Possible technology subjects Possible technology subjects division division

Common technology subjects (they give Common technology subjects (they give the fundament of training, common the fundament of training, common technical culture);technical culture);Profesionalizing subjects (they give Profesionalizing subjects (they give knowledge and abilities in certain knowledge and abilities in certain profession, personal attitude to profession, personal attitude to profession);profession);Specializing subjects (they give knowledge Specializing subjects (they give knowledge and abilities in a specialty).and abilities in a specialty).

Subjects contentSubjects contentThe subject content is classical and depends on the matter of the subject;The subject content is classical and depends on the matter of the subject;For example the subject For example the subject Metal Cutting Machines and EquipmentMetal Cutting Machines and Equipment is in the is in the Metal-working and MachineryMetal-working and Machinery learning field and content is: learning field and content is:

1. Concept of cutting process: kinematics, dynamics, regimes, physico-1. Concept of cutting process: kinematics, dynamics, regimes, physico-mechanical phenomena related to cutting process.mechanical phenomena related to cutting process.

2. Cutting tools and instrumental materials.2. Cutting tools and instrumental materials.3. Machine tools: types, characteristics – constructive, kinematical, 3. Machine tools: types, characteristics – constructive, kinematical,

technological.technological.4. Turning on a lathe – technological possibilities, instruments, machines.4. Turning on a lathe – technological possibilities, instruments, machines.5. Processing of openings: drilling, countersign, reamering, technological 5. Processing of openings: drilling, countersign, reamering, technological

possibilities, tools, machines.possibilities, tools, machines.6. Milling cutters – technological possibilities, tools.6. Milling cutters – technological possibilities, tools.7. Grinding machines – technological possibilities, tools, machines.7. Grinding machines – technological possibilities, tools, machines.8. Grating and gouging machines - technological possibilities, tools, 8. Grating and gouging machines - technological possibilities, tools,

machines.machines.9. Broaching machines. Instruments. 9. Broaching machines. Instruments. 10. Tooth-working machines – technological possibilities, tools, machines.10. Tooth-working machines – technological possibilities, tools, machines.11. Thread-broaching.11. Thread-broaching.

Subject Subject basic objectives basic objectives

The The Basic objectives depend on the concrete Basic objectives depend on the concrete Unit nameUnit name and on the and on the Learning fieldLearning field;;

For example the basic objectives of the subject For example the basic objectives of the subject Metal Cutting Machines and EquipmentMetal Cutting Machines and Equipment are: are:

1. Formation of professional skills for work and 1. Formation of professional skills for work and adjustment of metal-cutting machines.adjustment of metal-cutting machines.

2. Skills for preliminary preparation of tools and 2. Skills for preliminary preparation of tools and machines for elaboration of detail when there is machines for elaboration of detail when there is assigned drawing. assigned drawing.

Learning outcomes Learning outcomes The The Learning outcomes depend on the concrete Learning outcomes depend on the concrete Unit nameUnit name and on the and on the Learning fieldLearning field;;For example the Learning outcomes of the subject For example the Learning outcomes of the subject Metal Cutting Metal Cutting Machines and EquipmentMachines and Equipment are: are:1. In the end of the training students must know concept of the working 1. In the end of the training students must know concept of the working process by means of cutting; factors influencing the right going of processprocess by means of cutting; factors influencing the right going of process2. To analy2. To analysse physical and heat phenomena during the process of cutting e physical and heat phenomena during the process of cutting and their influence on quality and preciseness of the working materials. and their influence on quality and preciseness of the working materials. 3. To choose right cutting tools according to their description, constriction 3. To choose right cutting tools according to their description, constriction and materials they are made of. and materials they are made of. 4. To analy4. To analysse elements and regimes of cutting and their influence on e elements and regimes of cutting and their influence on preciseness and quality of working surfaces and efficiency of labour. preciseness and quality of working surfaces and efficiency of labour. 5. Kinematic and technological peculiarities of metal-cutting machines, the 5. Kinematic and technological peculiarities of metal-cutting machines, the structural building and controlling.structural building and controlling.6. To describe the structure, main functions and technological possibilities 6. To describe the structure, main functions and technological possibilities of most frequently used metal-cutting machines.of most frequently used metal-cutting machines.7. To read kinematic schemes of metal-cutting machines. 7. To read kinematic schemes of metal-cutting machines.

Evaluation methods Evaluation methods

We use traditional methods for evaluation:We use traditional methods for evaluation:

1.1. During professional training we use tests.During professional training we use tests.

2.2. Evaluation of practice work (students Evaluation of practice work (students prepare protocols of workshops that they prepare protocols of workshops that they had). had).

