By: Nasreen Ali

Childhood Period: Stage 2

Characteristics of Babyhood

Babyhood continues from infancy to the second year (2 weeks to 2 years) Babyhood is the true foundation age. Many behavior patterns, attitudes and

emotional expressions are established. It is a critical period in setting the pattern for personal and emotional adjustments.

Babyhood is an age of rapid growth and development. 1) They grow physically and psychologically

Change in height and weight Can develop interests and attitudes

2) There’s development of body control Sitting, standing, walking

3) Increased Independence and Individuality Begins to do things itself. Rebellion against being treated as a baby. A protest comes in forms of angry

outbursts and crying when independence is denied

4) Period of creativity, sex role and socialization for adjustment in future life.5) The ability to recognize and respond to people and objects in the environment grows.6) The baby is able to understand many things and communicate its needs and wants.

Areas of Development1. Motor Development

2. Cognitive Development3. Emotional Development4. Language Development

5. Moral-Spiritual Development

Motor DevelopmentMotor Development• There are 2 directions of development:There are 2 directions of development:

– Cephalocaudal developmentCephalocaudal development•Head to footHead to foot

– The head, neck, and upper parts start to develop The head, neck, and upper parts start to develop before the legs.before the legs.

– Proximodistal developmentProximodistal development•Center to outlying partsCenter to outlying parts

– From trunk or torso, then shoulders, hand and From trunk or torso, then shoulders, hand and finally fingers.finally fingers.

1-2 1-2 monthsmonths

• Tonic-neck reflexes Tonic-neck reflexes predominates. The predominates. The head is turned far to head is turned far to the side, can roll the side, can roll partly to side.partly to side.

3 months3 months• Is able to turn to prone position.Is able to turn to prone position.

4 months4 months• Turns from prone to supine positionTurns from prone to supine position

5 months5 months• Turns back to supine from proneTurns back to supine from prone

• Rolls form stomach to stomachRolls form stomach to stomach

6-7 months6-7 months

8 months8 months• Can alternate from prone to sitting Can alternate from prone to sitting

position and vice versa; can crawlposition and vice versa; can crawl

9 months9 months• Can pull themselves up by holding Can pull themselves up by holding

onto something.onto something.

10-11 months10-11 months• Sits with good Sits with good

controlcontrol• can pivot aroundcan pivot around• can walk while can walk while

holding holding someone’s someone’s hands.hands.

12 months12 months• Walks even when only one hand is Walks even when only one hand is

held.held.

• Can push a chair around, climb and Can push a chair around, climb and get down from it.get down from it.

15 months15 months

18 months18 months• Runs but falls sometimes; can climb Runs but falls sometimes; can climb

stairs by creeping.stairs by creeping.

• Can squat while playing; can climb up Can squat while playing; can climb up stairs by assuming an upright postionstairs by assuming an upright postion

21 months21 months

24 months24 months• Can walk backwards and on toes. Can walk backwards and on toes.

Can run without falling; can climb Can run without falling; can climb stairs with both feet on tread before stairs with both feet on tread before stepping.stepping.

Cognitive Development In infancy, they don’t understand that

objects exist even when hidden from view. A thing only exists when they see or feel it.

During the second year of life, a child acquires “object permanence” and start to search for objects in different places.

They’re more curious and if the new object they find is better than the previous one, it holds their attention.

Emotional Development Starts to show emotion

Love, anger, fear, curiosity, joy, affection Learns love when they’re cradled in their

mothers arms and when she sings them to sleep.

If baby becomes separated from mother when they have a strong relationship, the child starts to display negative behaviors Crying, searching, aggressive and panic

behavior, etc.

Language Development First language of a child is crying.

Expresses hunger, pain, anger, fear, etc. Then “cooing”

Yawning, guttural sounds , growls, etc. Then babbling

“da”, “na”, “ma” Then syllable-word languages

Usually the last syllable is said. “Ma” for mama, “di” for daddy, “tay” for tatay

At around one year, they can say a word. Usually, mama.

Moral-Spiritual Development

At birth, they can’t recognize those around them. By 3rd month, the baby starts to respond to voices.

They express joy in the presence of others by kicking, smiling or crying.

By 6th month, they smile to familiar faces and show fear of strangers

By 15th month, shows interest in familiar people and wants to be with them.

Likes to play with babies Takes things from them; and won’t give it back.

But as they grow older, they start to share and be nicer.

The End