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Unit 7: Unit 7:
TheTheCivil WarCivil War
April 1861April 1861
ToTo
April 1865April 1865
Unit 7: Unit 7:
TheTheCivil WarCivil War
April 1861April 1861
ToTo
April 1865April 1865
North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861
NorthNorth SouthSouth
Advantages 11 33
Disadvantages 22 44
Use your notes from the last unit and the textbook pages; (GN 448-452), (CP 413-415)
Comparing the North Comparing the North && the Souththe South
Comparing the North Comparing the North && the Souththe South
Slave vs. Free States Slave vs. Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861
Slave vs. Free States Slave vs. Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, 1860Railroad Lines, 1860Railroad Lines, 1860Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North Resources: North && the the SouthSouth
Resources: North Resources: North && the the SouthSouth
Men Serving in the Civil WarMen Serving in the Civil WarMen Serving in the Civil WarMen Serving in the Civil War
Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations:Occupations:
Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations:Occupations:
Immigrant Immigrant Population Population Percents in Percents in
18601860
Immigrant Immigrant Population Population Percents in Percents in
18601860
The Union The Union && Confederacy: Confederacy: 18611861
The Union The Union && Confederacy: Confederacy: 18611861
The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy
The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy
Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House” Richmond, VAHouse” Richmond, VAThe Confederate “White The Confederate “White House” Richmond, VAHouse” Richmond, VA
The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal
MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”
President Abraham Lincoln
Vice President Hannibal Hamlin(1861-65)
Vice President Andrew Johnson(1865)
I. The Beginning- April I. The Beginning- April 18611861A.A. Fort Sumter, SC – Union fort, commanded by Fort Sumter, SC – Union fort, commanded by
Major Robert Anderson, U.S.A.Major Robert Anderson, U.S.A.
B. C.S.A. Gen. Beauregard demands that they leave.B. C.S.A. Gen. Beauregard demands that they leave.
C. Lincoln sends supplies to the fortC. Lincoln sends supplies to the fort1. Confederates attack1. Confederates attack
D.D. Fort Sumter surrenders after 34 Fort Sumter surrenders after 34 hours of hours of
shellingshelling1. No casualties, but the war has begun1. No casualties, but the war has begun
E. The North will not let the Southern E. The North will not let the Southern states states secedesecede1.1. Four more southern states secede (VA, Four more southern states secede (VA,
NC, AR, TN)NC, AR, TN)
II. The II. The North’sNorth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
II. The II. The North’sNorth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan
1. No supplies or goods get 1. No supplies or goods get byby
B. Split the South into 2 partsB. Split the South into 2 parts
1. Divide the army and 1. Divide the army and supplies upsupplies up
C. Capture Richmond, VAC. Capture Richmond, VA
D. Bring the South Back into the D. Bring the South Back into the Union ASAPUnion ASAP
A.A. Anaconda Plan: Blockade Southern Anaconda Plan: Blockade Southern ports and ports and
the Mississippi Riverthe Mississippi River
E. Lincoln’s GeneralsE. Lincoln’s GeneralsE. Lincoln’s GeneralsE. Lincoln’s Generals
Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell
Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan
Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside
Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker
George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
III. The III. The South’sSouth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
III. The III. The South’sSouth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
A. Defensive War Plan: Defend A. Defensive War Plan: Defend the Souththe South1. Only fight when 1. Only fight when
need toneed to2. Cause as much damage 2. Cause as much damage as possibleas possible3. Make the North want to 3. Make the North want to quitquit
