World Geography 3200/3202 Study Guide

Unit #1 Land & Water Forms Chapters1,2,3

1.1 Examine patterns in the location of landforms on the earth's surface (Chapter 1)

1.1.1 Define the term topography (P. 6 & glossary)

1.1.2 Differentiate among the terms hill & mountain as well as plateau, & plain, (P.7)

1.1.3 Draw conclusions about patterns in major land forms on the earth's surface. (P. 7 questions 4-7)

1.2 Understand that the face of the earth is shaped by tectonic activity.

1.2.1 Define the term Lithosphere, mantle & core. (P. 5)

1.2.2 Describe how compressional forces are caused. (P. 11)

1.2.3 Describe how tensional forces are caused. (P.11)

1.2.4 Detect the relationship between selected plate movement to compressional or tensional forces. (P.11 questions #9 &10)

1.3 Understand the relationship between tectonic activity and building up forces

1.3.1 Describe how compressional forces create fold mountains. (P. 13)

1.3.2 Differentiate between the terms anticline & syncline. (P. 13)

1.3.3 Describe how tensional forces create mountains from a normal fault. (P.14)

1.3.4 Describe how compressional forces create mountains from reverse and overthrust faults. (P.14&15)

1.3.5 Define volcano (p.15)

1.3.6 Explain what causes a volcano to erupt. (P.15&16)

1.3.7 Describe the characteristics of an, ash and cinder cone, a shield cone, and a composite cone. (P.16)

1.38 Conclude how the location of volcanoes is related to the location where plates meet. (P 11 question #11)

1.4 Understand how the process of weathering helps wear down the land. (Chapter 2)

1.4.1 Distinguish between weathering & erosion. (P.22-23)

1.4.2 Distinguish between the terms physical weathering & chemical weathering. (P.23)

*1.4.3 Describe the mechanical processes by which physical weathering occurs. (P.23-24)

*1.4.4 Describe the main interactions that result in chemical weathering. (P.24-25)

*1.4.5 Infer how the relationship between environmental conditions and the rate of physical & chemical weathering. (Class notes)

1.5 Understand how running water acts as an agent of erosion and deposition.

1.5.1 Define the term drainage basin. (p. 26)

1.5.2 Describe the three stages in the life cycle of a river. (P.26)

1.5.3 Describe two ways in which water erosion occurs. (P.31)

1.5.4 Define the term Delta. (P.32)

1.5.5 Distinguish among the terms arcuate delta, digitate delta and estuarine delta. (P.32)

1.5.6 Examine evidence to determine the life cycle stage of a river. (P.28 questions #5 & 6)

1.6 Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition.

1.6.1 Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. (P.32)

