ATP

ATP & ADP

ATP: Adenine triphosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates Energy storing molecule, only stores energy

for a few minutes Source of all cell energy – “currency” of the

cell; different cell functions require different amounts of ATP

Adenine Ribose3 Phosphate groups

ATP – ADP CYCLE

When one phosphate group breaks off, energy for cell work is released

ADP can reform into ATP by bonding another phosphate group

ADP: Adenosine diphosphate

Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphates

Molecule that results from ATP losing one P

ADP ATP

Energy

Energy

Partiallychargedbattery

Fullychargedbattery

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

How do cells use energy in ATP?

When the phosphate bond is broken, the cell can use the released energy for different processes: In photosynthesis, for making glucose making new molecules - such as enzymes,

cell membrane components, organelles, etc. to maintain homeostasis, transmit nerve

impulses, move cilia, remove wastes, etc.

ATP – ADP cycle in cells In photosynthesis:

ATP is PRODUCED during Light-dependent reactions

ATP is USED during Dark-dependent reactions to make sugar and sustain plant cell functions

In cell respiration: ATP is PRODUCED when breaking down

sugars from food ATP is USED to sustain cell functions

PHOTOSYNTHESIS,RESPIRATION, FERMENTATION

Photosynthesis

process using energy from sunlight to convert water and CO2 into oxygen and carbohydrates (sugar)

Two parts:Light dependent reactions: produce O2 & converts ADP to ATP

Calvin cycle (dark reactions): use ATP from light reactions to produce sugars

Chlorophyll: green pigment inside chloroplasts in plant cells that absorbs blue & red light energy

Moves energy to electrons that drive reactions

ChloroplastChloroplast

Light-Dependent Reactions

CalvinCycle

Sugars

Overview cellular respiration Respiration: process that releases energy

by breaking down food when oxygen is present

Formula: C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Fermentation: respiration without oxygen present

Two types:

Alcoholic: form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products; used to make bread rise

Lactic acid: produces lactic acid in muscles when exercising without enough oxygen

How photosynthesis & respiration relate.

Almost opposite processes

Photosynthesis produce food (store)

Respiration breaks down food (releases)

Photosynthesis uses CO2 and releases O2

Respiration releases CO2 and uses O2

Quiz 4

1. The formula CO2 + H2O --- C6H12O6 + O2 is the formula for ? a. photosynthesis b. respiration

2. ___ is the process which breaks down food molecules to release energy and takes place in the mitochondria.

a. photosynthesis b. digestion c. respiration

3. ___ is formed when ATP releases a phosphate.

a. ADP b. AMP c. APP

4. Fermentation is a form of ___ respiration which occurs without the presence of oxygen.

a. aerobic b. anaerobic c. antioxidant

5. The green pigment which is present in plant cells and allows them to go through photosynthesis is ___.

a. chlorophyll b. chloroplast c. chlorosis