What organelles are a part of the endomembrane system?

Bellwork

Origin and Evolution of

the Eukaryotic

Cell

• Progression of life•Elements combined into inorganic molecules• Inorganic molecules combined to make organic molecules•Organic molecules came together in organized patters to make protocells• Aka: coacervates

•Protocells developed into prokaryotes as internal structures became more complex• RNA contributed to making of

macromolecules

Review & Background

Target #10- I can identify what a eukaryote cell evolved from• The fossil record, which is based on the remains of ancient life, suggests that the first cells were prokaryotes•Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes• Most closely related to Archaea• Unicellular organisms found in a

variety of places like soil, digestive systems, extreme environments, etc.

• Most likely occurred in stages

Checking for Understanding

•What type of prokaryote did eukaryotes most likely evolve from?

• The precursor to eukaryotes, archaea, were most likely simple organisms•Resembled bacteria•Had a plasma membrane but no internal membranes• Plasma membrane would have

provided all membrane-dependent functions like energy production and lipid formation• Can be accomplished by the high

surface area to volume ratio• On average, would have been

1000x smaller than modern eukaryotes

Target #11- I can describe the precursor to eukaryotes

Target #12- I can describe the formation of the endomembrane system in eurkaryotes

• Membrane-bound organelles are thought to have arisen in at least 2 ways•The nuclear membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes are believed to have originated by the enfolding of the plasma membrane• Hypothesis based on the connectivity that

occurs between each organelle• All a part of the endomembrane system

Checking for Understanding

•How did the components of the endomembrane system first evolve?

Target #13- I can explain the endosymbiotic theory•Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved differently•Each have their own genetic material• They can make their own proteins• Bacterium have similar genetic information• indicates that mitochondria and chloroplasts

evolved from bacteria

•Mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by the eukaryote cells• Lived symbiotically• Explains the double membrane of both

organelles

Checking for Understanding

•Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane?

1. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and structure

2. Both organelles are bound by a double membrane• The outer membrane derived

from the plasma membrane of the eukaryote

• The inner membrane original plasma membrane of the original prokaryote

3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material that forms a loop• Structure similar to DNA in

bacteria

Target #14- I can list the evidence for the endo-symbiotic Theory

4. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes and produce their own proteins• The ribosomes resemble

those found in prokaryotes

5. The RNA sequence of the ribosomes in chloroplasts and mitochondria also suggest a prokaryote origin

Target #14- cont