3.3. Final evaluation (exams) on the base Final evaluation (exams) on the base theoretical and practice knowledge. theoretical and practice knowledge.

Tools / Materials used in the Tools / Materials used in the applicationsapplications

We use traditional We use traditional Tools / Materials used Tools / Materials used in the applications for training like in the applications for training like classrooms, laboratories, workshops, ICT classrooms, laboratories, workshops, ICT etc.etc.To obtain a Governmental certificate for To obtain a Governmental certificate for training an institution has to have all training an institution has to have all tools tools materials that are necessary for training. A materials that are necessary for training. A special Governmental commission special Governmental commission appreciate the equipment that the appreciate the equipment that the professional centre use. professional centre use.

Common rules about competences Common rules about competences assessment in order a person to be a trainerassessment in order a person to be a trainer

The specialist should have engineering diploma The specialist should have engineering diploma (at least Bachelor);(at least Bachelor);The specialist should graduate:The specialist should graduate:- the subject that trains if it is common technical - the subject that trains if it is common technical subject (or very closed one);subject (or very closed one);- the profession that trains if the subject is - the profession that trains if the subject is professionalizing;professionalizing;- the profession that trains and to have post-- the profession that trains and to have post-graduating specialty if the subject is under graduating specialty if the subject is under specialization. specialization.

2. Requirements for teachers/trainers at 2. Requirements for teachers/trainers at Common professional training centersCommon professional training centers

Every common professional training center has Every common professional training center has its independent politic, including for its independent politic, including for teachers/trainers qualification, so to be rival on teachers/trainers qualification, so to be rival on the free market; the free market;

Usually the teachers are ex-specialists in the Usually the teachers are ex-specialists in the enterprises that they train students for;enterprises that they train students for;

If there are additional requirements/certificates If there are additional requirements/certificates according special Laws/Regulations (for according special Laws/Regulations (for example EN), so the trainers should have these example EN), so the trainers should have these certificates. certificates.

3. Special requirements for teachers/trainers 3. Special requirements for teachers/trainers at Professional Gymnasiumsat Professional Gymnasiums

An applicant for teacher on technology should An applicant for teacher on technology should successfully passed course on Pedagogy. In successfully passed course on Pedagogy. In that way the applicant will have advantages that way the applicant will have advantages when he/her applies as a teacher, he/she will when he/her applies as a teacher, he/she will have bigger salary;have bigger salary;Usually the course is carried out after the basic Usually the course is carried out after the basic teacher’s training (in University);teacher’s training (in University);The School makes competition for teacher and The School makes competition for teacher and special commission, appreciates the applicants special commission, appreciates the applicants and chooses the best one according to and chooses the best one according to preliminary prepared criteria. preliminary prepared criteria.

About course on Pedagogy About course on Pedagogy

Could be organized by a certificated Could be organized by a certificated University with traditions in Pedagogy;University with traditions in Pedagogy;

Should be organized according to National Should be organized according to National rules in the particular fields;rules in the particular fields;

The curricula should be approved by the The curricula should be approved by the Ministry of Education;Ministry of Education;

There is no remarkable changes in the There is no remarkable changes in the system of training on technology teachers system of training on technology teachers during the last 30 years. during the last 30 years.

Course on Pedagogy Curricula (a variant) Course on Pedagogy Curricula (a variant)

Psychology of Children and Adults Psychology of Children and Adults

Personal PsychologyPersonal Psychology

Pedagogical PsychologyPedagogical Psychology

Training Methods Training Methods

Training Technologies Training Technologies

DidacticsDidactics

Didactic Appliances and Methods Didactic Appliances and Methods

Course on Pedagogy descriptionCourse on Pedagogy description

Technology Specialists study classical subjects Technology Specialists study classical subjects on Pedagogy;on Pedagogy;The course on Pedagogy is common for all kind The course on Pedagogy is common for all kind of specialists (technology, natural science); of specialists (technology, natural science); there is no specific features for Technology there is no specific features for Technology Specialists training;Specialists training; Duration of every subject is between 60 and Duration of every subject is between 60 and 200 hours, about 50% theory and 50% practice. 200 hours, about 50% theory and 50% practice. There is not any remarkable deviation in There is not any remarkable deviation in Curricula of courses carried out at the training Curricula of courses carried out at the training institutions.institutions.

