Daylight Bulb Regular Incandescent

Mercury Vapor

Low pressure sodium bulb

High Pressure sodium bulb

Light MixingPaint Mixing

Skin type Description

Type 1Always burns, never tans. Very fair skin with red or blond hair and freckles.

Type 2 Burns easily, tans minimally. Fair skin.

Type 3 Sometimes burns, gradually tans.

Type 4Minimum burning, always tans. White, with medium pigmentation.

Type 5Seldom burns, always tans. Medium to heavy pigmentation.

Type 6

Never burns, but tans very darkly. African Americans, Africans, or dark-skinned individuals with heavy pigmentation.

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Important Vocabulary

• Photosynthesis-process in which plants use the sun to create sugar

• Chlorophyll-green pigment that absorbs the sun’s energy

• Solar-the sun

• Chloroplast- organelle in plant cells that do photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll.

What is photosynthesis?• Photosynthesis takes the sun’s energy

and converts it to glucose (sugar).

• CO2 + H2O +light energy C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

• Reactants are carbon dioxide, water and the sun’s energy

• The products are sugar and oxygen.

The Chloroplast

The Chloroplast

• Photosynthesis takes place in a plant’s chloroplast.

• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll.

• Chlorophyll absorb light.

What happens in the chloroplast?

Chlorophyll• Chlorophyll is a green pigment that

absorbs light.• There are other pigments called

accessory pigments that help chlorophyll absorb light.

• Carotenoids are accessory pigments that are yellow, orange and brown.

• In the fall, leaves lose their chlorophyll and then the carotenoids are visible.

Chlorophyll• Light is made of 7 different colors.

• Chlorophyll can absorb light to gain energy in the form of electrons.

• There are different kinds of chlorophyll.

Carentoids

Flavonoids

Important Vocabulary• Stomata- opening on the underside of

plant’s leaves that lets gases and water pass through

Important Vocabulary• Factors affecting photosynthesis:

• Light intensity

• CO2 level

• Temperature

• If you increase these, photosynthesis increases to a certain point.

• Over that and it’s too much!

What is Respiration?• C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2CO2+ H2O +

energy

• Aerobic Respiration is a complex process by which cells make ATP.

• Aerobic Respiration can follow two pathways depending on if oxygen is available or not.

Glycolysis and Fermentation

• Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions.

• Glucose is used and broken down.• Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm

of the cell.• 2 ATP molecules are used in glycolysis

but 4 are made for a net gain of 2 ATP.

Glycolysis and Fermentation• If there is no oxygen (anaerobic), then

after glycolysis, fermentation occurs.

• Fermentation does NOT produce ATP but helps continue glycolysis.

• Two common fermentation pathways are lactic acid and ethyl alcohol.

Important Vocabulary• Anaerobic- without oxygen

• Aerobic-with oxygen

• Lactic Acid Fermentation-when oxygen is depleted, muscle cells create lactic acid, creates cramps and fatigue

• Alcoholic fermentation- basis for wine and beer industry, yeast create alcohol to about 12%.

Important Vocabulary

• Mitochondria-organelle that uses sugars and other molecules to create ATP

• Aerobic respiration-occurs in mitochondria, uses oxygen and electrons to create ATP.