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  • � � ���������Vol. 33, pp. 413�423, 2005

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    Fig. 2. Histology of axial sections of the vertebral body by hematoxylin-eosin staining.

    For measurement, the anterior and posterior parts were divided by the ab

    dotted line. The bar indicates 10 mm.

    A: the center of the vertebral body.

    B: the upper part of the vertebral body.

    Fig. 1. Measurement of the Cobb angle in scoliosis. In

    cases of double curves, the upper and lower

    Cobb angles were measured as a and b in the

    figure.

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    Fig. 5. Histology of axial sections of the Th6 vertebra

    by alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase

    staining.

    A: Low magnified views of alkaline phosphatase

    staining in the axial sections of the Th6 vertebra.

    The bar indicates 10 mm.

    B: Low magnified views of acid phosphatase

    staining in the axial sections of the Th6 vertebra.

    The bar indicates 10 mm.

    C: High magnified views of alkaline phospha-

    tase staining in the axial sections of the Th 6

    vertebra. The bar indicates 100 mm. An arrow

    points to an osteoblast.

    D: High magnified views of acid phosphatase

    staining in the axial sections of the Th6 vertebra.

    The bar indicates 100 mm. An arrow points to an

    osteoclast.

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    1� Machida M, Dubousset J, Imamura Y, IwataT, Yamada T and Kimura J. An experimental

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    12� Machida M, Dubousset J, Imamura Y, IwataT, Yamada T and Kimura J. Role of melatonin

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    Kanemura T, Natsume N and Iwata H. Corre-

    lation between the age of pinealectomy and the

    development of scoliosis in chickens. Spine

    2001; 26: 1014�1021�14� �� ��� 2� � z{|}� �� �� �� � ��� >?�BCDE�)�\]��� ! IGF-1 �¡*+� ¢£�� 2002;17: 3�6�

    15� ¤¥�� z{|}� ��� \]��� �)� IGF-1 ¦T��§¨©w�ª«� ¬E®Q¯v°± 1998; 26: 417�423�

    16� �� z{|}� ��� �� \]��� ²³L�)���¦�&���./�0� ¬E®Q¯v°± 2002; 30: 415�422�

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  • � 2003; 18: 9�13�19� Roaf R. The basic anatomy of scoliosis. JBone Joint Surg 1966; 48: 786�792�

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  • Abstract

    Morphological Study of Scoliotic Spine in Pinealectomized

    Chickens and E#ects of Melatonin and Estradiol

    Yoshiaki Torii1, Haruyasu Kato2, Ritsuko Kaneko1, Kayoko Yamashita1,

    Kazuaki Hirata1, Yutaka Sasao3, Aki Mochizuki3,

    Haruhito Aoki3, and Moroe Beppu3

    Idiopathic scoliois is the most common spinal deformity, but the etiology of the disease remains unclear.

    It has been reported that pinealectomized chicken exhibit a three dimensional spinal deformity without

    malformed vertebra. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism for the development of

    scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens.

    First, we identified the apical vertebra responsible for spinal deformity in pinealectomized chickens.

    Then, we measured the ossification areas and stained areas for osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the vertebral

    body and compared the pinealectomized group with the control group. As a result, we found that a wedge

    deformity of the vertebral body in the pinealectomized chickens appeared in the Th6 vertebra. Ossification

    areas and stained areas for osteoblasts and osteoclasts at that level did not di#er in the anterior part of thevertebra, but were increased in the posterior part in the pinealectomized group compared with the control

    group. In the second thoracic vertebra that was not responsible for spinal deformity, ossification areas did

    not significantly di#er between the two groups.In addition, the prevalence scoliosis were examined after melatonin and estradiol administration. As a

    result, estradiol had a more inhibitory e#ect on scoliosis compared to melatonin.Taken together, there is a possibility that scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens is attributable to an

    imbalance in ossification between the anterior and posterior parts of the Th6 vertebra, which is caused by the

    increased activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the posterior part of the sixth thoracic vertebra. In

    addition, the finding of scoliosis inhibition by estradiol administration suggests the potential contribution to

    elucidation of the mechanism for scoliosis occurrence.

    1 Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine2 Department of Sports medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgey, St. Marianna University School of Medicine

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