B. Capture Washington, B. Capture Washington, D.C.D.C.
C. Gain European support and recognitionC. Gain European support and recognition
D. The Confederate D. The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
D. The Confederate D. The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart
James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet
George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett
““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee
IV. Battle of Bull Run IV. Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas, VA) Manassas, VA)
July, 1861July, 1861
IV. Battle of Bull Run IV. Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas, VA) Manassas, VA)
July, 1861July, 1861
A. First Major Battle A. First Major Battle
1. 20 miles from Washington1. 20 miles from Washington
2. Near Bull Run Creek2. Near Bull Run Creek
B. Both sides think the war will only be B. Both sides think the war will only be this battlethis battle
1.1. Both sides fight well, but C.S.A. Both sides fight well, but C.S.A. rallies rallies && U.S.A. U.S.A.
retreatsretreatsC.C. Results – both sides learn that the Results – both sides learn that the
war will be war will be long and bloodylong and bloody
V. War in the West: 1862V. War in the West: 1862V. War in the West: 1862V. War in the West: 1862
A. Ulysses S. Grant makes a name for himselfA. Ulysses S. Grant makes a name for himself
1. Fort Henry, TN: February 1. Fort Henry, TN: February 18621862a. Navy attacked from the River a. Navy attacked from the River
while the while the army moved into position.army moved into position.
2. Fort Donelson, TN: February 18622. Fort Donelson, TN: February 1862a. Naval attack, but forced to retreata. Naval attack, but forced to retreat
b. Confederate try to escape, driven backb. Confederate try to escape, driven backc. “Unconditional Surrender” Grant winsc. “Unconditional Surrender” Grant wins
3. Shiloh, TN: April 18623. Shiloh, TN: April 1862a. Gens. Johnston and Beauregard attack a. Gens. Johnston and Beauregard attack Grant to stop his advanceGrant to stop his advance
b. Johnston is killedb. Johnston is killedc. Union reinforcements turn the battlec. Union reinforcements turn the battle
B. Results of the War in the WestB. Results of the War in the West
1. Union took control much 1. Union took control much of the Mississippi Riverof the Mississippi River
2. Confederates fight hard, 2. Confederates fight hard, and slow the Union advanceand slow the Union advance
VI. War in the East: 1862VI. War in the East: 1862VI. War in the East: 1862VI. War in the East: 1862
A. The Battle of the A. The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862
A. The Battle of the A. The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor
vs.the Merrimac
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
1. Marked a change in naval 1. Marked a change in naval warfarewarfare
1. Marked a change in naval 1. Marked a change in naval warfarewarfare
On board the Monitor
B. Peninsula Campaign – Virginia: March – JulyB. Peninsula Campaign – Virginia: March – July
1. Union Gen. McClellan is SLOW to act1. Union Gen. McClellan is SLOW to act
a. has 110,000 mena. has 110,000 men
b. waits in place for one monthb. waits in place for one month
2. Confederates - led by Robert 2. Confederates - led by Robert E. Lee and E. Lee and Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jacksona. much smaller forcea. much smaller force
b. make the Union retreat b. make the Union retreat after a after a series of battlesseries of battles
C. Second Manassas: August, 1862C. Second Manassas: August, 1862
1. Union heads north to D.C. by sea1. Union heads north to D.C. by sea
2. Rebels follow by land 2. Rebels follow by land
3.3. Confederates defeat Union General Confederates defeat Union General PopePope
D. Antietam; Sharpsburg, MD: Sept. 17, 1862 . Antietam; Sharpsburg, MD: Sept. 17, 1862
1. Lee decided to invade the North1. Lee decided to invade the North
