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15
Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.
Univ. Tokyo
Vol. pp.
* e-mail : [email protected]
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
Since , crustal deformation at and around the Yake-dake volcano in the Hida mountains,
central Japan, has been measured by the geodetic survey with a Global Positioning System (GPS),
and the temperatures of fumaroles at the Yake-Dake volcano have been measured with a radiation
thermometer since . The GPS network, established at and around the Yake-dake volcano, Hida
mountains, and in the Matsumoto basin, consists of five observation stations : Yake-dake, Kamiko-
chi, Nakao, Kurio, and Shinshu University (Matsumoto city). The Yake-dake station is located at the
Yake-dake observation platform, which is near the top of the mountain, and the Kamikochi and the
Nakao stations are located at the foot of the volcano. The Kurio station is located at the middle foot
of Mt. Nishihotaka-dake, and its altitude ( m, WGS ) is almost the same as that of Yake-dake
station ( m). Observed data were analyzed using the broadcast ephemeris and the default
meteorological values with the double di erence technique.
From the present GPS measurements, it was found that, for the baseline between Yake-dake
and Kurio, about . km in length in the north-south direction, the temporal change of baseline
length during the twelve years from to contracted cm ( ppm), and the variation of
upheaval at Yake-dake became cm during the same period, when fixed at Kurio (Nishihotaka-
dake). On the other hand, for the baseline between Kamikochi and Nakao, located at the foot of the
Yake-dake volcano, about . km toward the northwest-southeast direction, the temporal change of
baseline length became within cm ( ppm) during the sixteen years from to . Crustal
deformation at and around the Yake-dake volcano during the last sixteen years, , and
temperatures of fumaroles at the Yake-dake volcano during the last fifteen years, are
reported and discussed in the present study.
: Yake-dake volcano, GPS, crustal movement, fumarole temperature
*
Yoshio Sumino*, Shouhei Umeda, Yuichirou Kikuchi, Koji Miyata, Akinori Kimoto, Junna
Shibata, Akira Oishi, Yushi Sato, Keiichi Ogai, Yasuhisa Tuzuki, Tomotake Ueno, Gaku
Yurimoto, Yuki Shimada, Hiroki Takayama, Kazunori Kobayashi, Yoji Shimada and
Shigeki Hosokawa
Abstract
Key words
GPS
Measuring Crustal Movements with GPS and Tempera-
ture of Fumaroles with Radiation Thermometer at
Volcano Yake-Dake, Hida Mountains, Central Japan
( )
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after Harayama ( , ). The cross-section between
Fig. . The locations of GPS stations of Shinshu Fig. . The locations of GPS stations of Shinshu Uni-
University used in the present study at and around versity used in the present study at and around the
the Yake-dake Volcano in the Hida mountains and Yake-dake Volcano. YKD shows Yake-dake. KRO
in the Matsumoto basin. YKD shows Yake-dake ; shows Kurio, located at the middle foot of Mt.
KRO, Kurio ; NKO, Nakao ; KMK, Kamikochi ; SHU, Nishihotaka-dake. NKO and KMK show Nakao and
Shinshu University. HIDA MTS shows the Hida Kamikochi, respectively, located at the middle foot
mountains and MB shows the Matsumoto basin. of the Yake-dake Volcano. Each station is plotted
ISTL is the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line called on a map that is simplified from the geological map
the East Matsumoto Basin Fault at the Matsumoto
basin. A and B is shown at right corner in this figure.
m
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m
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GPS
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GPS
Fig. . Epicenter distribution of the northern part of
Nagano Prefecture from Jan. -Dec. , M ,
determined by the Earthquake Research Institute,
University of Tokyo (Tsukuda, ). Straight line
connecting Kurio (KRO) and Shinshu University
(SHU) shows the baseline in the present study. A
shows the epicenters of the Hida earthquake
swarm.
GPS
; GPS
YKD, :
NKO, :
KMK, :
KRO, :
YKD
NKO
KMK
KRO
km,
km . Ma
Murai Yamada : NKO
YKD KMK
Yamazaki,
GPS
SHU :
m
;
GPS
Murai Yamada
GPS
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-
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Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Shinshu-University
(SHU) sites for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
TRIMVEC Ver. . ; Trimble Navigation,
M .
: :
A
GPS
M .
.
GPS T km,
km
M .
GPS
M .
M . M .
M .
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YKD
SHU
A mm
M
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; SHU
KRO
M .
GPS
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GPS
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Nakao (NKO) and Shinshu-University
(SHU) sites for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kamikochi (KMK) and Shinshu-University
(SHU) sites for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
YKD KRO
KMK
SHU
mm a
YKD KRO
km m
KRO
SHU
mm
+33, ,**2
/
+330 ,**2 +332
0
+33. ,**2 +332
2
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0 +332 0
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1 ,**+ +330
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Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kurio (KRO) and Shinshu-University(SHU)
sites for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Kurio (KRO) sites
for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
KMK NKO
YKD KMK
KRO YKD
YKD
KRO YKD
YKD NKO
1
+33. ,**2 +332
2
+330 ,**2 +332
+.
