Pronouns in-arabic4

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متصلConnected

Attached to verbs showing

the subject

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ARABIC PRONOUNS

يرمالضThe Pronoun

متصلConnected

Attached to nouns,verbs & particles

رتتسمHidden

Object Pronoun

Page 1

منفصلSeparate

Object Pronoun

Subject

Pronouns

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In Arabic we have 3 types of pronouns: separate, attached and hidden.

1- The Separate Pronoun لنفصم يرمض

We call them separate as they occur separated, i.e. not connected to a noun, or a verb or a particle. They are of two forms:

First form: Separate pronouns which are very common and come mostly at

the beginning of a sentence أتدبم

(1st person) The person who speaks

تكلمالم I m/f. s ناأ

We m/f. d/p نحن

(2nd person) The person you speak to خاطبالم You m. s تنأ

You f. s نأت

You m/f. d اتنأم

You m. p تنأم

You f. p تنأن

(3rd person) The person you speak about الغائب He/ it m. s هو

She/ it f. s يه

They m/f. d هام

They m. p هم

They f. p نه

Masculine (m.) ذكرم Feminine (f.) ؤنثم Singular (s.) دفرم Dual (d.) ثنىم Plural (p.) عمج


Second form: They come only as the object of a verb, if we want to

emphasize that object, by putting it before the verb.

(1st person) The person who speaks

تكلمالم I m/f. s ايإي We m/f. d/p اناإي

(2nd person) The person you speak to خاطبالم You m. s اكإي You f. s اإيك

You m/f. d اإياكم

You m. p اإيكم

You f. p اكنإي (3rd person) The person you speak about الغائب He/ it m. s اهإي She/ it f. s اإياه

They m/f. d ماهاإي

They m. p ماهإي They f. p ناهإي

x8$ §ƒ Î) ß‰ ç7 ÷è tΡ x8$ §ƒ Î)uρ Ú Ïè tGó¡nΣ ∩∈∪ ⟨ Ex. You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each and

everything)


2- The Attached Pronoun لتصم يرمض

They are also called “Pronouns Suffixes” as they come at the end of the word. The Attached Pronoun in Arabic is of two forms:

First form: Attached to nouns, verbs and particles

متصل بالفعل

ل بإنتصل متصمرالج فربح

متصل اسمب

يرمالض المتصل

يرمالض المنفصل

Object attached to the verb

Attached

to إن Attached to prepositions

Attached to nouns

Attached Pronoun

Separate Pronoun

تكلمالم (1st person)

ألنسيي يإن/ يإنن يكتاب يل ـي... اأن I m/f. s

انيسأل ناإ/ انإن انكتاب انل اـن... ننح We m/f. d/p

خاطبالم (2nd person)

كيسأل كإن ككتاب كل ...ـك You m. s أنت

كيسأل كنإ ككتاب كل ...ـك أنت You f. s

كمايسأل اكمإن اكمكتاب اكمل ...اـكم You m/f. d أنتما

كميسأل كمإن كم ل تابككم ...ـكم أنتم You m. p

كنيسأل كنإن كنكتاب كنل ...ـكن أنتن You f. p

الغائب (3rd person)

هيسأل هإن ه ل تابكه ...ـه وه He/ it m. s

اهيسأل اهإن اهكتاب هال ...اـه يه She/ it f. s

اهميسأل اهمإن اهمكتاب اهمل ...ماـه They m/f. d هما

هميسأل همإن هم ل تابكمه ...مـه مه They m. p

هنيسأل هنإن هنكتاب هنل ...نـه نه They f. p


The pronouns of this form can come in different positions, for example:

1- Attached to nouns to show the possessor.

Ex. تابيك The book of mine or my book.

2- Attached to prepositions روف الجرح

Ex. نمه From him.

3- Attached to the particle إن (Indeed)

Ex. إنك Indeed you (m. s)

4- Attached to verbs to show the object ول بهفعم .

Ex. ألأسه I ask him.


Second form: Attached to verbs to show the subject

The subject here means: The one who does the verb لالفاع.

A- Pronouns attached to the present tense verb

*The hidden pronoun will be explained later اهللا شاء إن

الضمير المنفصل

Separate Pronoun

ارعضل المعالف Present verb

اسم الضمير المتصل Name of the attached pronoun

فعلأ اأن رتتسم يرمأنا(ض(

Hidden pronoun*

نلن نحفع مضير رتتسم)ننح(

)أنت(مستتر يرضم فعلت أنتت أنتليفعن ةخاطبالم اءي ألف االثنين نفعالت أنتمالت أنتموفعن واو ةماعالج لت أنتنفعن ةوالنس نون

وه ليفع مضير رتتسم)وه( يلت هفع مضير رتتسم)يه( ما ه)ذكرم( الين نفعألف االثني مؤنث(ا هالت )من نفعألف االثني مه ليوفعن ةماعالج اوو نه ليفعن ةوالنس نون


Important comments about the present tense verb:

1- The present tense verb has to start with one of the four following letters:

(letters for the present) حروف المضارعةThey are called أ، ن، ي، ت

a. The prefix أ represents (I).

b. The prefix ن represents (We).

c. The prefix ت represents the 2nd person

d. The prefix ي represents the 3rd person.

( With the exception of the 3rd person f. s. ه لتيفع and the 3rd person f. d. هالت امعنف they take the prefix ت )

Important note: These prefixes are not pronouns; they are only signs for the present tense verb.

The pronouns come only at the end of the word.