1.6.2 Define the terms outwash plain, terminal moraine, erratics, drumlins & eskers. (P. 33 question #33)

1.6.3 Examine evidence for the direction of movement of glaciers. (P.34 question # 13)

1.6.4 Define the terms cirque, arete, hanging valley, lateral moraine, and terminal moraine. (P. 36)

1.6.5 Describe how fiords are formed. (P.37)

1.7 Understand how wind acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. (Chapter 3)

1.7.1 Define the terms deflation & abrasion. (P.38-39)

1.7.2 Define the term loess (p.40)

1.7.3 Describe how hamadas are formed. (P.38-39)

1.7.4 Define the term Barchan. (P.40 & p.41)

1.7.5 Distinguish between the term erg & hamadas. (P.40)

1.8 Understand how ocean waves and currents change the face of coastal areas

1.8.1 Describe the three process by which wave action erodes coastal areas. (P.31 same as three for river erosion)

1.8.2 Define the terms bay beach, bay bar and spit. (P. 44-45 & notes)

1.8.3 Describe how sea caves, sea arches and sea stacks are formed. (P. 48)

1.8.4 Analyze the processes that result in the straightening out of an irregular coastline. (P.42 questions # 11 & 12)

1.9 Understand how land forms and water forms influence human activity.

1.9.1 Examine examples to 01

1.9.2 Examine examples to illustrate how land forms and water forms affect accessibility.

1.9.3 Justify a preference for the appeal of selected landforms and water forms.

1.9.4 Propose a solution to a threat posed by selected land and water forms.

Geography 3202 Unit 2 - World Climate Patterns 2.1.1 Distinguish between the terms rotation and revolution. (k) 2.1.2 Explain how cloud cover influences the range of temperatures from day to night. 2.1.3 Define the terms equinox and solstice. 2.1.4 Explain how changes in the seasons, in the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere, relate to the earth’s revolution around the sun. (k) 2.1.5 Describe the factors that account for differences in length of day as seasons change. (k) 2.1.6 Describe the factors that account for differences in temperature as seasons change. 2.2.1 Explain how the greenhouse effect moderates climate. (k) 2.2.2 Generalize that temperatures tend to decrease from low to high latitudes. (a) 2.2.3 Explain how the earth’s shape causes temperatures to decrease from low to high latitudes. (k) 2.2.4 Given selected data, assess the accuracy of temperature descriptions. (i) 2.3.1 Define the term prevailing winds. (k) 2.3.2 Describe conditions that result in land breezes and sea breezes. (k) 2.3.3 State the impact of the coriolis effect on wind direction. (k) 2.3.4 Infer how wind systems relate to major pressure belts. (a) 2.3.5 Explain how wind systems and temperature are related. (k) 2.3.6 Define the terms windward, leeward, and rain shadow. (k) 2.3.7 Examine how the type of rainfall (i.e., orographic, frontal, and convectional) is related to the nature of location. (a) 2.3.8 Explain how wind systems and precipitation are related. (k) 2.4.1 Define the term ocean current. (k) 2.4.2 Analyze how ocean currents can create different climatic conditions for two coastal locations on the same latitude.

2.5.1 Define the term temperature range. (k) 2.5.2 Analyze the relationship between range in temperature and distance from the ocean. (a) 2.5.3 Define the term monsoon. (k) 2.5.4 Explain why winter and summer monsoons occur. (k) 2.5.5 Describe the relationship between seasonal level of precipitation and distance from the ocean. (k) 2.6.1 Define the term elevation. (k) 2.6.2 Describe the relationship between the elevation of a point and its temperature and precipitation. (k) 2.6.3 Analyze the relationship between temperature and precipitation of a point and its location relative to a mountain system. (a) 2.7.1 Given relevant information, determine climatic conditions within selected zones. (a) 2.7.2 Draw conclusions about patterns in the distribution of climatic zones. (a) 2.8.1 Illustrate how human activity is influenced by climatic conditions. (a) 2.8.2 Examine how human activity affects climatic conditions (e.g., greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, global warming). 2.8.3 Argue a preference for the appeal of selected climatic conditions. (i) 2.8.4 Examine how selected climatic phenomena (e.g., El Nino, lake effect, hurricanes) affect human activity. (i) UNIT 3 ECOSYSTEMS Chapters 6 - 7 Unit three PART 1 FOOD CHAINS & FOOD WEBS P.93-95 3. Define Ecosystem 4. Differentiate the terms producers, consumer, decomposers. P. 93 5. Identify examples of producers & consumers 6. Differentiate the terms food web & food chain. P. 94 7. Give an example of a food chain from fig. 6.4. P. 95 8. Draw an example of a food web containing humans. P. 94 PART 2 FOOD PYRAMIDS P.95-98 *9. Using figure 6.5 summarize the main energy flows in an ecosystem p. 95 10 a) Define Food Pyramid b) Why are there fewer organisms at each

trophic level? P. 97 11. Farmer question about energy efficiency P. 97 *12. How do food pyramids help explain DDT amplification? P. 97 13 Blue gill sunfish question . P. 98 This is a sample question. Any question could be asked where

we have to predict possible outcomes. Question #14, 15 & #16 p. 98 make perfect review questions for the test.

