FOOD WEBSWHAT DOES THIS DIAGRAM REPRESENT? HOW ARE THE FOLLOWING RELATED?

• PRODUCER• CONSUMER• OMNIVORE, HERBIVORE,

CARNIVORE• FOOD CHAIN• FOOD WEB• DECOMPOSER• DETRITIVORE• CARRYING CAPACITY

Food web in a mountain forest

• Which type of organism is a decomposer in this food web?

A. EarthwormB. GrassC. MouseD. Snake

Answer

A. EarthwormB. GrassC. MouseD. Snake

Food web in a field

• Which of the following changes would decrease the carrying capacity of the field for all of the populations that live there?

A. An introduction of wild cats to the fieldB. A severe decrease in rainfall, resulting in droughtC. An outbreak of an often fatal viral infection among miceD. A thinning of the shells of owls’ eggs, resulting in fewer births

Answer

A. An introduction of wild cats to the fieldB. A severe decrease in rainfall, resulting in

droughtC. An outbreak of an often fatal viral infection

among miceD. A thinning of the shells of owls’ eggs,

resulting in fewer births

ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMSWHERE DO AUTOTROPHS GET THERE ENERGY FROM? WHY IS ENERGY IMPORTANT?

• THE FLOW OF ENERGY IN A FOOD CHAIN IS ONE DIRECTION

• ENERGY FLOWS FROM THE SUN OR INORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO AUTOTROPHS (PRODUCERS) AND THEN TO VARIOUS HETEROTROPHS (CONSUMERS)

• REMOVING DECOMPOSERS WOULD STOP THE CYCLING OF MATTER IN NATURE.

Examine Food Web

• Which of the following pairs of consumers in this food web has the greatest amount of energy available for them to consume?

a. Hawk and mountain lionb. Rabbit and grasshopperc. Snake and songbirdd. Trees and grass

Answer

a. Hawk and mountain lionb. Rabbit and grasshopperc. Snake and songbirdd. Trees and grass

Flow of energy through a food chain and the cycling of matter in nature

• How would the absence of decomposers most significantly affect the flowchart?

A. The flow of energy would be affected.B. The dissipation of energy would be less.C. It would stop the cycling of matter in nature.D. The supply of nutrients for the producers would be less.

Answer

A. The flow of energy would be affected.B. The dissipation of energy would be less.C. It would stop the cycling of matter in nature.D. The supply of nutrients for the producers

would be less.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

WHAT ARE TROPHIC LEVELS? WHAT ARE ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID?

• THE PRODUCERS HAVE THE HIGHEST ENERGY LEVEL

• ONLY 10% OF ENERGY IS PASSED ON TO THE NEXT TROPHIC LEVEL. WHY?

• WHO EATS SECOND LEVEL CONSUMERS?

• WHO EATS PRODUCERS?• WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES

OF ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS?WHAT TYPE OF PYRAMID IS THIS?

Different trophic levels in food chain

• Which statement about this diagram is true?

A. The biomass at a trophic level is less than the level above it.B. The population at a trophic level is greater than the level

below it.C. The amount of energy available at a trophic level is less than

the level below it.D. The organism at each trophic level belongs to a different

kingdom than the level above it.

Answer

A. The biomass at a trophic level is less than the level above it.

B. The population at a trophic level is greater than the level below it.

C. The amount of energy available at a trophic level is less than the level below it.

D. The organism at each trophic level belongs to a different kingdom than the level above it.

ENERGY FLOW

• Which of these best explains what happens between trophic levels as energy moves up a food chain?

A. Energy is transferred completely from one organism to the next. B. Energy is transferred but some of it is lost to the environment.C. Energy is recycled uniformly throughout.D. Energy is produced in greater quantities.

Answer

A. Energy is transferred completely from one organism to the next.

B. Energy is transferred but some of it is lost to the environment.

C. Energy is recycled uniformly throughout.D. Energy is produced in greater quantities.

Feeding Patterns Observed• Which of the following

best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?

A. There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.

B. There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.

C. There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have.

D. There is less available energy in the fouth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metaoblism in each of the lower trophic levels.

Answer

A. There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.

B. There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.

C. There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have.

D. There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESION

WHATS HAPPENING OVER TIME? EXPLAIN

• ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION• PRIMARY SUCCESSION• SECONDARY SUCCESION• PIONEERS SPECIES

Ecological Succession

• A new island breaks through the surface of the sea near Iceland after a long series of volcanic eruptions. Which of these organisms is most likely to be the first one to colonize the island and start a succession?

A. BirdsB. InsectsC. LichensD. Flowering plants

Answer

A. BirdsB. InsectsC. LichensD. Flowering plants

PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION

WHAT EQUATION IS THIS?WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU FLIP IT? EXPLAIN HOW THIS WORKS.

WHERE DOES PHOTOSYTHESIS TAKE PLACE?WHERE DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION TAKE PLACE?

HOW DO ORGANISM RELEASE ENERGY?

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

• Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?

A. Oxygen is produced during cellular respirationand stored during photosynthesis

B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis

C. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration

D. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.

Answer

A.Oxygen is produced during cellular respirationand stored during photosynthesis

B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis

C. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration

D.Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration interrelated?

A. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the same process.

B. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration produce thesame chemical compounds.

C. Photosynthesis uses energy to produce glucose, and cellular respiration uses glucose to generate energy.

D. Photosynthesis uses glucose to generate energy, andcellular respiration uses energy to produce glucose.

Answer

A.Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the same process.

B. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration produce the same chemical compounds.

C. Photosynthesis uses energy to produce glucose, and cellular respiration uses glucose to generate energy.

D.Photosynthesis uses glucose to generate energy, and cellular respiration uses energy to produce glucose

Cellular Respiration

• In which type of organism does the following chemical process take place?

A. All bacteriaB. Plants and yeast onlyC. Yeast and bacteria onlyD. All organisms except some bacteria

Answer

A. All bacteriaB. Plants and yeast onlyC. Yeast and bacteria onlyD. All organisms except some bacteria

Photosynthesis• Sam places a small green plant inside

a test tube and seals the test tube inside a flask. The flask has a glass tube sticking out of the stopper, so he can periodically analyze the gas in the flask. He places the flask outside in direct sunlight, and collects and analyses the gas in the flask during the day and at night to compare the amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2). What will his analysis most likely show?

A. During the night, the amount of both gases remain constant.B. The amount of both gases in the flask remains constant over a 24-hr period.C. The amount of both gases in the flask increases during the day and decreases at

night.D. During the day, the amount of oxygen in the flask increases while the amount of

carbon dioxide decreases.

Answer

A. During the night, the amount of both gases remain constant.

B. The amount of both gases in the flask remains constant over a 24-hr period.

C. The amount of both gases in the flask increases during the day and decreases at night.

D. During the day, the amount of oxygen in the flask increases while the amount of carbon dioxide decreases.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS• The figure below shows an

experiment on photosynthesis. Rebecca observed that the part of the leaf outside the bottle showed the presence of starch in it. The part of the leaf inside the bottle did not show the presence of starch. When the same experiment was repeated without potassium hydroxide (KOH) in the bottle, the whole leaf showed the presence of starch. What can Rebecca correctly infer about the potassium hydroxide?

A. It absorbs carbon dioxideB. It releases oxygenC. It produces waterD. It dissolves cells

ANSWER

A. It absorbs carbon dioxideB. It releases oxygenC. It produces waterD. It dissolves cells