2. McClellan back in charge: 2. McClellan back in charge: follows follows slowly slowly 3. Armies meet MD along the 3. Armies meet MD along the Antietam Antietam CreekCreek4. Single bloodiest day of war – 4. Single bloodiest day of war – 23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties5. Confederates retreat 5. Confederates retreat
6. McClellan does not pursue and 6. McClellan does not pursue and
Lincoln fires him againLincoln fires him again
Burnsides’ Bridge
The Dunker Church
“Bloody Lane”
E. Fredericksburg, VA: December, 1862E. Fredericksburg, VA: December, 1862
1. New Union commander – 1. New Union commander – Ambrose E.Ambrose E.BurnsideBurnside2. Confederates 2. Confederates
outnumbered, but dug outnumbered, but dug defenses and wondefenses and won
F.F. The The EmancipationEmancipation Proclamation:Proclamation:
January 1, 1863January 1, 1863
F.F. The The EmancipationEmancipation Proclamation:Proclamation:
January 1, 1863January 1, 1863
1. Frees those slaves living in the 1. Frees those slaves living in the southern statessouthern states2. Lincoln CANNOT enforce this law, 2. Lincoln CANNOT enforce this law, but now the but now the war is being fought to save the war is being fought to save the Union AND end Union AND end slaveryslavery
VII. A Critical Year: 1863
A. Chancellorsville, VA: May, 1863A. Chancellorsville, VA: May, 1863
1. New Union commander – 1. New Union commander – Joseph Hooker: Joseph Hooker: very cautious commandervery cautious commander
2. Considered Lee’s greatest victory2. Considered Lee’s greatest victory
a. innovative strategy: Split a. innovative strategy: Split his armyhis army even though he was even though he was outnumberedoutnumbered3. Stonewall Jackson 3. Stonewall Jackson
accidentally shot accidentally shot by his own men – diesby his own men – dies
B. Vicksburg, MS: 1863B. Vicksburg, MS: 1863
1. Confederate stronghold on 1. Confederate stronghold on the the Mississippi RiverMississippi River
2. Grant in command – city 2. Grant in command – city falls after a falls after a three-month siegethree-month siege
3. Confederacy is split 3. Confederacy is split && Union Union controls controls entire MS Riverentire MS River
C. Gettysburg, PA : 1863C. Gettysburg, PA : 1863C. Gettysburg, PA : 1863C. Gettysburg, PA : 1863
1. New Union commander – George Meade1. New Union commander – George Meade
2. Three day battle, decisive Union victory2. Three day battle, decisive Union victory
a. Day 1 – maneuvering for positiona. Day 1 – maneuvering for position
b. Day 2 – Little Round Top b. Day 2 – Little Round Top ( Joshua L. ( Joshua L. Chamberlain Chamberlain && 20th 20th Maine)Maine)
c. Day 3 – Pickett’s Chargec. Day 3 – Pickett’s Charge
3. Casualties – about 45,0003. Casualties – about 45,000
a. Deadliest battle in the wara. Deadliest battle in the war
Gettysburg CasualtiesGettysburg CasualtiesGettysburg CasualtiesGettysburg Casualties
“The Slaughter Pens”
Little Round Top Breast Works
“Devils Den”
Virginia “Jenny” Wade “Jenny Wade House”
Killed while caring for her pregnant Sister-in-law and baking bread for Union soldiers
D. Gettysburg . Gettysburg && Vicksburg – Vicksburg – turning points turning points of the Civil Warof the Civil War
1. Lee lost 1/3 of his army 1. Lee lost 1/3 of his army && never again never again mounted a major offensivemounted a major offensive2. Union victories convinced 2. Union victories convinced Britain and Britain and France NOT to recognize the France NOT to recognize the
ConfederacyConfederacy3. Peace movement in the North 3. Peace movement in the North lost its lost its focusfocus4. Loss of the MS River helped 4. Loss of the MS River helped tighten the tighten the North’s grip on the SouthNorth’s grip on the South
*2’s explain to your partner about the *2’s explain to your partner about the role that African Americans played in role that African Americans played in the Union Army and if you feel their the Union Army and if you feel their contributions were important or not.contributions were important or not.