PART 3 ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WORLD P. 101 - 107

17. Define “climax vegetation” p. 102 18. Describe “climax vegetation” in coniferous forest. P. 102

19. Analyze world ecosystem map for trends in the world ecosystems. *20. Ecosystems vs. climatic regions p.104

*21 Altitudinal succession vs. latitudinal succession p. 104 *22 Ecosystem vs. climatic conditions p.104 * (#23-25 name that ecosystem lab)

PART 3b ADAPTATIONS TO ECOSYSTEMS 108 - 109

Define adaptation & list examples of adaptations in different ecosystems PART 4 CASE STUDIES ABOUT ECOSYSTEMS (chapter 7) 3.4.1 Draw conclusions about possible short term and long term impacts of a threat to an ecosystem.

*3.4.2 Anticipate actions needed to ameliorate an environmental risk. 3.4.3 Relate climate zones to an area of environmental risk. *3.4.4 Analyze value positions taken on environmental issues. Note: Questions marked * will not be tested on the 3200 test. Unit 4 Ocean Resources Ch. 11 Energy resources Ch. 12 Food Resources 4.1 Analyze selected patterns in the location of off-shore oil reserves. Chapter 11 4.1.1 Describe how oil & gas are formed p. 182 4.1.2 Examine techniques used to locate oil & gas reserves p. 183 *4.1.3 Describe the characteristics of oil that determines its quality p. 182 4.1.4 Given a map determine patterns in offshore oil production p. 184 4.1.5 Given an offshore oil production map explain why certain areas might be more prone to

oil spills. p. 192 4.2 Analyze patterns in the recovery of off-shore oil & gas. Chapter 11 4.2.1 Examine the kinds of technology used to recover offshore oil & gas *4.2.2 Know how trends in world oil or gas prices and government policies influence investor

decisions to commence oil & gas production. 4.2.3 Examine the elements of an offshore oil recovery operation. P. 190

4.3 Understand that environmental risks are associated with the recovery of oil & gas. 4.3.1 Analyze the risk associated with offshore oil production P.192 *4.3.2 Project possible actions needed to avert an environmental disaster in the off-shore 4.4 Analyze selected patterns in the location of fish stocks. Chapter 12 4.4.1 know the location of major fishing grounds p.109-202 4.4.2 Relate location of fishing grounds with continental shelves. 4.4.3 know that some fish species are more commercially viable than others 4.4.4 know the context in which “Biomass” is used. 4.5 Analyze activities associated with harvesting fish resources. P. 205-207 Chapter 12 *4.5.1 List the main Characteristics of the inshore fishery 4.5.2 Describe the elements associated with a fishing operation 4.5.3 Examine trends in fish catches over an extended period of time. P.213 *4.5.4 Describe the uses made of selected fish species 4.5.5 Examine consumer trends and buying patterns 4.5.6 Examine the economic importance of the fishing industry 4.5.7 Demonstrate with examples how cultural expressions relate to the fishery 4.6 Explore issues related to management of the fish resource p.209 -213 Chapter 12 4.6.1 Identify major sources of ocean pollution 4.6.2 Identify the impact of new catch technology on the ocean environment. 4.6.3 Predict possible effects of a declining fish resource on the livelihood of fishers.

Unit 5 (Secondary & Tertiary Activity) Chapters 13 & 14 5.1 Understand What Manufacturing entails p. 216-217 5.1.1 Define “inputs”, “manufacturing processes” & “outputs” 5.1.2 Identify the components of a manufacturing processes. 5.1.3 Examine the concept of profit. 5.2 Types of manufacturing activity p. 217-220 *5.2.1 Define “labor intensive” & “capital intensive” *5.2.2 Analyze a manufacturing process to determine if it is “labor intensive” or “capital intensive” p.