+-
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3
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,*** +33, ,**+
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,**-
++ ++ +331 ,**-
,**2 ,**- ,**2
+,
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21
GPS
Fig. . Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the north-south direction of GPS
coordinates at Yake-dake (YKD) site, when fixed at Kurio (KRO). Upward shows to north. A
shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the east-west direction of GPS
coordinates at Yake-dake (YKD) site, when fixed at Kurio(KRO). Upward shows to east. A
shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of vertical component in GPS coordinates at Yake-dake (YKD) site, when fixed
at Kurio(KRO). Upward shows to upheaval. A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
+33, ,**2
3
+332
+*
+332
++
+332
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22
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Nakao (NKO) sites
for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Kamikochi (KMK)
sites for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
KMK
KMK
A NKO
KMK
KMK
+,
+33, ,**2 +332
+-
+33, ,**2 +332
+33, +33.
+331 +332 +331
+332 0
+332 2 ,**-
+332 0 +1
+. +33. ,**2
+/ +0 ,**,
+/ ,**- ,**-
+33. +332
,**- ,**2
+0
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GPS
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kamikochi (KMK) and Nakao (NKO) sites
for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the north-south direction of GPS
coordinates at Kamikochi (KMK) site, when fixed at Nakao (NKO). Upward shows to north. A
shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
KMK KRO
NKO KRO
TR-
b m
. m
mm mm
T, W, X, Y, Z
+33, ,**2
+.
+33, ,**2 +332
+/
+332
+3
+2
+330 +30-
,**2
+33. ,**,
,**. */+* 2 +-
,**, /* +*** * 1/ ++
,**- . + + -
,**- ,*
,**- ,**2 +32, ,*
/
m
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24
Fig. . Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the east-west direction of GPS
coordinates at Kamikochi (KMK) site, when fixed at Nakao (NKO). Upward shows to east. A
shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of vertical component in GPS coordinates at Kamikochi (KMK) site,
when fixed at Nakao (NKO). Upward shows to upheaval. A shows the beginning of the
Hida earthquake swarm.
GPS
. m
W X-
X- T
Y- Y- Z
U A
WW
GPS
+0
+332
+1
+332
* 1/ + ,**- 0 +*
+ , ,**. +* ,
-1
+ , ,+ ,2 +332 2
+ ,
+ - ,+
+3++ ,2
0
s
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GPS
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Nakao (NKO) and Kurio (KRO) sites for
. A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kamikochi (KMK) and Kurio (KRO) sites
for . A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
m
W
XX-- XX-- TT m
X- T
X-
m YY-- YY--
X- Y-
Y-
+33, ,**2
+2
+330 ,**2 +332
+3
+33. ,**2 +332
-1 0 1
/
,+
-* 0* 3*
--11 ++ ,, /*
-1
+ ,.
,, +
.* ++ ,,
,**, , + ,/
,- +30, ,
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26
Fig. . The locations of fumaroles at the Yake-dake
Volcano used in the present study.
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (W) for . A shows the
beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
m, m
Y-
ZZ Z
Z
UU U
U
YKD
KRO YKD
KRO km
m
mm,*
,+ +33- ,**2
+332
+/ +*
, ,0
,1
+332 2 +
3* +** +332 +*
+,* ,1
+3++
,***
,2
+33,
,**2 +0 +332
. ,-
+
+330 ,**, 1
,**,
1
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27
GPS
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (X- ) for .
A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (X- ) for .
A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (T) for .
A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
+33, ,**2
,, + +33- ,**,
+332
,- , +33- ,**2
+332
,. +33- ,**2
+332
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28
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (Y- ) for .
A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (Y- ) for .
A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
KMK
YKD
KRO cm
YKD KMK km
KRO
cm ;
KMK
KMK NKO
km cm
NKO SHU YKD
,/ + +33- ,**,
+332
,0 , +33- ,**2
+332
+.
2
,*** +332 0 +
,*** +
3 +* +
+331 .
,**2 . +333 ,*** +333
++
+332 2 +
+332 0
/ +
+33. +330
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29
GPS
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (Z) for .
A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Fig. . Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (U) for .
A shows the beginning of the Hida earthquake swarm.
Table . GPS station coordinates (WGS ) used in the present study.
+33, ,**2
,1 +33- ,**2
+332
,2 +33- ,***
+332
+ 2.
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pp. .
.
.
pp. .
GPS
.
.
.
.
.
.
pp. .
.
.
.
Murai, I., , A brief note on the eruption of the Yake-Dake
Volcano of June , , ,
.
K-Ar
.
.
.
NKO KMK KRO
GPS
a, b
A
A
Z
GPS
Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.,
-*** , 22
+33* /
+ + +1/
+33.
21 23
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/ +
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+33, +33. .*3 .+,
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-- 0,
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+
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, +1 ,3
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++ +3
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,
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31
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Yamazaki, F., , A wall-like low-Q zone beneath the Yake-
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. B- .
a, GPS
. B- .
b,
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Trimble Navigation, , TRIMVEC-PLUS GPS Yamada, T., , Report of the activity of Yakedake
Trimble Navigation Ltd., p. Volcano, central Japan. Jour. Fac. Liberal Arts and Sci.,
Shinshu Univ., , .
A pp. . dake volcano. Central Japan, , .
(Received July , )
B- (Accepted November , )
J. Phys. Earth,
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