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tanta university faculty of nursing
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Respiratory System
By
Prof. Dr. Mona Mohammed Zoair
Professor of Anatomy& EmbryologyTanta Faculty Of Medicine
The respiratory system consists of:
1- Nasal passages2- Pharynx
(shared with alimentary canal)3- Larynx
4- Trachea5- Bronchi6- Lungs
Nasal CavityHas:-Floor: hard
palate- Roof: for
olfaction- Lateral wall:1- above by orbit
and ethmoid sinus
2- below by maxillary sinus
Pharynx
2
3
4
5
6
1
-It is a tube 13 cm long
-Extends from base of skull to
6th cervical vertebra
It is divided into:1- Nasopharynx:
behind nasal cavity above soft palate
2- Oropharynx: behind mouth cavity from soft palate to epiglottis
3- Laryngeopharynx: behind larynx from epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
Larynx-it is the organ of
phonation-it is 4 cm in length-Extends from epiglottis - to trachea- Formed of 2 thyroid
cartilages- -They meet in midline
in Adam’s apple- Thyroid cartilages are
attached inferiorly to cricoid cartilages
epiglottis
trachea
- The inlet of larynx is guarded by epiglottis (leaf shaped elastic cartilages)
- Vocal folds are a pair of folds in laryngeal cavity leaving a fissure between them
Trachea- A tube of fibro-
elastic membrane maintained by C- shaped cartilage
- Posteriorly it is closed by trachealis muscle
- Extends from 6th cervical vertebra to the level of angle of Louis where it is divided into 2 bronchi
- It is about 6 inches long
Bronchi
4.5
cm2.5
cm
25 45
Rt. bronchus
Lt. bronchus
-Wider
-Shorter (2.5 cm)
-Bifurcates before entering the lungs
-Makes 25 degrees with vertical
-Narrower
-Longer (4.5 cm)
-Bifurcates after entering the lungs
-Makes 45 degrees with vertical
Foreign bodies enter Rt. Bronchus than Lt. bronchus
Pleura- It is a closed
sac invaginated from medial side by the lung
- It has two layers:
1- Visceral covers the lung
2- Parietal lines chest wall
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Lungs
- Each lung looks like half a cone
- It has an apex and a base (diaphragmatic surface)
-Borders of the lung:
1- anterior border2- posterior border3- inferior border
Surfaces of the lung:
1- Costal surface2- Mediastinal
surface3- Diaphragmatic
surface (base)
Fissures of the lungs:
1- Oblique fissure: from 3rd thoracic vertebra to 6th rib
2- Horizontal fissure (only in the right): from 4th costal cartilage to meet oblique fissure
Broncho- pulmonary segments- It is the functional
unit of the lung- Each unit is supplied
by:1- Segmental
bronchus2- Pulmonary artery3- Pulmonary vein
Differences between right and left lungs
Right lungLeft lung
- Short, wide with no cardiac notch
- Has 3 lobe separated by 2 fissures
- Contains 10 bronchopulmonary segments:
3 in upper lobe
2 in middle lobe
5 in lower lobe
- Long, narrow with cardiac notch
- Has 2 lobes separated by 1 fissure-Contains 8 bronchopulmonary segments:
2 in upper lobe
2 in lingular lobe
4 in lower lobe
Right lung (10):
- 3 in upper lobe
- 2 in middle lobe
- 5 in lower lobe
Left lung (8):
- 2 in upper lobe
- 2 in lingular lobe
- 4 in lower lobe
Thank You