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
The Famous 54The Famous 54thth Massachusetts MassachusettsThe Famous 54The Famous 54thth Massachusetts Massachusetts
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shawto Col. Robert Gould Shaw
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shawto Col. Robert Gould Shaw
African-Americans in Civil War African-Americans in Civil War BattlesBattles
African-Americans in Civil War African-Americans in Civil War BattlesBattles
Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves
Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service
Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service
The North The North Initiates the Initiates the Draft, Draft, 18631863
The North The North Initiates the Initiates the Draft, Draft, 18631863
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCNYC
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCNYC
Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)(July 13-16, 1863)NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)(July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)(July 13-16, 1863)NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)(July 13-16, 1863)
A “Pogrom” Against BlacksA “Pogrom” Against BlacksA “Pogrom” Against BlacksA “Pogrom” Against Blacks
Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South
VIII. Slowly toward the endVIII. Slowly toward the end
A. Union steadily defeats A. Union steadily defeats Confederates in Confederates in GA and TNGA and TN
1. Chattanooga, TN falls to 1. Chattanooga, TN falls to Grant Grant (November 1863)(November 1863)2. Atlanta, GA captured 2. Atlanta, GA captured && burned by burned by Sherman (late 1864)Sherman (late 1864)
3. 3. Sherman’sSherman’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
3. 3. Sherman’sSherman’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
Sherman’s troops destroying Railroad and Telegraph Lines
Part of Savannah GA
B. Grant takes over Army of the PotomacB. Grant takes over Army of the Potomac
1. war of attrition (total war) – 1. war of attrition (total war) – wear wear down the enemy, but take down the enemy, but take heavy lossesheavy losses2. Wilderness, VA (May 1864) 2. Wilderness, VA (May 1864) Union Union defeat – kept advancingdefeat – kept advancing
3. Cold Harbor, VA (June 1864) 3. Cold Harbor, VA (June 1864) Union Union defeat – kept advancingdefeat – kept advancing
4. Petersburg, VA – major railroad center4. Petersburg, VA – major railroad center
a. longest siege in American a. longest siege in American history history began - June 1864began - June 1864
b. July 1864 – Battle of the Craterb. July 1864 – Battle of the Crater
c. Confederates abandon c. Confederates abandon Petersburg Petersburg – – April 1865April 1865
Union Pontoon Bridge
Ruins at Petersburg
Inside the Confederate Fortifications
Confederate Trenches
1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)
George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)
The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham
Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham
PresidentPresidential ial
Election Election Results:Results:
18641864
PresidentPresidential ial
Election Election Results:Results:
18641864
C. The Final Campaign: 1864-1865C. The Final Campaign: 1864-1865C. The Final Campaign: 1864-1865C. The Final Campaign: 1864-1865
1. Confederates tried to retreat 1. Confederates tried to retreat && obtain obtain supplies along the waysupplies along the way
2. Union army follows2. Union army follows
3. Richmond, VA falls 3. Richmond, VA falls && CSA CSA army heads army heads westwesta. Davis wants a guerilla wara. Davis wants a guerilla war
b. Lee refusesb. Lee refuses
4. Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox: April 9,, 1865
4. Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox: April 9,, 1865
The Progress of War: 1861-The Progress of War: 1861-18651865
The Progress of War: 1861-The Progress of War: 1861-18651865
Casualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both Sides
D. Total Casualties: 680,000
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
1. Ford’s Theater 1. Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
1. Ford’s Theater 1. Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
Presidential BoxAt
Ford’s Theatre
The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin
John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth
The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination
WANTED !!WANTED !!WANTED !!WANTED !!
Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution
Comparisons between Lincoln and KennedyBoth last names contain 7 letters Both succeeded by Southerners named
Johnson
Lincoln ran for Congress in 1846 (lost)Kennedy ran for Congress in 1946 (won)
Andrew Johnson (Lincoln) born in 1808, House of Representatives in 1847
Lincoln (1856) and Kennedy (1956) failed to win the VP nomination
Lyndon Johnson (Kennedy) born in 1908, House of Representatives in 1947
Lincoln elected president in 1860Kennedy elected president in 1960
Both assassinated by Southerners, with 3 names and 15 letters total
Lincoln defeated Douglas, born in 1813Kennedy defeated Nixon, born in 1913
John Wilkes Booth born in 1838,Lee Harvey Oswald born in 1939
Both concerned with civil rights Booth ran from a theatre and hid in a tobacco barn
Both first ladies last children while living in the White House
Oswald ran from a warehouse and hid in a theatre
Both were shot on a Friday, in the head, with their wives present, and fell onto them
Both assassins were killed before they stood trial Booth (Boston Corbett)Oswald (Jack Ruby)
Both assassinations were thought to be part of a larger conspiracy.
