Internet Architecture & Protocol

BSIT-Eve-6th 2016

Assignment Subject:

Internet Architecture & Protocol

Institute Name :

University of Education Okara, Campus (Renala Khurd)

Truth ,The Ultimate and Virtue

Submitted by: Muhammad

Yameen Shakir 3001

Zubair Yaseen 3005

Submitted to :

Mam. Sobia

Lecturer in (Computer

Science)

Professor i

n (

Computer S

Internet ArchitectureBasics:

The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the IP.

It is a network of networks.

Internet architecture :

It is by definition a meta-network, a constantly changing collection of thousands of individual networks intercommunicating with a common protocol.

A short form of the compound word "inter-networking. This architecture is based in the very specification of the standard TCP/IP

protocol. Designed to connect any two networks which may be very different in internal

hardware, software, and technical design.

Internet Path

An individual's access to the Internet is often from home over a modem to a local Internet service provider who connects to a regional network connected to a national network.

Data Communication Data communication means exchange of between two or more devices via

some transmission media. Main component of data communication.

Network Topology.

Protocols Tcp and IP are the most important protocols of the internet. The Internet’s principal protocols are collectively knows as the TCP/IP

protocol suit.

OSI LAYERS MODEL

1. Application Layer - Cables2. Presentation Layer - Ethernet3. Session Layer - IP4. Transport Layer – TCP/UDP5. Network Layer6. Data Link Layer7. Physical Layer.

TCP/IP MODEL

4 Layers

4. Application Layer

FTTP, HTTP

3. Transport Layer

TCP, VDP, SCTP

2. Internet Layer

ARP, RARP, ICMP, IGMP

1. Network Interface layer.

INTERNET LAYERS Packaging Addressing Routing IP ADRESS 4 bytes e.g. 163.1.125.98 ROUTING. A router receives chunk of information from one of its incoming

communication link and forwards it to one of its outgoing communication link. FIREWALL Provides perimeter defence

HISTORY1960-1998

1962: John Licklider a scientist at MIT, publishes a memorandum outlining a “Galactic Network,” a globally interconnected set of computers to provide

access to data and programs from anywhere 1969: ARPA net and BBN work to formulate Network Core Protocol 1971: ARPA net’s Ray Tomlinson sends the first email message: “Testing 1-

2-3” 1977: ARPA net has 100 hosts 1983: Term “Internet” is coined, TCP/IP becomes the standard protocol 1984: Domain Name Servers (DNS) are introduced, the Internet has 1,000

hosts 1990: Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML and the WWW ARPA net shuts

down, the Internet has 300,000 hosts Archie, the first Search Engine is developed at McGill University.

1991: NSF lifts the ban on commercial network traffic, thereby opening the doors to commerce

1993: Mark Andreesen of NCSA introduces the Mosaic Browser 1994: HTML 2 is released 1995: AOL, Compuserve , and Prodigy provide Internet access 1996: W3 introduces HTML 3.2 1997: The Internet has 1.2 million web sites 1998: HTML 4 is introduced, the Internet has 1.2 million web sites.

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER ISP refers to a company that provides internet services for personal and business

purpose It is the gateway to the internet and everything that you do online. important roles and functions of internet service providers

Provide internet access to the user through dial up service DSL SERVICE, and cellular data service.

Internet Service Providers serve large companies by providing a direct connection from the company’s network to the internet.

Provides internet services like email, access to software tools, security service and Web hosting.

Few companies provide free ISP services that require internet occasionally.

Internet Service Providers host sites for businesses and also build a website themselves.

Internet Service Providers act as a mediator between the user and internet.

ISPs employ a range of technologies to enable consumers to connect to their network.

Typical home user connection Dial-up DSL Broadband wireless access Cable Internet

Typical business type connection

DSL

SHDSL

Ethernet technologies

POPULAR ISP PROVIDERS

BACKBONES Internet is the backbone . The Internet backbone is formed by the biggest networks in the system,

owned by major Internet service providers (ISPs) such as GTE, MCI, Sprint,and UUNet.

By connecting to each other, these networks create a super-fast pipeline that crisscrosses the United States and extends to Europe, Japan, mainland Asia, and the rest of the world.

References:

https://www.google.com.pk/search . www.internetArchitectute/protocol.com . www.wilkipedia.com . www.introduction/Architecture/

protocols.secondedditionByBehroaz A Frozen.