Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 1

Water Information Portal Site for More Efficient & Sustainable Water Resources Management

May 5, 2010 Tomoyuki OKADA

Deputy Director, River Planning Division, River Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

Japan

Chikugo River (1953)

Tone River (1947)

Tennessee River (1946) Columbia River (1861)

(Day)

Jouganji

Yoshino Shinano Rhone

Loire Colorado

Mekong

Nile

Mississippi Amazon

Kiso

Elevation (m)

1,000

800

600

400

200

0 200 100 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 Distance from mouth (km)

2

Source: Japan’s water and dams (Japan Dam Association)

Japanese rivers are steep.

Difficult-to-control Japanese rivers

Source: (Japanese rivers) Annual Flow Tables 1994-2003 and River Data Book (Overseas rivers) Water Resources in Japan 1995 (MLIT)

Kishi River

Ordinary Flood (June 20, 2001)

Japanese river flows fluctuate significantly.

Thames Danube Mississippi

Tone Kiso

1/79 1/35 Ratio:1/100

1/8 1/4 1/3

Yodo

Minimum flow Seine

Mogami Tone

Maximum flow

Japanese rivers have high flood peaks.

3

Unstable water resources

Annual average

100-year trend

Annual Precipitation in Japan

Year

0 1 year 2-3 years 4-7 years 8+ years

Number of Drought Year (1988-2007) • Annual precipitation shows downward trend

and more fluctuation. • Many parts of Japan have been hit by droughts.

The colored area shows that municipal water supply was halted or reduced. Source: Water Resources in Japan 2009 (MLIT) Source: JMA data at 51 observation stations modified by MLIT

Change in Springtime Rainfall (Average of 2080-2099) / (Average of 1979-1998)

Source: Water Resources in Japan 2007 (MLIT)

Springtime: March through June

Calculated area: 109 first-class river basins

Future/Present 1.4 1.2 Future/Present < 1.4 1.0 Future/Present < 1.2 0.8 Future/Present < 1.0 Future/Present < 0.8

Future-Present Ratio

Climate change impact on water resources

Chang in Annual Snowfall (Average of 2081–2100) – (Average of 1981–2000)

Source: Global Warming Projection Vol. 6 (JMA) Converted equivalent rainfall (mm)

Future snowfall is projected to decrease in North Japan.

4

PresenterPresentation NotesFuture rainfall in spring season would decrease in the river basins shown in yellow. This could affect rice cultivation which requires a large amount of water for paddy fields in spring.

5 http: //www5. river. go. jp/

Water information portal site

• Rainfall River flow Drought

• Flood hazard map

• Water quality

• River environment

• Data search

• References

National Land with Water Information

Providing Data

• Nationwide data collection networks • Real time data • Free access via the Internet

• Nationwide real-time meteorological and hydrological data, and their archives • Telemetry data collected from 9,000 rainfall and 5,800 river flow gauge stations • Access through computers and cell phones 24 hours a day

Rainfall Amount

Real time water information

River Water Level & Flow Volume

Computer Cell Phone Water level Kurihashi Station Tone River As of September 25th 16:10 Current Water Level: -1.50m Flood Preparation: 2.70m Flood Warning : 5.00m Evacuation : 8.00m Flood Danger : 8.50m Riverbank Design : 9.90m 1 Hour Record Water Level (m) Change 16:10 -1.50 16:00 -1.50 15:50 -1.49 15:40 -1.49 15:30 -1.49 15:20 -1.49 15:10 -1.49

Rainfall Total Rainfall

Water Level

Flow Volume

20088月末rainfall時には260万pv/ 日のアクセス

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

May 20 Typhoon No.4

June 21 Heavy Rain

July 28 Heavy Rain

August 29 Heavy Rain

September 19 Typhoon No.13

February 21 North Japan Snow Storm

Rainfall of 146 mm/hour caused flood near Nagoya City.

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Month (Year 2008)

Number of access to river information portal

Access (million/day)

The Internet access spikes during natural disasters.

8

Eight reservoirs in the Upper Tone River Basin supply water to the Tokyo Metropolitan area more than 200 days a year, making 3-day forecasts in consideration of their turnover rates and distances from water intakes.

Different turnover rates of dam reservoirs

Integrated dam management

Aimata Fujiwara Yagisawa Naramata

x 9 x 9 x 4 x 2

Shimokubo Sonohara Kusaki

x 32 x 2 x 7

Annual inflow to reservoir

Reservoir volume for water use (million m3)

Reservoir turnover rate

13

20 31 116 85

120 51

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

River

Dam

Riverside Reservoir

Dam Catchment Area

Upper Tone River Basin (8,588 km2)

1 2

3 4

5

6

7

Minimum flow 80-120 m3/s

8

Assessment of chronological changes in river environment by comprehensive and periodical surveys

All 109 first-class river systems and 97 dam reservoirs administered by the central government

The Census started in1990 and three rounds of 5-year survey were completed.

Fish, Benthic animal, Plant, Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Mammal, Insect, and Zoo/Phyto-plankton (in reservoirs)

National Census on River Environment

GIS-based land cover & habitat map

Survey Category

Survey Record

Survey Area

Purpose

9

1st Round Survey

（1990-1995）

2nd Round Survey

（1996-2000）

3rd Round Survey

(2001-2005)

Source： National Census on River Environment (MLIT)

Chronological habitat change

The habitat boundaries of Indian Fritillary living in tropical and temperate areas are gradually shifting to the north.

Indian Fritillary (Argyreus hyperbius)

First-class River

10

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Necessary Water Depth

Necessary Flow Velocity

From the point of fish habitat, minimum in-stream flows are calculated based on water depth and flow velocity necessary for index species’ spawning, migration, etc.

Minimum in-stream flow Estimation of minimum in-stream flow considers:

• Habitat conservation • Fishery • Water quality standard • Navigation • Others

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sweetfish Migration, Inhabit Spawn

Cherry Salmon Juvenile fish Migration, Inhabit Spawn Egg

Japanese Dace Inhabit Spawn Inhabit

30cm 15cm

30cm/s 60cm/s 11

Sweetfish

Cherry Salmon

Japanese Dace

12

Data integration by common platform

Hydrological Data

Weather Data

Topographic Data

Socioeconomic Data

Uniform database interface, Automatic data retrieval

Data analysis

CommonMP

GIS output

Existing databases are connected by Common Modeling Platform (CommonMP) for water-material circulation analysis.

Databases

• Lack of observation stations and data • High cost of data collection • System maintenance

Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) enables flood forecast using freely available data.

Analysis

Output on Google Earth

Efficient data collection and analysis

Data Input Modeling Analysis Output

Satellite/Ground-Based Rainfall Data

Issues

Global GIS Data Land Cover, Geology, etc.

13

Water Information Portal Site�for More Efficient & Sustainable�Water Resources ManagementSlide Number 2Unstable water resourcesSlide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Number of access to river information portalSlide Number 8National Census on River EnvironmentSlide Number 10Slide Number 11Data integration by common platformSlide Number 13