Lincoln was shot in Ford’s Theatre, Kennedy was shot in a Lincoln, which was a car made by Ford.
Lincoln died at age 56, Kennedy died at age 46
Atrocities Atrocities of theof the
Civil WarCivil War
The Massacre at Fort Pillow, The Massacre at Fort Pillow, TNTN
(April 12, 1864)(April 12, 1864)
The Massacre at Fort Pillow, The Massacre at Fort Pillow, TNTN
(April 12, 1864)(April 12, 1864)
Nathan Bedford Forrest(Captured Fort Pillow)
Nathan Bedford Forrest(Captured Fort Pillow)
262 African-Americans262 African-Americans
295 white Union295 white Unionsoldiers.soldiers.
Ordered black soldiers Ordered black soldiers murdered after theymurdered after theysurrendered! [many surrendered! [many white soldiers killed aswhite soldiers killed aswell]well]
Became the first GrandBecame the first GrandWizard of the Ku KluxWizard of the Ku KluxKlan after the war.Klan after the war.
262 African-Americans262 African-Americans
295 white Union295 white Unionsoldiers.soldiers.
Ordered black soldiers Ordered black soldiers murdered after theymurdered after theysurrendered! [many surrendered! [many white soldiers killed aswhite soldiers killed aswell]well]
Became the first GrandBecame the first GrandWizard of the Ku KluxWizard of the Ku KluxKlan after the war.Klan after the war.
Confederate Prison Camp
at Point Lookout, MD
Confederate Prison Camp
at Point Lookout, MD
Planned to hold 10,000 men.Planned to hold 10,000 men.
Had almost 50,000 at one Had almost 50,000 at one time.time.
Planned to hold 10,000 men.Planned to hold 10,000 men.
Had almost 50,000 at one Had almost 50,000 at one time.time.
Point Lookout MemorialPoint Lookout Memorialof 4,000 Dead Rebel Prisonersof 4,000 Dead Rebel Prisoners
Point Lookout MemorialPoint Lookout Memorialof 4,000 Dead Rebel Prisonersof 4,000 Dead Rebel Prisoners
Union Prison CampUnion Prison Campat Andersonville, GAat Andersonville, GAUnion Prison CampUnion Prison Camp
at Andersonville, GAat Andersonville, GA
Tent City
Original Andersonville PlanOriginal Andersonville PlanOriginal Andersonville PlanOriginal Andersonville Plan
Planned to hold 10,000 men.Planned to hold 10,000 men.
Had over 32,000 at one timeHad over 32,000 at one time..
Planned to hold 10,000 men.Planned to hold 10,000 men.
Had over 32,000 at one timeHad over 32,000 at one time..
Distributing “Rations”Distributing “Rations”Distributing “Rations”Distributing “Rations”
Union “Survivors”Union “Survivors”Union “Survivors”Union “Survivors”
Union Prisoner’s Union Prisoner’s RecordRecord
atatAndersonvilleAndersonville
Union Prisoner’s Union Prisoner’s RecordRecord
atatAndersonvilleAndersonville
Burying Dead Union POWsBurying Dead Union POWsBurying Dead Union POWsBurying Dead Union POWs
Andersonville CemeteryAndersonville CemeteryAndersonville CemeteryAndersonville Cemetery
Field Ambulance and Crew
Field Hospital
Surgeon’s Kit
Clara Barton“The Angel of the
Battlefield”
Founder of the American Redcross
