Chapter 16 Evidence of Evolution

BY: Alejandro HernandezJessica Hernandez Francisco EsquivelCristina Guzman

Ryan TorresReyna Provencio

A. Biogeography

● Biogeography is the study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past.

         

1.How does the geographic distribution of a species today relate to their evolutionary history?

 Patterns of living and fossil species tell us approximately how long ago organisms evolved from their ancestors.

 

2.Closely related but different

● Populations on the island had evolved from mainland species.

3.Distantly related but similar

● Differences in body structures tell us how they evolved from different ancestors.

B. The Age of Earth and F ossils

● Earth Is Old ● Fossils are Evidence of Evolution

1. How Do Fossils Help Document the Decent Of Modern Species from ancient ancestors?

● Fossils indicate evolution occurred as they indicate variations in bone structures of related animal species, and in plant forms and structures.

2. The Age Of Earth?

● The age of earth is about 4.5 billion years old

● Radioactive Dating

3. Recent Fossil Finds● Connections between fish and four legged

land animals● fossils provide evidence that life does

evolve

C. Comparing Anatomy and Embryology

1.What do Homologous Structures and Similarities in Embryonic Development suggest about the process of Evolutionary Change?2. Homologous Structures3. Embryology

1. What do Homologous Structures and Similarities in Embryonic Development suggest about the process of Evolutionary Change?

* It means that the process of Evolutionary Change is basically all the same but some are used in different ways.

2. Homologous Structures* The Evolutionary Theory explains that the existence of Homologous Structures adapted and the result was a descent of modification from a common ancestor

3. Embryology

* Researchers noticed that many animals with vertebrates during their early development stage are very similar

D. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIO. 

1. HOW CAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BE USED TO TRACE THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION?

● HUMANS AND ANIMALS ALL HAVE THE SAME MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. WHICH MEANS WE'RE ALL SIMILAR.

D. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIO.2. LIFE’S COMMON GENETIC CODE

● THIS GENETIC CODING IS ALMOST NEARLY IDENTICAL IN ALMOST ALL

ORGANISMS,INCLUDING BACTERIA,YEASTS, PLANTS, FUNGI, AND ANIMALS

D. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIO.3. HOMOLOGOUS MOLECULES

● AN EXAMPLE OF HOMOLOGOUS MOLECULES IS HOX GENES.

 

TestingNaturalSelection

What Does Recent Research on the Galapagos finches show aboutNatural Selection? ● Natural Selection shaped the beaks of

different birds● Flinch with different-size beaks have better

or worse chance of surviving seasonal droughts

● Natural selection Happens a lot on Galapagos flinch

●   

A Testable Hypothesis ● Peter and Rosemary Grant tested the

hypothesis that Darwin had said about Natural selection

● They spent 35 years studying Galapagos flinch

● The data the Grants had recorded showed that there is indeed great variation of heritable traits among Galapagos flinch

● Darwin said that natural selection had shaped the beaks of different birds

Natural Selection ● Flinch with different-size beaks have better

or worse chance of surviving seasonal droughts

● Natural selection Happens a lot on Galapagos flinch

● These evolutionary change happen a lot faster than researchers thought

● Viriation within species increases the likelihood of species adapting and surviving environmental change

  

Evaluating Evolutionary Theory ● Science and technology have confirm and

expanded most of Darwin' Hypotheses● Evolutionary theory offers insight that are

vital to all branches of biology ● Evolutionary theory is constantly reviewed

as new data are gathered

 THE END(: