Construction Technology-I

Building : Building is defined as any type of structure for what so ever

purpose and of what so ever material constructed and ever part there

of weather used as human habitations or not , includes all structural

elements like foundation , plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys etc…

with all building services like w.c, plumbing works.

Components

Foundation Plinth Superstructure

Corbel It is a structure piece of stone, wood (or) metal extended out from a wall to

carry over head weight.

String course

According to Nation building code of (SP:7-1970)

Classifying based on occupancy

Group A :Residential building

Group B :Educational building

Group C :Institutional building

Group D :Assembly building

Group E :Business building

Group F :Mercantile building

Group G :Industrial building

Group H :Storage building

Group I:Hazardous building

Types of Buildings

Group A :Residential building

These are buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purpose , with or with out cooking or dining or both facilities. Sub divided into A1: Lodging or Rooming houses(US)

in which lodgers rent one or more rooms for one or more nights, and sometimes for extended periods of weeks, months, and years. Total sleeping accommodation is not more than 15 persons A2: one or two family private dwellings Which is occupied by members of single family with cooking

facility's Total sleeping accommodation is not more than 20 persons A3: Dormitories Group of sleeping accommodation is provided with or with out dining

facilities, for persons who are not of same family

A4: Apartment houses In which living quarters are provided for more families living

independently of each other with cooking facilities. A5: Hotels Providing sleeping facilities with or without dining for more than 15

persons. It is generally used for commercial purpose Burj khalifa is an example of luxury hotel in the world

Group B : Educational buildings Using for educational purpose more than 8 hrs per week

Group C : Institutional buildings This type of building covers the medical for treatment purposes to serve the

people This type of building provides sleeping accommodation in different types

(Lodging , private single rooms,… ) C1 :Hospitals and sanitaria C2 :Custodial institutions This type of institutions are like rest homes for old age people . Proper care will be taken by the nurses regarding their illness These are like nursing homes C3 :Penal institutions These type of institutions covers mainly those who are violet the rules

against the Indian penal It covers those who are mentally abnormal Jails , mental hospitals are under this type of institutions

Group D :Assembly Buildings Where the group of people assemble to gather for entertainment,

social purpose ,travelling, religious or praying purpose and similar purpose…..

Restaurants, theater, bus stands, railway stations, temples , conference halls, theaters , auditoriums, exhibitions halls , dance halls , libraries, museums..etc

Sub groups D1 Buildings are having high raised plat form using that for

performance, entertainment with a fixed seating of 1000 persons and above.

Theaters, exhibition halls,

D2 Buildings using purpose same as group D1 but with seating of less

than 1000 persons D3 These buildings or rooms used for assemble and conducting meeting,

and entertainment purpose but with temporary seating of more than 300 persons

It also having raised stage or platform Dance halls, club halls , conference halls in hotels, libraries For educational purpose which are used less than 8 hrs in week D4 Purpose same as D3 with seating of less than 300 persons D5 This type is out of building type and outdoor assemble Gardens, parks, stadia, circus, review halls (military events

conducting ground)

Group E :Business buildings These building are used for account transitions and keeping books and

record of people Banks, post office, court , library are example

Group F :Mercantile building These buildings are used to purchasing purpose of any consuming

goods. Stores, markets, general stores, shopping malls, medical stores etc…

Group G :Industrial building

Group H :Storage building

Group I:Hazardous building

Design Loads

Dead load Live load Wind load Snow load Earth quack load

Dead load

live load

Wind load

Snow load

Earthquake load