Grammar book Semester 2

By: Amalia Burleson

2nd period- Linares

Que vs. Cual

DOCTOR PED

Estar- HELPING

Gustar

Transitions

Triggors

Imperfect

Acabar De

Hace Expressions

Verbs like Gustar

Reflexive

Formulas

Tu command (DOP)

Modal Verbs

Que is used in when asking for definition

Cual is used when not seeking a definition

D : Descriptions

O: Origin

C: Characteristics

T: Time

O: Occupation

R: Relationships

P: Possession

E: Events

D: Dates

H: Health

E: Emotion

L: Location

P: Present Condition

ING

Ar: ando

Er/ir: endo/yendo

Used with ings

Used to explain the like of something:

i.e:

Me gusta/ I like

Te gusta/ you like

*Putting a verb in the inifinitive form

Me gusta bailar---

I like to dance.

Tambien

Ahora

Primero

Despues

Per-eso

Asi-que

Pero y entonces

For ar: Aba Abas Aba Abamos Abais Aban

For er/ir ia Ias Ia Iamos Iais ian

Todos los dias Amenudo A veces Siempre Cada dia Los lunes Generalmente Mientras De vez en cuando Muchas veces Frecuentements

1.Ongoing action 2. Repeated Action 3. No definite beginning/ending 4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions 5. Interrupted activity

To have just finished

i.e.

Acabo de comer

I have just ate

4 Formulas:

1) Hace + time+ que+ conjugated verb

2) Hay+que+infinitive

3) Se probibe + infinitive

4) Se permite+ infinitive

Past tens “snap shot” in time Beginning/ ending Completed action

AR: E Aste O Amos Aron

IR/ER I Iste Io Imos ieron

Faltar: To lack

Fascinar: To fascinate

Encantar: To Enchant

Importar: To be Important

Interesar: To be Interesting

Doler: To hurt somewhere

Simply drops the S

Informal command– NOT MEANT TO BE SAID TO SOMEONE OLDER

COMES

Comes Come

DOP + IOP can attach to

an affirmative command

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS-Me -Los/las-Te -Nos-Lo/la -Os

TOCAR

Toqué

Tocaste

Tocó

Tocamos

Tocaron

COMENZAR

Comencé

Comenzaste

Comenzó

Comenzamos

Comenzaron

JUGARJugué

JugasteJugó

JugamosJugaron

IR+A+INFINITIVE…. (going to do something)

PODER+INFINITIVE…(are able to do something)

QUERER+INIFINITIVE…(want to do something)

DEBER+INFINITIVE…(to have to do something)

TENER QUE+INFINITIVE…(to have to do something)

SOLER+INFINITIVE…(to be accustomed to)

Most adverbs are formed by adding “-mente” to the feminine singular form of the adjective

-If it ends in –e or a consonant, it stays the same.

-When 2 Adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd adverb uses “-mente”

• Mucho• Muy• Mal• Bastante• Bien• Ya

• Tan• Demasedo• Peor• Nunca• Siempre

Continuous Action

Estar + (ando/iendo/yendo)

EXAMPLE:

Estoy hablando

-Estar (aba) + (ando-iendo-yendo)

EXAMPLE:

Estaba hablando

“Will”

Infinitive + -e/as/a/emos/eis/an

DO NOT CONJUGATE VERB

Decir- Dir

Hacer- Har

Pener-Pondr

Salir-Saldr

Tener-Tendr

Poder-Podr

Querer-queir

Saber-sabr

E

As

A

Emos

Eis

An

Used when trying to say that something has the most or least of something

Mas + adjective (the most)

Menos +Adjective (The least)

Andar : Anduv Estar: Estuv Poder: Pud Poner: Pus Querer: Quis Saber: Sup Tener: Tuv Vener: Vin Decir: Dij Traer: Traj Conducir: Conduj Producir: Produj Traducir: Traduj

DROP THE I

EIsteOImosIsteisieron

Snakey Verbs

Only changes in 3rd person

i>y: oir

e>y: leer, creer

Snake Verbs

Only changes in 3rd person

e>i: pedir, preferir, competir, repetir, servir, sentir, venir

o>u: dormir and morir