218 5.2.3 Define “Heavy industry” & “Light industry” 5.2.4 Analyze a manufacturing process to determine if it is “light industry” or “heavy industry” p. 218 5.3 Determine the factors that influence the location of industry. P. 224-236 5.3.1 Examine the influence that site conditions may have on the location of an industry. 5.3.2 Define “resource oriented industry” 5.3.3 Define “market oriented industry” 5.3.4 Examine the influence of “weight gain” & “weight loss” on the location of industry. 5.3.5 Define “Agglomerating tendency” 5.3.6 What advantage is there for a business locating in an industrialized area? 5.3.7 What characteristics of a labor force makes it attractive for business? 5.3.8 How might transportation subsidies affect the location of industry? 5.3.9 Draw conclusions about highly industrialized areas on the earth's surface. P. 223 5.4 Examine environmental issues related to industrial activity p.237 5.4.1 Identify the nature of an environmental threat & its underlying causes. P. 237-238 5.4.2 Examine the role of GOVERNMENT and INTEREST GROUPS in the face of environmental threats

posed by industry. 5.4.3 Anticipate the type of actions that should be taken to avert an environmental threat posed by an

industry. 5.4.4 Describe the relationship between the areas at risk and areas of industrial activity. 5.4.5 Analyze selected social/moral issues associated with manufacturing operations. 5.5 Analyse patterns in the location of selected tertiary activities. 5.5.1 Define “tertiary activity” 5.5.2 Distinguish between public & private tertiary activity. 5.5.3 Relate the range of services available in a community to its population size. *5.5.4 Examine Location factors, economic importance and viability issues for a tertiary industry. 5.5.5 Recognize the tertiary industry has expanded significantly in the last 100 years.. 5.5.6 Express a preference for a career choice in Tertiary activity. 5.5.7 Examine Quaternary sector as a specialized part of Tertiary activity 7.1 Distribution of the earth’s Population (Chapter 17, p.300-304) 7.1.1 Define population density, densely populated & sparsely populated.

7.1.2 Identify patterns in distribution of populations on Earth. *7.1.3 Describe the influence of selected factors on population density & distribution. 7.2 Trends in Population growth. (Chapter 18, p.305-307) 7.2.1 Define “Population Growth Rate” 7.2.2 Describe the trends in the size & growth rate of selected populations. *7.2.3 Distinguish among fast, moderate and slow growing populations. *7.2.4 Analyze economic conditions that might affect a countries rate of population growth. 7.2.5 What are your views on controlling population growth. 7.3 Population pyramids & population dynamics (Chapter 18, p.310, 331-336) 7.3.1 Define Natural Chang, natural increase & natural decrease. 7.3.2 Define Population Pyramid. 7.3.3 Classify population pyramids as contracting, expanding or stationary. 7.3.4 Examine the relationship between birthrate, growth rate to determine natural change. 7.3.5 Derive characteristics of a population from its population pyramid. *7.3.6 Examine the relationship between a countries AGR and its standard of living. 7.4 Determine the effect of migration on Population size. (Chapter 19, p. 322-333) 7.4.1 Define migration, immigration & emigration. 7.4.2 Define actual change. 7.4.3 Examine birth rate, death rate , immigration & emigration to determine actual change. 7.5 Examine conditions that result in migration (Chapter 19, p.323-328) 7.5.1 describe push & pull factors of migration. *7.5.2 Determine the major source areas for migrants to Canada. *7.5.3 Identify the classes of migrants to Canada & the requirements for each. 7.5.4 Reflect upon issues related to immigration 7.6 Appreciate the importance of population studies. (Chapter 19 p. 336-337) 7.6.1 Define Census. 7.6.2 Explain why it is important for decision makers to analyze census data before making policy

decisions on education & health care. 7.6.3 Take positions on issues related to population dynamics. 7.6.4 Evaluate the usefulness of census data for a stated purpose Students completing 3202 are responsible for all questions above. Students completing 3200 may omit the * questions.