CHAPTER 26 – SECTION 1:ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

vs.

What is the Cold War?

Intense political conflict Military tensions and competition

around the globeNuclear arms buildup: the “bomb”

Increased economic competitionCapitalism vs. Communism

No direct fighting on a battlefield Rise of “superpowers”

vs.

vs.

Why did the Cold War start? USSR and USA have different ideas

about what the world should be like, both economically and politically

USA wants:Spread of democracy and capitalismWorldwide trade and global markets Rebuilding of EuropeFree exchange of ideasFreedom of expression around the globe

The American Dream!

Why did the Cold War start? USSR wants:

Secure the borders to prevent another invasion

Spread of Communism and the associated ideology around the globe

Desires to install their own governments in countries in order to control them

Wants to crush all opposition to the Communist Part○ Killing of countless people for speaking

out

Why did the Cold War start? Roots of the Cold War are planted

during WWII Soviet Union starts to become

suspicious of western powers Stalin angry with how United States

handled some key issuesThought we took too long to invade

EuropeKeeping the development of the

atomic bomb so secret

Why did the Cold War start? Post World War II Climate – A Quick

SynopsisWestern Europe is in shamblesTruman is now presidentStalin promises free elections in Poland

and Eastern EuropeConquered Germany needs a new

government

What Happens Next?

United Nations is formed in April of 1945Designed to be a peacekeeping

organizationFifty countries form the UN in 1945

The War in Europe is over: Someone has to pay

The Potsdam ConferenceJuly of 1945Stalin wants reparations for his lossesReparations will come from occupation

zones

What Happens Next?

Eastern Europe is important to both sidesRaw materials and resources

Stalin had promised free elections at YaltaDoes not happen

Soviet Union installs friendly governmentsCome to be known as satellite nations

Stalin now sees our systems as incompatible War inevitable

What is the Western Response? George Kennan and the Long

TelegramPolicy of containmentExplained some Soviet viewpoints

Containment is preventing the expand of Communism beyond its current bordersOur job is to protect countries from

Communism End up losing Eastern Europe to

communismPrevent the spread in other parts of

the world

What is the Western Response? Churchill goes to Westminster

He was there to receive an honorary degree

○ “…From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”

○ Was referring to the division that became apparent

○ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8_wQ-5uxV4

What is the Western Response? Truman saw economic aid as the first

line of defense Britain had been providing aid to

countriesRan out of money

Truman asks for $400 million$3.9 billion today

Truman seeks a policy to support “free peoples”

This will become the Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine

Aiding people who try to overthrow pro-communist governments

Notes conflict with Soviet Union Rejects accommodation with Soviet

Union Avoids direct confrontation with

Soviet Union Reflects our missionary aspect of

foreign policy Covert operations through the CIA

Early Usage of the CIA Covert operations to prevent the

spread of communism Covert ops in 48 countries in the first

ten years of it’s existence Tim Weiner’s Legacy of Ashes

Incredible history of the CIA from its inception

Takes you on a roller coaster rideContains lots of recently declassified

informationAlmost reads like a thriller

“Protector of Freedom and Capitalism”

Economic Recovery Plan Also called the Marshall Plan Aid Europe in rebuilding infrastructure Europe asks for $22 billion

We give $14 billion to 17 nations Guess What? It works

Communism falls from favor Europe flourishes

In 1952 the ECSC is formedIn 1958 the ECM is foundedThese organizations lay the groundwork for

the EU

Other forms of Aid

World Bank is founded in 1945Develops transportation, health care,

and education in poor and developing countries

Does this through loans International Monetary Fund is

founded in 1945Promotes exchange rates and

monetary policyOffers loans (with certain conditions)

to poorer countries

Struggle for power in Germany In 1948, the Allies sought the unification

of GermanyUnified Germany is stronger for Europe and

World Soviets want a fractured Germany

Fractured Germany is weak Allies seek to unify their zones of

occupationNo agreement was signed Stalin sees a loopholeBerlin Blockade starts

The Berlin Airlift Airlift starts in June of 1948 Nearly 5000 tons of supplies daily Crews drop candy and presents from

their planes In 327 days, USA and G.B.:

277,000 flights2.3 million tons of supplies

We were bringing more by plane than rail

Airlift ends in May of 1949

Split into East and West Germany Federal Republic of

Germany in May of 1949Bundesrepublik

DeutschlandWest Germany

Few months later the German Democratic RepublicDeutsche

Demokratische Republik

East Germany

Formation of NATO Berlin Blockade scared Europe Need a way to defend ourselves North Atlantic Charter is signed which

forms NATOApril 4th, 1949

Ended hopes of isolationism Big shift in foreign policy for United

States Greece and Turkey join in 1952 West Germany joins in 1955

Evolution of the United States Armed Forces Strategy was no longer a

conventional military Put all of our focus into the “bomb” Size of the military shrank

drasticallyFrom 10 million troops to 2 million

Air Force is created to deliver the bomb

We needed a new bomber to deliver the bomb to the Soviet Union

Development of a New Bomber Development of

the B-52 Went ahead with

the B-36Propeller based

planeJet AgeBecame obsolete

very quickly Charges of wasteful

spending from other departments