Course on Pedagogy – Final examCourse on Pedagogy – Final exam

The course finishes with a final exam. A special The course finishes with a final exam. A special independent commission is nominated in order independent commission is nominated in order to evaluate student’s knowledge and abilities.to evaluate student’s knowledge and abilities.The course has to be Nationally recognized, so The course has to be Nationally recognized, so the final exam to have the statute “Governmental the final exam to have the statute “Governmental Exam”. For that reason a representative of Exam”. For that reason a representative of Ministry of Education has to take part in the Ministry of Education has to take part in the commission.commission.After successful passing of the final exam a After successful passing of the final exam a student obtains a diploma on Pedagogy and student obtains a diploma on Pedagogy and could apply as a teacher in the High (Secondary) could apply as a teacher in the High (Secondary) system of training in the fields of technology and system of training in the fields of technology and natural science as well. natural science as well.

Teacher training Teacher training

Teachers have a few opportunities to increase Teachers have a few opportunities to increase their pedagogy activities in the Higher School their pedagogy activities in the Higher School Governmental system;Governmental system;There is a special institute (Institute for There is a special institute (Institute for Teacher’s Elaboration) that offers free/paid Teacher’s Elaboration) that offers free/paid courses on different aspects of Pedagogy. courses on different aspects of Pedagogy. Courses could be organized by other institutions Courses could be organized by other institutions as well;as well;Results that teachers achieve during the training Results that teachers achieve during the training are Nationally recognized if the courses are are Nationally recognized if the courses are coordinated with the Ministry of Education. coordinated with the Ministry of Education.

Teacher’s motivation to visit post Teacher’s motivation to visit post graduation courses on Pedagogygraduation courses on Pedagogy

There are opportunities for teachers to There are opportunities for teachers to have promotions in school system have promotions in school system (according the Regulation 5 from the Low (according the Regulation 5 from the Low of Education);of Education);The courses help teacher’s realization in The courses help teacher’s realization in Schools; Schools; There is teacher’s evaluation session on There is teacher’s evaluation session on certain period of time, so for teachers is certain period of time, so for teachers is good to have a good evaluation.good to have a good evaluation.

What kind of courses are availableWhat kind of courses are available

Methods of training on technology Methods of training on technology subjects; for this aim the subjects are subjects; for this aim the subjects are grouped according to their similarities (for grouped according to their similarities (for example, “Informatics”, “Architecture, Civil example, “Informatics”, “Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy”, “Machine Engineering and Geodesy”, “Machine Science” etc);Science” etc);Course on Pedagogy, Social Pedagogy, Course on Pedagogy, Social Pedagogy, Pedagogical Psychology, Management of Pedagogical Psychology, Management of Education. Education.

How long these courses areHow long these courses are

Short duration courses – about 40 – 72 hours total, 50% Short duration courses – about 40 – 72 hours total, 50% hours theory and 50% hours practice. The courses finish hours theory and 50% hours practice. The courses finish with discussion. Every teacher receive certain number of with discussion. Every teacher receive certain number of credits according to the National system of evaluation; credits according to the National system of evaluation; As much the hours are, so much the credits a teacher As much the hours are, so much the credits a teacher receive.receive.Middle duration courses – 72 hours total 50% hours Middle duration courses – 72 hours total 50% hours theory and 50%hours practice. The courses finish with a theory and 50%hours practice. The courses finish with a training project.training project.Long Duration courses – 200 hours total 50% hours Long Duration courses – 200 hours total 50% hours theory and 50%hours practice. The courses finish with a theory and 50%hours practice. The courses finish with a training project and teachers obtain diploma for next training project and teachers obtain diploma for next level of qualification.level of qualification.

About course’s organizationAbout course’s organization

Every year possible courses for training Every year possible courses for training are announced by the Institute;are announced by the Institute;The courses could be carried out at the The courses could be carried out at the Institute (in Sofia) but certain ones could Institute (in Sofia) but certain ones could be organized in country;be organized in country;To enroll in a course a teacher should To enroll in a course a teacher should satisfy the conditions needed (for example satisfy the conditions needed (for example practice, level of qualification) according practice, level of qualification) according the National rules.the National rules.

4. Special requirements for 4. Special requirements for lecturers/trainers at Universitieslecturers/trainers at Universities

The University organizes competition (theoretical The University organizes competition (theoretical exam) for exam) for Professor AssistanceProfessor Assistance on certain on certain profession and special commission, appreciates profession and special commission, appreciates the applicants and chooses the best one the applicants and chooses the best one according to preliminary prepared criteria; according to preliminary prepared criteria; The commission appreciates both professional The commission appreciates both professional and personal abilities of applicants and choose and personal abilities of applicants and choose the best applicant; the best applicant; The nominated applicant starts working at the The nominated applicant starts working at the University together with his/her more University together with his/her more experienced colleagues. experienced colleagues.

