ATP and Cellular Respiration• Breakdown of a Glucose Molecule to make ATP so our
cells can perform chemical reactions
THE BASICS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION• Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot make their
own energy and need to consume other organisms to get energy (consumers)– All animals, fungi, and some bacteria are heterotrophs
Why Make ATP?• Referred to as energy currency of the cell• Provide energy for chemical reactions to take place
in our body (cells)
Mitochondria• Site of cellular respiration (where ATP is made)• Conists of – Outer membrane– Inner membrane– Matrix– Cristae
Cellular Respiration Breakdown• Glycolysis– Located in cytoplasm of
cell• Krebs Cycle – Located in Mitochondrial
Matrix• Electron Transport Chain– Located in mitochondrial
cristae
Glycolysis • Breakdown of a single
Glucose molecule• Reactants – Glucose molecule
• Products – 2 pyruvate molecules– 2 ATP molecules• Energy
– 2 NADH molecules• Electron carriers
Pyruvate• Pyruvate can take 2 paths
from this point:1. Aerobic Respiration (with
oxygen) – Pyruvate moves into
mitochondria and ATP is made via Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
2. Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen)– Pyruvate stays in cytoplasm
and is converted into lactic acid -Lactic Acid Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration• Krebs Cycle– Conversion of 2 pyruvate
molecules• Reactants – 2 pyruvate molecules
• Products– 4 CO₂ molecules– 2 ATP molecules
• Energy
– 6 NADH molecules• Electron carriers
– 2 FADH₂• Electron carriers
Aerobic Respiration• Electron Transport Chain– Electrons are transferred to proteins from NADH and FADH₂– Electrons are passed from one protein to the next– Final electron acceptor is Oxygen (O₂)
• Reactants – NADH– FADH₂
• Products – 34 ATP molecules
• Energy
– Water (H₂O)
Anaerobic Respiration• Lactic Acid
Fermentation– Conversion of 2
molecules of pyruvate into lactic acid when oxygen is not present
– Happens during vigorous muscle exercise
– Liver converts lactic acid back into glucose
Anaerobic Respiration • Alcohol Fermentation– Does not occur in
humans– Occurs in yeast when
oxygen is not available• Facultative anaerobes
– Conversion of 2 molecules of pyruvate into ethanol
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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