2- The present tense verb can come without a pronoun suffix, in that case the first letter of the verb will be a sign that shows the subject (The one who did

the verb)

Ex. قولن means “we say” notice that no pronoun suffix attached to that verb for

(we). In such cases we say that the pronoun is hidden. Important note:

The present verb for (she) and (you m. s.) are similar يل تهل تت أن= فعفع

3- The present tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:

a. The pronoun suffix ي called ياء خاطبالمة (Yaa' of the spoken to f. s.):

comes only with you f. s. Ex. نيفعلتت أن

b. The pronoun suffix ا called ألف ناالثني (Alif of two): comes with the dual of the

2nd and 3rd person

Ex. ماتهما –ن الفعهالينفع التا أنتمنفع-


Important note:

The present verb for (they f. d.) and (you m. d.) is similar

Ex. ماالتهن فع– التا أنتمن فع

c. The pronoun suffixو called ةماعالج واو (Waaw of group): comes with

masculine plural of the 2nd and 3rd person

Ex. لتأنتموفعن- مه ليوفعن

d. The pronoun suffix ن called ةوالنس نون (Noon of women): comes with

feminine plural 2nd and 3rd person

Ex. لتأنتنفعن - نهليفعن Important note:

The letter ن that sometimes comes at the end of the present as in لتأنتموفعن - مه ليوفعن is not a pronoun, it is related to the conjugation of the

verbs that we will study in coming lessons ش اهللاإن اء .


B- Pronouns attached to the past tense verb

الضمير المنفصل Separate Pronoun

الماضيالفعل Past verb

اسم الضمير المتصل Name of the attached pronoun

اعلفال اءت تفعل اأن نل نحا الفن انفعينلاع اعلفال اءت تفعل أنت ل أنتفعت تلفال اءاع اعلفال اءت اتمفعل أنتما ل أنتمفعت تملفال اءاع ل أنتنفعت تنلفال اءاع

ول هفع يرمض رتتسم )وه( يل هتفع يرمض رتتسم )يه( ماه )ذكرم( ن الفعألف االثني مؤنث( اهل )من اتفعألف االثني مل هوافع واو ةماعالج نل هفعن ةوالنس نون


Important comments about the past tense verb:

1- There is no prefix attached to the past tense verb. 2- The past tense verb comes without a pronoun suffix only in two cases:

a. The 3rd person (m. s.) ول هفع

b. The 3rd person (f. s.) لفع يته ends with تاء يثالتأن (it is a اءت with Sukoon at

the end of the past tense verb and it is a sign of femininity not a pronoun).

Also تاء يثالتأن appears at the end of 3rd person (d. f.) املهاتفع before the

pronoun ن األف االثني but we had to put Fat-hah on if due to Alif Maddiyyah

following it. 3- The past tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:

a. The pronoun suffix لالفاع تاء comes with the singular of the 1st person and

with all the subjects of the 2nd person.

تنفعل – تمفعل - تمافعل – تفعل - تفعل –تفعل

* Notice that the ending of the verbs in 2nd person is the same as the ending of the separate pronoun of that group. You can say them together as a rhyme.

b. The pronoun suffix ان الفاعلين نا (Naa of the doers) comes with the dual and

the plural of the 1st person لنافع

تفعل تأن تفعل تأن تمافعل تماأن تمفعل تمأن تنفعل تنأن


c. The pronoun suffix ن األف االثني (Alif of two) comes with the dual of the

3rd person لاتفع فعال – d. The pronoun suffix و ومالج اوةاع (Waaw of group) comes with masculine

plural of 3rd person ا وفعل

(The Alif that comes after that Waaw is not pronounced)

e. The pronoun suffix ن ةوالنس نون (Noon of women): comes with feminine

plural of the 3rd person لفعن

C - Pronouns attached to the Command Verb

Important comments about the command verb

1- The Command Verb is used for command رأم, request طلب and

supplication عاءد .

2- It is used for the 2nd person only 3- It uses the same pronouns used with the 2nd persons of present.

ضمير المنفصلSeparate Pronoun

فعل األمر Command verb

افعل أنت أنت لفعيا افعال أنتما ل أنتمفعاوا ل أنتنفعان


The verbs in the different tenses

الضمير المنفصل

Separate Pronoun

ضارعل المعالف Present Tense

الفعل الماضي

Past tense

فعل األمر

Command verb

تفعل فعلأ أنا نلن نحل فعانفع

افعل تفعل فعلت أنت ت أنتليفعل نفعت لفعيا افعال اتمفعل نفعالت أنتما لت أنتموفعل نفعل تمفعاوا

لت أنتنفعل نفعل تنفعان وه ليل فعفع يلت هل فعتفع ماه )ذكرم( اليال نفعفع مؤنث( اهالت )مل نفعاتفع مه ليوفعل ناوفع نه ليفعل نفعن

يرمض ةعارضف المرح يثتاء التأن


3- The Hidden Pronoun يرمضرتتسم

The Hidden Pronoun can come in different positions in the sentence; for example; it comes after some verbs to show the subject, as mentioned in page 6 & in page 9 before.

Ex. لأفع (I do) the subject is contained in the verb, and it is understood that the

one who did the verb is I or me. Conjugation of the Arabic pronouns: We already know that nouns might change of form after the change of the

position of that word in the sentences e. g. لدو– لدا –ولدو

But the Arabic pronouns do not change of form in any situation, they are built on

one form ينبم. You will never see a word like ننح except like that with Dammah

at the end. Never نن –نحنح

If the pronoun is ينبم as mentioned above, why does the attached pronoun ـه

comes sometimes with Kasrah and others with Dammah? This is not due to the change of position of the word in the sentence, but to letter that precedes it.

If it is preceded with ةركس or long vowel �ء� it will have ةركس .

Ex. - يهف ههجو

Otherwise, it will have ةمض

Ex. - لهقب– وهأب - أخاه نهع

Education

Pronouns in-arabic4