Submitted to – Nazreen Submitted to – Nazreen MamMam

Presented by – Arpit Dahre..

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CONTENTSWhat is planningKey term used in planningHow do managers plan SWOT AnalysisExternal analysisInternal analysis

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CONTENTSCONTENTS What is controlling What is controlling process

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

CONCLUSION

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Planning is a process of…setting objectives

and…determining how to accomplish

them.

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Key Terms used in PlanningKey Terms used in PlanningGoals Objectives Strategies

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How do managers plan?Steps in the planning process

Establish a goal or set of goals. What the org. wants or needs.

Define the present situation. How far the org. from its goals. Available

resources ?

Identify the aids and barriers to the goals. What factors in the internal and external

environments can help the org. reach its goals. Or, factors which might create problems ?

Develop a plan or set of actions for reaching the goal(s): Strategic Plan and Operational Plan

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SWOT AnalysisSWOT AnalysisThe combined internal and external strategic

analysis is referred to as a SWOT analysis.Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

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External AnalysisPurpose of External Analysis

To identify aspects of the external environment that represent either an opportunity for or a threat to the organization.

Opportunities: Those environmental trends on which the

organization can capitalize and improve its competitive position.

ThreatsConditions that jeopardize the organization’s

ability to prosper and its competitive position in the long term.

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Internal AnalysisPurpose of Internal Analysis

To identify the assets, resources, skills, and processes that represent either strengths or weaknesses for the organization.

StrengthsAspects of the organization’s operations

that represent potential competitive advantages or distinctive competencies.

WeaknessesAreas that are in need of improvement.

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CONTROLLINGCONTROLLING

What is the control Controlling

The process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results.

Has a positive and necessary role in the management process.

Ensures that the right things happen, in the right way, at the right time.

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What is the control process?

Steps in the control process

Step 1—establish objectives and standards

Step 2—measure actual performance

Step 3—compare results with objectives and

standards

Step 4—take corrective action as needed

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Figure 8-4 Four steps in management control.

Schermerhorn/Management, 7eChapter 8, Figure 07-04

What is the control process?Step 1—establishing objectives and standards

Output standards Measure performance results in terms of quantity,

quality, cost, or time.

Input standards Measure effort in terms of amount of work

expended in task performance.

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What is the control process?

Step 2—measuring actual performance

Goal is accurate measurement of actual

results on output and/or input standards.

Effective control requires measurement.

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What is the control process?

Step 3—comparing results with objectives

and standards

Control equation

Need for action reflects the difference

between desired performance and actual

performance

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What is the control process?

Step 3—comparing results with objectives and standardsMethods of comparing desired and actual

performanceHistorical comparisonRelative comparisonEngineering comparison

Benchmarking using different comparison methods

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What is the control process?Step 4—taking corrective action

Taking action when a discrepancy exists between desired and actual performance.

Management by exception Giving priority attention to situations showing the

greatest need for action. Types of exceptions

Problem situation Opportunity situation

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What is the control process?Concurrent controls …

Focus on what happens during work process.

Monitor ongoing operations to make sure they

are being done according to plan.

Can reduce waste in unacceptable finished

products or services.

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What is the control process?Feedback controls …

Take place after work is completed.

Focus on quality of end results.

Provide useful information for improving future

operations.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONPlanning and controlling are two Planning and controlling are two

separate fuctions of management, yet separate fuctions of management, yet they are closely related. The scope of they are closely related. The scope of activities if both are overlapping to each activities if both are overlapping to each other. Without the basis of planning, other. Without the basis of planning, controlling activities becomes baseless controlling activities becomes baseless and without controlling, planning and without controlling, planning becomes a meaningless exercise. In becomes a meaningless exercise. In absense of controlling, no purpose can be absense of controlling, no purpose can be served by. Therefore, planning and served by. Therefore, planning and controlling reinforce each other. controlling reinforce each other.

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