Special requirements for Special requirements for lecturers/trainers at Universitieslecturers/trainers at Universities

The University could organize a competition The University could organize a competition (only by documentary evaluation) for (only by documentary evaluation) for Professor Professor (Associated Professor)(Associated Professor) on certain profession and on certain profession and two official specialists give their independent two official specialists give their independent evaluation for applicants, and offer the best. The evaluation for applicants, and offer the best. The criteria are connected to the subject that criteria are connected to the subject that applicant like to teach and pedagogy skills have applicant like to teach and pedagogy skills have less importance. A special Science Council less importance. A special Science Council choose by secret voting the best one; choose by secret voting the best one; A Governmental Council takes care about the A Governmental Council takes care about the procedure and confirms/rejects the chosen procedure and confirms/rejects the chosen applicant.applicant.

Analyses Analyses

These facts show that we pay remarkable These facts show that we pay remarkable attention of specializing and science skills, attention of specializing and science skills, knowledge and profession more than of knowledge and profession more than of pedagogical skills.pedagogical skills.

How the University Curricula is prepared How the University Curricula is prepared and Bulgarian traditions in this field and Bulgarian traditions in this field

We created our system of education with We created our system of education with close connections with other European close connections with other European systems in Engineering training.systems in Engineering training.

Preliminary studied subject at Preliminary studied subject at UniversityUniversity

Presentation of relatively part of subject hours Presentation of relatively part of subject hours from total student’s obligatory hours.from total student’s obligatory hours.

Natural sciences (Mathematics, Chemistry, Natural sciences (Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics) and Humanitarian subjects – Physics) and Humanitarian subjects – 1919 %; %;

Common Engineering and Economic subjects – Common Engineering and Economic subjects – 3838 % %

Professionalizing and specializing subjects - Professionalizing and specializing subjects - 4343 % %

Pedagogy training of University Pedagogy training of University lecturerslecturers

University lecturers could visit course on University lecturers could visit course on Pedagogy (but it doesn’t give them opportunities Pedagogy (but it doesn’t give them opportunities for promotion);for promotion);There are commissions at University that are There are commissions at University that are formed by lecturer on a subject. These formed by lecturer on a subject. These commissions take care about methods of commissions take care about methods of training and pedagogical skills of lecturers; training and pedagogical skills of lecturers; Opened lessons (with students and members of Opened lessons (with students and members of certain commission) are carried out. After the certain commission) are carried out. After the lesson every member of commission could give lesson every member of commission could give opinion/recommendations how the lesson could opinion/recommendations how the lesson could be improved. be improved.

Additional opportunities for pedagogical Additional opportunities for pedagogical growing of University lecturersgrowing of University lecturers

Participation in Specializing Conferences Participation in Specializing Conferences (National/International) as a lecturers or (National/International) as a lecturers or listeners;listeners;

Producing training literature (methods, Producing training literature (methods, manuals, books);manuals, books);

Lecturing as a guest lector in other Lecturing as a guest lector in other University. University.

Possible deviation from the Possible deviation from the common rulescommon rules

Reason: Reason: special pedagogical requirements are available;special pedagogical requirements are available;Besides common pedagogical training ,students study Besides common pedagogical training ,students study special subjects. For example, students trained for special subjects. For example, students trained for Instructor for Driving profession study subjects like “How Instructor for Driving profession study subjects like “How to teach students to drive” (on instructor’s seat - about to teach students to drive” (on instructor’s seat - about 80 hours of theory and practice.80 hours of theory and practice. This is just an example This is just an example for possible deviation from the common standard for possible deviation from the common standard procedure of some professional training on pedagogy in procedure of some professional training on pedagogy in special fieldsspecial fields,, where special requirements are available.) where special requirements are available.) Students study these additional subjects in order to Students study these additional subjects in order to obtain special abilities for successful future professional obtain special abilities for successful future professional realization. Usually these exceptions are in high realization. Usually these exceptions are in high responsible fields with remarkable social effect. responsible fields with remarkable social effect. The future: According us common European rules will be The future: According us common European rules will be available soon.available soon.

Other forms of Technology trainingOther forms of Technology training

Children clubs, groups in Technology Children clubs, groups in Technology Science for beginners;Science for beginners;

Primary School – a subject – Base of Primary School – a subject – Base of Technology Science; Technology Science;

There is a special course on Children There is a special course on Children Pedagogy. Pedagogy education of trainers Pedagogy. Pedagogy education of trainers is not obligatory but is desirable.is not obligatory but is desirable.

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention