Unit 1 – European Colonization (Exploration)

United States History

Mrs. O’Shea

Overview

First Americans???America before 1500 A.D.European World before 1500 A.D.African World before 1500 A.D.Age of ExplorationConquistadorsColonization

First Americans???

Migration – movement of people who want to settle in a new place

Bering Strait – land bridge during Ice AgeKnown as the Clovis TheoryCame in wavesMigrated east and south

America before 1500

What do we know about these people???

These groups had no real written records.

Study objects – learn about way people live

European World

Early Middle Ages – 500 to 1000 A.D.– Unstable– Rise of Islam – Muslims spread religion

throughout North Africa, Arabia and present-day Spain

– Feudalism – political system of lords, lesser lords, serfs

– Roman Catholic Church ruled.

European World

Late Middle Ages – 1000 – 1300 A.D.–New farming techniques ->more people ->need more land–Crusades – unsuccessful attempts by Christians to take back Jerusalem from Muslims -> increased demand for trade goods–Growth of cities -> Middle Class developed (artisans, merchants, traders) ->money economy was revived-> breakdown of feudal system–Rise of Monarchs–Rise of Universities–Black Death – The Plaque

European World

Renaissance – 1300 – 1500 A.D.–Rebirth of culture and learning–Produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Shakespeare–Printing Press – makes written word accessible to average person–Reformation – protestant church formed–Nations arose – France, England, Spain, Portugal–Invention of compass, astrolabe, and quadrant, caravel made long sea voyages possible

EuropeansRenaissance

1300A.D. – 1500A.D.

• Time of rebirth• Emphasis on education,

invention, arts (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

• Nations were created – France, England, Spain, Portugal (competitive)

• Inventions = long sea voyages possible

• More money – more trade

Dark Ages500A.D. – 1300A.D.

• Fall of Roman Empire• War• Black Death (Plague) • Trade – dangerous -

Muslim world was treacherous for Europeans

Explore? Why?Marco Polo – Italian

1271 - Traveled to China overland

Remained in China for 15 years

Returned and wrote of travels - “The Travels of Marco Polo”

Why is this important? Fueled interest in travel and in goods from

Asia

Motives for Exploration

1. Christianity – wanted to spread Christianity

2. Wealth – wanted to make money with trade

3. Fame – wanted to become famous

4. National Pride – competition with other countries

5. Curiosity

• 1440s - Prince Henry the Navigator - explored west of Africa

• 1487 Bartholomew Dias - rounded the Cape of Good Hope

• 1498 Vasco da Gama – reached India

ALL PORTUGUESE

http://www.mariner.org/exploration/index.php?page=voyages

What Next?

Portugal discovered two things about going around Africa to Asia

1) wasn't shorter

2) wasn't cheaper

Background

Born in Genoa, Italy

Trained in Navigator school in Portugal

Voyage to “New World” funded by Spain

Reasons for Voyage

1. Fame

2. God

3. Trade Route – Competition with Portugal

Effects on Native Americans

Devastated by disease (smallpox, typhus, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough)

Effects on Europeans

Wealth (gold, silver, cash crops)

Christopher Columbus’s Voyage

Conquistadors and Colonies

God, Glory, GoldSpanish Conquerors = Conquistadors

1492-1650 – Spanish built empires in Americas

Did not drive natives out of lands, forced them to be part of colonial system

Review for Quiz

Define Migration.Migration from Asia – Bering Land BridgeWhat is pre-history?European Culture - Middle Ages. Renaissance, views on

land, tradeEuropean explorationChristopher ColumbusMotives for explorationPortuguese explorersConquistadors