CHAPTER FIVEThe Classical Period:

Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E.

World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Expansion and IntegrationII. Beyond the Classical CivilizationsIII. Decline in India and ChinaIV. Decline and Fall in RomeV. The New Religious Map

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Expansion and Integration

SynthesisConfucius (ca. 551–478 B.C.E.), LaoziBuddha (ca. 566–480 B.C.E.)Socrates (ca. 469–399 B.C.E.)

Unification of territorypolitical, legal, commercial networkssocial aspect

inequalitiesuprisings

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

Independent developmentsc. 600 C.E.

A. Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper Nile Region

Kushby 1000 B.C.E.

Axumconquers Kush by 300 B.C.E.

Ethiopiaconquest of Axum

Trade with Mediterraneansome converts to JudaismChristianity by 300 C.E.

West Africasouthern fringe of Sahararegional kingdomsGhana

Egypt, Kush and Axum

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

Independent developmentsc. 600 C.E.

A. Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper Nile Region

Kushby 1000 B.C.E.

Axumconquers Kush by 300 B.C.E.

Ethiopiaconquest of Axum

Trade with Mediterraneansome converts to JudaismChristianity by 300 C.E.

West Africasouthern fringe of Sahararegional kingdomsGhana

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

B. Asia

Japanagriculture well-established by 200 C.E.regional states, c. 300 C.E.writing introduced 400 C.E.Shintoism

organized by 700 C.E.state formation by 600 C.E.

East Asia at the End of the Classical Period

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

C. Northern EuropeGermanic, Celtic, Slavic peoples

loose kingdomsoral culturesimple agriculturesailinganimistic

Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

D. Central America

Olmec, c. 800–400 B.C.E.no writingpyramidsagriculture

especially cornpotatoes in Andes

domestication of animalsturkeys, dogs

calendarslegacy to successor cultures

TeotihuacanMaya

from 400 C.E.

Civilizations of Central and South America

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

E. South AmericaAncestors of Inca

Peru, Bolivia

F. PolynesiaIsolationFiji, Samoa by 1000 B.C.E.Hawaii by 400 C.E.

G. NomadsCentral Asia

Asia to Middle East trade

The Spread of Polynesian Peoples

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Decline in India and China

A. ChinaHan Dynasty

decline ca. 100 C.E.Daoist revival

Yellow Turbans

EpidemicsSui DynastyTang

from 618 C.E.Continuity

Asia, c. 600 C.E.

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Decline in India and China

B. IndiaInvasions from 600 C.E.

Gupta empire destroyedFragmentation

Rajput

Buddhism declines

Hinduismworship of Devi popular

Islamfrom 7th centurycontrol of Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean Trading Routes in the Classical Period

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Decline and Fall in Rome

A. Changes

Leadershipweak emperors

Plagues

Change from republican valueshedonism

Diocletian (284–305 C.E.)emperor worship

Constantine (312–337 C.E.)Constantinople

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Decline and Fall in Rome

B. Two Empires

EasternGreekConstantinoplecontinuity, vigor> Byzantine Empire

WesternLatin, GermanicRomedecline, vulnerable> Western Europe

Justinian (527–565 C.E.)Justinian Code

Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Decline and Fall in Rome

C. Middle EastParthian Empire

Sassanidsfrom 227 C.E.Zoroastrianism

D. North AfricaAugustine

bishop of HippoCoptic church

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. The New Religious Map

Common Featurespietyspiritual focusafterlifeemerge in period of political instability

A. Hinduism, Buddhism, and DaoismBuddhism

changes as it spreadsbodhisattvas

nirvanaMahayana

China, Korea, Japanminority religion

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. The New Religious Map

B. ChristianityInstitutional church

Roman influencepapacybishops

Jesus of NazarethSalvationSpread

Paul

Doctrinetrinity

MonasticismBenedict of Nursia

Rule

Womenspiritual equals of men

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. The New Religious Map

C. IslamLater, 7th century

D. The Spread of Major ReligionsAnimism declines

E. The World Around 500 C.E.